MRI of the Musculoskeletal System

1187 Pages·2012·73.008 MB·English

by  Thomas H. Berquist

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MRI
of the
Musculoskeletal
System
SIXTH EDITION
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MRI
of the
Musculoskeletal
System
SIXTH EDITION
EDITOR
Thomas H. Berquist, MD, FACR
Consultant,DepartmentofDiagnosticRadiology
MayoClinic
Jacksonville,Florida
ProfessorofDiagnosticRadiology
MayoMedicalSchool
CollegeofMedicine
MayoFoundation
Rochester,Minnesota
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
MRIofthemusculoskeletalsystem/editor,ThomasH.Berquist.–6thed.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Summary: “MRI of the Musculoskeletal System is a classic one-volume textbook on all aspects of MR
msk imaging. It covers basic principles of interpretation, physics, and terminology before moving through
a systematic presentation of disease region of the body. The new edition will include new pulse sequences
and artifacts in the basics chapters; enhanced anatomy artwork; and new images and figures on greater
trochanteric pain syndrome and other new disorders in the hips and thighs. United VRG. It will also
include more arthrography in the hand and shoulder chapters, and more emphasis on shoulder acroniums
and injury patterns. The infection chapter will add new infection categories and will increase emphasis on
the diabetic foot”–Provided by publisher.
ISBN978-1-4511-0918-4(hardback:alk.paper)
I.Berquist,ThomasH.(ThomasHenry),1945-
[DNLM: 1.MusculoskeletalDiseases–diagnosis. 2.MagneticResonanceImaging–methods.
3.MusculoskeletalSystem–anatomy&histology.WE141]
616.7(cid:2)07548–dc23 2011050213
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Tomylovingwife,Mary,forhercontinuedsupportof
mywritingthroughouttheyears.
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Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Contributors xiii
CHAPTER1 BasicPrinciplesandTerminologyofMagneticResonanceImaging . . . . . 1
RobertA.Pooley,JoelP.Felmlee,andRichardL.Morin
CHAPTER2 InterpretationofMagneticResonanceImages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
MarkS.CollinsandRichardL.Ehman
CHAPTER3 GeneralTechnicalConsiderationsinMusculoskeletalMRI . . . . . . . . . . 64
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER4 TheTemporomandibularJoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER5 Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
DanielF.BroderickandThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER6 Pelvis,Hips,andThigh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER7 Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER8 Foot,Ankle,andCalf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER9 ShoulderandArm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
ThomasH.BerquistandJeffreyJ.Peterson
CHAPTER10 ElbowandForearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
ThomasH.BerquistandLauraW.Bancroft
CHAPTER11 HandandWrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER12 MusculoskeletalNeoplasms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
MarkJ.KransdorfandThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER13 MusculoskeletalInfections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER14 DiffuseMarrowDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030
WilliamA.Murphy,Jr.andJamesB.VoglerIII
CHAPTER15 MiscellaneousConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093
ThomasH.Berquist
CHAPTER16 ClinicalSpectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147
ThomasH.Berquist
Index 1153
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Preface
ThefiftheditionofMRIoftheMusculoskeletalSystemwas Chapters4to11areanatomicallyorientedasinthepast
published in 2006. Since the last edition, magnet configu- editionsofthistext.Therearenumerousnewanatomicillus-
rationshavebecomemorediverseandtheuseof3.0Tesla trations and expanded technical discussions related to the
and higher field systems have become more common for specific anatomic regions in these chapters. New applica-
clinicalimaging.Newmultichannelphasedarraycoilsand tionsareincludedineachchapteraswellaspediatriccondi-
pulsesequenceshavealsobeendevelopedtoimproveimag- tions,whereappropriate.Chapter5issignificantlydifferent
ingcapabilitiesformusculoskeletalimaging.Gadoliniumis comparedwiththelasteditioninthatthereismoreemphasis
morecommonlyusedforconventionalimaging,directMR on spondyloarthropathies and other spinal and perispinal
arthrography,andangiography.Theneedtoaddresspoten- musculoskeletal conditions. The non-degenerative neuro-
tialcomplicationsofthiscontrastagent,specificallynephro- radiologyemphasishasbeenreduced.
genicsystemsclerosis,hasalsochangedtheuseofthisagent Chapter 12 provides a thorough discussion of staging
in specific clinical settings. Spectroscopy continues to lag and imaging of musculoskeletal neoplasms and tumorlike
behindasacommonlyusedtoolforclinicalstudies. conditions.Therearethoroughdiscussionsregardingtumor
The sixth edition of MRI of the Musculoskeletal System staging,imagingapproachestobenignandmalignantbone
providessignificantupdatesrelatedtoimagingapproaches and soft tissue lesions, and biopsy approaches. Chapter
andtheexpandedapplicationsofMRIformusculoskeletal 13 provides an in-depth discussion of osseous, articular,
disorders. There are approximately 50% new images and and soft tissue infections. Chapter 14 covers diffuse mar-
references in this edition. Chapter 1 continues to update row disorders. This chapter has also been updated signifi-
basic physics principles, pulse sequences, and terminol- cantlycomparedwiththefifthedition.Chapter15discusses
ogy providing an easy to read, clinically useful approach miscellaneous and evolving MR applications. The final
to these basic principles. Chapter 2 provides essentials of chapter,Chapter16,updatestheclinicalutilityofMRspec-
interpretation regarding tissue contrast, lesion conspicu- troscopy.
ity,andnecessaryapproachesforappropriateimageinter- The new and evolving techniques and applications for
pretation. Chapter 3 provides basic technology principles musculoskeletalMRIareaddressedinthisnewedition.New
to avoid redundancy in subsequent chapters. Discussions anatomic,technical,andclinicalapplicationsarereviewed.
includepatientselection,safetyissues,patientpositioning, The updated sixth edition of MRI of the Musculoskeletal
coil selection, pulse sequences, and the use of gadolinium Systemwillbeusefultostudents,residentsintraining,and
for conventional, arthrographic, and angiographic imag- all physicians responsible for requesting and interpreting
ing. Contrast reactions and concerns regarding the use of musculoskeletal MR examinations. Appropriate selection
gadolinium agents are also addressed. Chapter 3 also dis- ofMRIstudiesandoptimizationoftheiruseisincreasingly
cussessedationissuesinadultsandchildren. importantintheeraofhealthcarereform.
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