Mughal administration

172 Pages·2010·10.75 MB·English

THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
GIFT OF
HORACE W. CARPENTIER

Mughal Administration
'PATNA UNIVERSITY READERSHIP LECTURES,
1920.)
JADUNATH SARKAR, M.A.,
m
Indian Educational Service, Bihar.
1920.
M. C. SARKAR & SONS,
Calcutta.
Rs.2.
PUBLISHED BY
M
S. C. Sarkar of C. SARKAR & SONS
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
1. History of Aurangzib, 4 vols. ... Rs. 3-8 each.
Vol. I. Reign of Shah Jahan. —
II. War of Succession, 1657 58.
„ III. Northern India, 1658—1681.
„ IV. Southern India, 1644—1689.
2. Shivaji and His Times, 2nd ed. ... Rs. 4.
(Based on original Persian and Marathi
sources and English and Dutch Factory
Records).
3. Studies in Mughal India ... Rs. 2.
(Twenty-two historical essays.)
4. Anecdotes of Aurangzib, (Ahkarn-
i-Alamgiri) Persian text, English
trans, and notes ... ... Re. 1-8
5. Chaitanya's life and teachings,
2nd ed., greatly enlarged ... Rs. 3.
(From his original Bengali biography.)
6. Economics of British India,
4ch ed., i-evise<], enlarged and
brought up to date ... ... Rs. 3.
M. C. SARKAR & SONS,
90/2, Harrison Road, Calcutta.
Printer: S. C. MaJUMDAR,
SRI GOURANGA PRESS,
7///, Mirzapur Street, Calcutta.
CONTENTS.
—
Chapter I. The Government : its character —
and Aims ... ... ... I 25
—
Previous studies—of Mughal administration, 2 subjects of
these six lectures, 3 Mughal admi—nistrative system influence—d
Hindu and British governments, 4 aims of M—ughal State, 6
foreign elements in Mu—ghal administration—, 8 military nature
of—the government, 10—State factories, 13 exces—s of records,
15 law an—d justice, 16 Muslim law in India, 20 no socialistic
activity, 23 people left alone, 24.
—
Chapter II. The Sovereign and the —
Departmental Heads. Sources ... 26 50
—
— Muslim sovereign's—powers, 26— no minister—ial control, —28
chief depar—tments, 30 wazir, 31 b—akhshi, 33 steward, 35
jud—iciary, 35 censor—of morals, 39 S—OURCES: Ain-i-Akbari—,
41 Dastur-ul-aml, 43 its contents, 45 Mirat-i-Ahmadi, 47
Manual of Officers' Duties, 48.
—
Chapter III. TheTreasury and Household —
Departments ... ... 51 77
— —
Diwan, 51 —his position and powers, 52 records that mus—t
reach him, 53 some famou—s diwans* office procedure, 57—
Diwan of Khalsa's duties,—61 duties of Diwan of Tankha, 66
Khan-i-saman's duties, 69 Bayutat'sduties, 74.
— —
Chapter IV. Provincial Administration ... 78 101
—
Mughal officialsdislikeand neglec—tvillages, 78 howGovern-
me—nt kept touch with vi—llages, 79 subahdar and his —duties.
80 his plan of ac—tion, 83 provincial —diwan's duties, 86 fauj-
dar's functions, 89 kotwal's duties, 93 news-reporters, 97.
437uo^
—
Chapter '..-—Taxation of Land ... 102 128
—
— Indian peasants reluctant—to pay revenue, 102 reasons, 102
the rypJt how t—reated, 105 abwabs or exactions c—ondemned
by Emperors, 107 b—ut levied by lower officials, 108 anecdo—te
of Shah Jahan, 108 doings of an extortionate—diwan, 110
Sadullah's censure of revenu—e collectors, 112 —why revenu—e
officials levied—perquisites, 112 krori's duties, 114 amin, 116
qanungo, 118 abwabs classified, 120—described in detail, 121.
—
Chapter VI. Mughal Rule : Its achieve- —
ments and failure ... ... 129 152
Mughal rule gave India administrative union and homo-
— —
gene—ity, 129 but no nationality, 130 Mu—slim gifts: history,
131 conta—ct with the outer worl—d. 132 monotheistic Hindu
sects, 134 Suf—i brotherhood, 135 socia—l manners of N. India
Islamised, 136 archite—cture and art, 137 strength of the Musli—m
position in India, 139 Muham—madan settlers Indiamsed, 140—
disruptive forces in State, 142—decline of the aristocracy, 144
people make no prog—ress, 145 causes of deterioration of Indian
Muhammadans. 146 weakness of oriental monarchies, 148
—
the lessons of Indian history, 151.
Z. means British Museum Persian MS. Or. 1641;
D. means India Office Library Pers. 370;
Mirat means Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Bombay litho. ed.