multilingual dynamic linking of web resources a thesis submitted to the graduate school of natural

139 Pages·2014·3.87 MB·English

MULTILINGUALDYNAMICLINKINGOFWEBRESOURCES
ATHESISSUBMITTEDTO
THEGRADUATESCHOOLOFNATURALANDAPPLIEDSCIENCES
OF
MIDDLEEASTTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
BY
UG˘URDÖNMEZ
INPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTS
FOR
THEDEGREEOFMASTEROFSCIENCE
IN
COMPUTERENGINEERING
SEPTEMBER2014

Approvalofthethesis:
MULTILINGUALDYNAMICLINKINGOFWEBRESOURCES
submitted by UG˘UR DÖNMEZ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the de-
gree of Master of Science in Computer Engineering Department, Middle East
TechnicalUniversityby,
Prof. Dr. CananÖzgen
Dean,GraduateSchoolofNaturalandAppliedSciences
Prof. Dr. AdnanYazıcı
HeadofDepartment,ComputerEngineering
Prof. Dr. AhmetÇos¸ar
Supervisor,ComputerEngineeringDepartment,METU
Assist. Prof. Dr. YelizYes¸ilada
Co-supervisor,ComputerEngineeringDept.,METUNCC
ExaminingCommitteeMembers:
Prof. Dr. AdnanYazıcı
ComputerEngineeringDepartment,METU
Prof. Dr. AhmetÇos¸ar
ComputerEngineeringDepartment,METU
Prof. Dr. ˙IsmailHakkıToroslu
ComputerEngineeringDepartment,METUNCC
Assist. Prof. Dr. YelizYes¸ilada
ComputerEngineeringDepartment,METU
Assist. Prof. Dr. EnverEver
ComputerEngineeringDepartment,METUNCC
Date:
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare
that,asrequiredbytheserulesandconduct,Ihavefullycitedandreferencedall
materialandresultsthatarenotoriginaltothiswork.
Name,LastName: UG˘URDÖNMEZ
Signature :
iv
ABSTRACT
MULTILINGUALDYNAMICLINKINGOFWEBRESOURCES
Dönmez,Ug˘ur
M.S.,DepartmentofComputerEngineering
Supervisor : Prof. Dr. AhmetÇos¸ar
Co-Supervisor : Assist. Prof. Dr. YelizYes¸ilada
September2014,121pages
The World Wide Web is successful for locating, browsing and publishing informa-
tion by its scalable architecture. However, the Web suffers from some limitations.
For example, links on the Web are embedded in documents. Links are only unidi-
rectional,ownershipisrequiredtoplaceananchorindocuments,andauthoringlinks
is an expensive process. The embedded link structure of the Web can be improved
by Semantic Web. By using Semantic Web components, existing Web resources can
be enriched with additional external links. COHSE is a project that aims to solve
this problem. Although COHSE is successful in dynamic linking, it is monolingual.
In our work, we aim to solve this problem. MOHSE is a project that dynamically
link Web resources in different languages. In order to achieve our goal, firstly, we
researched multilingual controlled vocabularies, their representation, and their use
in dynamic linking. Secondly, we investigated existing multilingual controlled vo-
cabularies. Thirdly, we extended COHSE infrastructure to support multilingualism.
Finally,weperformedexperimentswiththisextendedinfrastructure. Outcomesshow
thatMOHSEisusefulandincreasesuser’sWebperformance. Thisthesiscontributes
to multilingualism on the Web. MOHSE is the prior work that supports multilingual
dynamiclinking.
Keywords: DynamicLinking,Multilingualism,InformationRetrieval,SemanticWeb
v
ÖZ
WEBKAYNAKLARININÇOKD˙ILL˙ID˙INAM˙IKBAG˘LANMALARI
Dönmez,Ug˘ur
YüksekLisans,BilgisayarMühendislig˘iBölümü
TezYöneticisi :Prof.Dr.AhmetÇos¸ar
OrtakTezYöneticisi :Yrd.Doç.Dr.YelizYes¸ilada
Eylül2014,121sayfa
Dünya Çapında Ag˘ ölçeklenebilir mimarısı ile bilginin yerles¸tirilmesi, taranması ve
yayınlanmasındabas¸arılıdır.FakatWebgiderilmesigerekenbazılimitleriçerir.Örnek
olarak Web’deki bag˘lantılar dokümanlanların içine gömülmüs¸tür. Bag˘lantılar sadece
tek taraflı çalıs¸maktadır. Ayrıca kaynaklara bag˘lantı eklenmek için o kaynag˘ın sahibi
olmanızgerekmektedir.Anlambilimselag˘ ileWeb’ingömülübag˘lantıyapısıgelis¸ti-
rilebilir.Anlambilimselag˘ biles¸enleriileWebkaynaklarıharicibag˘lantılareklenerek
zenginles¸tirilebilir.COHSEbuproblemiçözmeyiamaçlayanbirprojedir.COHSEdi-
namik bag˘lamada bas¸arılı olsa da, tek dillidir. MOHSE Web kaynaklarını farklı dil-
lerdebag˘layanbirprojedir.Amacımızaulas¸makiçin,ilkolarak,çokdillikontrollüke-
limeleri, simgelenmelerini ve dinamik bag˘lamada nasıl kullanılacaklarını aras¸tırdık.
