Mu C10

6 Pages·1.207 MB·English

by  Youn B.-S., Kwon B.S.

Mu C10
Byung-S. Youn1 and Byoung S. Kwon2,3,*
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine,
635 Barnhill Drive, Indiapolis, IN 46202, USA
2The Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
3Department of Ophthalmology, LSUMC, 2020 Gravier Street Suite B, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
*corresponding author tel: [phone] ex 1379, fax: [phone], e-mail: [email protected]
DOI: 10.1006/rwcy.2000.11011.
SUMMARY Alternative names
Murine C10 was isolated from granulocyte–macro- Macrophage inflammatory protein-related protein 1
phage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-stimu- (MRP-1) was identified by a modified differential
lated bone marrow cells. Mu C10 is structurally most hybridization method (Youn et al., 1995). Its cDNA
similar to Mu MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2 in that they have two sequence is identical to Mu C10. MRP-1 was so
extra cysteine residues in addition to the usual four named because the overall protein structure was very
cysteine residues. The Mu C10 sequence reveals a similar to MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2.
single open reading frame encoding 110 amino acids,
of which the first 21 amino acids represent a putative
signal peptide. Mu C10 mRNA is significantly
Structure
induced by IL-4 in macrophages. Mu C10 is a potent
ligand for CCR1. Mu C10 and Mu MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2
The cDNA sequence of Mu C10 reveals its closest
share the receptor. Recombinant Mu C10 signifi-
homology to MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2 (50%), and to a lesser
cantly suppressed colony formation by mouse bone
degree, MIP-1(cid:11) (40%), therefore suggesting that it is
marrow, granulocyte–macrophage, erythroid, and
a member of the mouse CC chemokine family. Mu
multipotential progenitor cells stimulated by combi-
C10isdistinguishedfromothermouseCCchemokine
nations of growth factors.
family members by an N-terminal extension contain-
ing a cluster of charged residues and by the presence
of two extra cysteineresidues in addition tothe usual
conservedfourcysteineresidues.Thesecharacteristics
BACKGROUND
are also conserved in MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2, leukotactin 1
(Lkn-1, MIP-5/HCC-2), MPIF1, and CK(cid:12)8-1, col-
Discovery
lectively named the C6 CC chemokine family.
The cDNA encoding Mu C10 was isolated from a
cDNA library prepared from myelopoietic mouse Main activities and
bone marrow cultures stimulated by GM-CSF by
pathophysiological roles
using differential screening (Orlofsky et al., 1991).
The expression of Mu C10 is not normally noted in
unstimulated mouse bone marrow cells. Mu C10 Recombinant Mu C10 is chemotactic for B cells,
begins to be expressed in the course of differentiation CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells
of bone marrow stem cells into myeloid lineages. (Orlofsky et al., 1994).
1246 Byung-S. Youn and Byoung S. Kwon
GENE AND GENE REGULATION Chromosome location
Accession numbers The Mu C10 gene has been termed Scya6 (small
inducible cytokine a6) and located on chromosome
Mu C10: M58004 11. Mu C10 is most tightly linked to Scya2, the locus
of the mouse CC chemokine family member JE,
indicatingthattheMuC10geneislocatedinthesame
regionofmousechromosome11asothermembersof
Sequence the CC chemokine superfamily.
The cDNA encoding Mu C10 is 1362bp long, of Cells and tissues that express
which 96% bp constitutes 30 UTR with multiple
the gene
copies of AT-rich sequence thought to mediate rapid
turnover of these messages. The open reading frame
and 50 UTR comprise 351bp and 49bp, respectively Bonemarrow-derivedmacrophages,whenculturedin
(Figure 1). M-CSF, express a basal level of Mu C10. When
Figure 1 Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding Mu C10 and the deduced amino
acidsequence.Thenucleotidesequenceofthemessagestrandisnumberedinthe50to30
direction. The predicted amino acid sequence is shown below the nucleotide sequence.
The putative signal peptide is underlined. Stop codon is indicated. The potential
polyadenylation signal is in a box.
Mu C10 1247
stimulated by IL-3, IL-4, or GM-CSF, the level of signal peptide. The cleavage of the signal peptide
Mu C10 can be significantly augmented. Likewise, would generate a mature protein consisting of 95
peritonealmacrophagesstimulatedbythesecytokines aminoacids.When expressedinCOSor Sf-21cells, a
express a high level of Mu C10. Interestingly, a single species corresponding to 10kDa was detected.
polyclonal mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), does The N-terminal sequence of the mature protein
not induce the Mu C10 message in these macro- remains to be determined.
phages, but significantly induces MIP-1(cid:11), JE, and
RANTES,suggesting thatMu C10 mayhave distinct
Important homologies
functions in vivo (Orlofsky et al., 1994). Murine
monocytic and/or macrophage cell lines P38801 and
WEH13 constitutively express Mu C10, whereas The mature Mu C10 harbors 28 amino acids before
RAW264.7 does not contain Mu C10 (Youn et al., the dicysteine motifs. This unique N-terminal exten-
1995). It was noted that Mu C10 levels are sion is a common characteristic of the C6 CC
significantly higher in primary trigeminal ganglion chemokine family, including MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2, Lkn-1,
(TG) cell cultures originating from HSV-1-infected CK(cid:12)8-1,andMPIF1.MuC10containssixconserved
mice, compared with uninfected ones (Carr et al., cysteines that could form three disulfide bonds
1998). Levels of C10 were significantly elevated in instead of the two disulfide bonds that are character-
lung cultures from NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester istic of the conventional CC chemokines (Figure 2).
(L-NAME)-treated mice compared with controls
(Hogaboam et al., 1997).
RECEPTOR UTILIZATION
PROTEIN
Because of its similarity in structure and chemotactic
pattern to MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2, it was anticipated that
Sequence
these two chemokines maysharea commonreceptor.
Since MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2 exclusively utilizes CCR1
The Mu C10 cDNA sequence reveals a single open (mCCR1), mCCR1-transfected HEK 293 cells were
readingframeencoding116aminoacids,ofwhichthe used for determining receptor usage. As shown in
first21aminoacidsshowcharacteristicsofaputative Figure 3a, the mouse MIP-1(cid:13) (mMIP-1(cid:11)) induces a
Figure 2 Alignment of Mu C10 with other C6 CC chemokines, MIP-1(cid:11), and MIP-1(cid:12). The
putative signal sequences are not shown. The four conserved cysteines are represented by filled
circleswhereastheconservedtwoextracysteinesaredenotedbystars.Gapswereintroducedfor
optimum alignment.
1248 Byung-S. Youn and Byoung S. Kwon
Figure 3 Recombinant Mu C10 is a potent agonist for mouse CCR1 (mCCR1) and human
CCR1 (hCCR1). cDNAs encoding mCCR1 and hCCR1were stably expressed in the human
embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). These cells were loaded with Fura-2/AM and sequentially
stimulatedwiththechemokinesindicated.Fluorescencewasmonitored.(WethankDrP.Murphy
for providing the mCCR1 cDNA.)