˙Ikinciolarak,varolankontrollükelimegruplarınıinceledik.Üçüncüolarak,COHSE
altyapısını çok dillilig˘i destekleyecek s¸ekilde gelis¸tirdik. Son olarak, gelis¸tirdig˘imiz
altyapı ile deneyler yaptık. Sonuçlar MOHSE’nin kullanıs¸lı oldug˘unu ve kullanıcıla-
rın Web kullanım performansını arttırdıg˘ını gösterdi. Bu tez Web’deki çok dillilig˘e
katkıdabulunmaktadır.MOHSEçokdillidinamikbag˘lamayıdestekleyenöncüçalıs¸-
madır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dinamik Bag˘lama, Çok Dillilik, Bilgi Edinme, Anlam Bilimsel
Ag˘
vi
Tomyfamilyandfriends
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to express my sincere appreciations to my advisor Assist. Prof. Dr.
Yeliz YES¸˙ILADA for her guidance, support, encouragement and positive attitudes
throughout my study. I am grateful for having chance of working with her. I would
liketothankanumberofindividualswhohavehelpedmecompletethismaster’sthe-
sis. Metu Ceng department head Prof. Dr. Adnan YAZICI and and Prof. Dr. Ahmet
ÇOS¸AR helped me a lot while I was in METU-NCC. I am grateful Assist. Prof. Dr.
Enver EVER who helped me morally. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Ali TAS¸IRAN who
helpedmeforevaluatingmystatisticaldata.
IamverygratefultoeverypeopleIknowduringmyresearchassistantshipinMETU-
NCC. S¸ükrü ERASLAN was always with me when I needed some help. Abraham
andRyanpreparedquestionsformyevaluationtask. Itwasveryimportantforme.
Iwanttothankmyfriendswhosupportedmemorallyandhelpedmealot. Also,Iam
very grateful to Sercan YÜKSEK for reviewing my writings. I want to thank Selin
forreviewingmywriting,doingmypilotevaluation,andenteringtheevaluationdata
to computer. I want to thank Elgin for supporting me about SPSS, and getting per-
mission from METU ethical community. My dear friend ˙Ilkcan provided invaluable
supportforme. Iwouldliketothanktohimalot. Additionally,Iwouldliketothank
the guys in Smyrna Bistro who provided their computers and canteen for my evalua-
tionprocess.
I would like to thank Dream Theater who plays perfect songs which motivated me a
lotwhileIwasworking.
Iwouldliketothankalltheparticipantswhoattendedmyevaluationstudy.
Iamverygratefulthatmyfamilyencouragedmethroughoutthestudy.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
ÖZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
TABLEOFCONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
LISTOFTABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
LISTOFFIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
LISTOFABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
CHAPTERS
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 ThesisOutline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 SemanticWeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 MultilingualControlledVocabularies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 TextRetrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.1 MultilingualTextRetrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ix
2.4 Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 RELATEDWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1 MultilingualDynamicLinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 SemanticWebBrowsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3 MultilingualTextRetrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.4 AutomatedMultilingualVocabularyMapping . . . . . . . . 21
3.5 AutomatedMultilingualTranslation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.6 Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 ARCHITECTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1 Background-COHSEArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2 DesignRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3 MOHSEArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.4 KnowledgeService . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4.1 CreatingOntologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5 ResourceService . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.6 MOHSEFirefoxExtension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.7 MOHSEServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5 EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
x