robust calcium flux in these cells. The stimulation of C10becausestimulationofthemCCR1cellswithMu
the mCCR1 cells with mMIP-1(cid:11) desensitizes the cells C10 desensitizes the cells to a subsequent challenge
toMuC10.Likewise,theinitialresponsivenessofthe with Mu C10. These data clearly show that, like
CCR1 cells to Mu C10 renders the cells insensitive to MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2, Mu C10 shares mCCR1 with
mMIP-1(cid:11). The calcium flux assay is specific to Mu mMIP-1(cid:11). A human C6 CC chemokine, Lkn-1
Mu C10 1249
Table1 Comparativeinfluence ofantibodies againstMuC10andMIP-1(cid:11)onthesuppressiveeffects of
Mu C10 and MIP-1(cid:11) on colony formation by human myeloid progenitor cellsa
Colony formation
(% change from control)
CFU-GM BFU-E CFU-GEMM
Control medium 50(cid:6)1 62(cid:6)4 19(cid:6)2
Anti-Mu C10 52(cid:6)6 ((cid:135)4) 57(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)8) 21(cid:6)2 ((cid:135)11)
Anti-MIP-1(cid:11) 56(cid:6)2 ((cid:135)12) 59(cid:6)3 ((cid:255)5) 22(cid:6)1 ((cid:135)16)
Mu C10(cid:135)control medium 36(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)28)(cid:3) 34(cid:6)3 ((cid:255)45)(cid:3) 10(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)47)(cid:3)
Mu C10(cid:135)anti-Mu C10 53(cid:6)5 ((cid:135)5) 59(cid:6)5 ((cid:255)5) 21(cid:6)2 ((cid:135)11)
Mu C10(cid:135)anti-MIP-1(cid:11) 38(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)24)(cid:3) 30(cid:6)3 ((cid:255)52)(cid:3) 12(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)37)(cid:3)
MIP-1(cid:11)(cid:135)control medium 36(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)28)(cid:3) 33(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)47)(cid:3) 10(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)47)(cid:3)
MIP-1(cid:11)(cid:135)anti-Mu C10 35(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)30)(cid:3) 31(cid:6)0.3 ((cid:255)50)(cid:3) 12(cid:6)1 ((cid:255)37)(cid:3)
MIP-1(cid:11)(cid:135)anti-MIP-1(cid:11) 51(cid:6)3 ((cid:135)2) 59(cid:6)4 ((cid:255)5) 20(cid:6)1 ((cid:135)5)
aLow-densitymousemarrowcellswereplatedat5(cid:2)104cells/mLwith10–30%FBSandgrowth
factorsina0.3%agaror1%methylcelluloseculturemedium.Colonyformationwasscored14days
afterincubationin5%CO andlowered(5%)O .Resultsarerepresentativeofthreeseparatesamples.
2 2
(cid:3)Significantpercentagechangefromcontrolmedium,P<0.001;othervaluesarenotsignificantly
differentfromcontrol,P<0.05.
MuC10(100ng/mL)andrmuMIP-1(cid:11)(50ng/mL)wereeachpreincubatedfor1houratroom
temperaturewitheithercontrol(McCoy’smedium)or200neutralizingunitsofeitheranti-MuC10or
anti-MIP-1(cid:11)priortoassessingtheiractivityoncolonyformationby5(cid:2)104low-densityhuman
bonemarrowcellsstimulatedasdescribedabove.
(MIP-5/HCC-2) has been shown to activate mCCR1 suppressive activity on colony formation by differ-
efficiently. Mu C10 efficiently cross-desensitizes the ent lineages of the hematopoietic progenitors
mCCR1 cells to Lkn-1. Furthermore, stimulation of (Table 1).
themCCR1cellswithMuC10desensitizesthecellsto
MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2, whereas secondary stimulation of
the mCCR1 cells with Mu C10 induces a transient
References
calciumflux,suggestingthatMuC10isamorepotent
agonist for mCCR1 than MIP-1(cid:13)/MRP-2. Just as
mMIP-1(cid:13) binds to and activates hCCR1, Mu C10 Carr, D. J. J., Noisakran, S., Halford, W. P., Lukacs, N.,
Asensio, V.,andCampbell, I.L.(1998).Cytokineandchemo-
induces a robust calcium flux in the hCCR1-
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the hCCR1 cells with hMIP-1(cid:11) or Lkn-1 desensitizes Huffnagle, G. B., Lukacs, N. W., Strieter, R. M., and
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1250 Byung-S. Youn and Byoung S. Kwon
LICENSED PRODUCTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Mu C10 is sold under the trademark of recombinant SRC funds to IRC from the Korean Ministry of
mouse C10 by R&D Systems. Science and Technology are greatly appreciated.