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Motivational interviewing helping people change PDF

498 Pages·2013·2.418 MB·English
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ebook THE GUILFORD PRESS Motivational interviewing applications of Motivational interviewing Stephen Rollnick and William R. Miller, Series Editors www.guilford.com/d/pp/AMI_series Since the publication of Miller and Rollnick’s classic Motivational Inter- viewing, now in its third edition, MI has been widely adopted as a tool for facilitating change. This highly practical series includes general MI resources as well as books on specific clinical contexts, problems, and pop- ulations. Each volume presents powerful MI strategies that are grounded in research and illustrated with concrete “how-to-do-it” examples. Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Psychological Problems Hal Arkowitz, Henny A. Westra, William R. Miller, and Stephen Rollnick, Editors Motivational Interviewing in Health Care: Helping Patients Change Behavior Stephen Rollnick, William R. Miller, and Christopher C. Butler Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: A Practitioner Workbook David B. Rosengren Motivational Interviewing with Adolescents and Young Adults Sylvie Naar-King and Mariann Suarez Motivational Interviewing in Social Work Practice Melinda Hohman Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Anxiety Henny A. Westra Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change, Third Edition William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick Motivational Interviewing in Groups Christopher C. Wagner and Karen S. Ingersoll, with Contributors Motivational interviewing Helping People Change th ird ed ition William R. Miller Stephen Rollnick THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London © 2013 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 The authors have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards of practice that are accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in behavioral, mental health, or medical sciences, neither the authors, nor the editor and publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained in this book with other sources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Miller, William R. (William Richard) Motivational interviewing : helping people change / by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick.—3rd ed. p. cm.—(Applications of motivational interviewing) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60918-227-4 (hard cover : alk. paper) 1. Compulsive behavior—Treatment. 2. Substance abuse— Treatment. 3. Substance abuse—Patients—Counseling of. 4. Compulsive behavior—Patients—Counseling of. 5. Motivation (Psychology) 6. Interviewing in psychiatry. I. Rollnick, Stephen, 1952– II. Title. RC533.M56 2013 616.85′84—dc23 2012024802 To our untimely departed friend and colleague, Dr. Guy Azoulai —WRM With thanks and love to Jacob, Stefan, Maya, Nathan, and Nina —SR About the Authors William R. Miller, PhD, is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Psychol- ogy and Psychiatry at the University of New Mexico. He introduced moti- vational interviewing in a 1983 article in the journal Behavioral Psycho- therapy and in the first edition of Motivational Interviewing, written with Stephen Rollnick, in 1991. Dr. Miller’s research has focused particularly on the treatment and prevention of addictions, with broader implications for the psychology of change. He is a recipient of the international Jellinek Memorial Award, two career achievement awards from the American Psy- chological Association, and an Innovators in Combating Substance Abuse Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, among many other honors. The Institute for Scientific Information lists Dr. Miller as one of the world’s most cited scientists. Stephen Rollnick, PhD, is Professor of Health Care Communication in the School of Medicine at Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. He worked as a clinical psychologist in mental health and in primary health care for many years, and then turned to how motivational interviewing could be used to improve challenging consultations in health and social care. Dr. Rollnick’s research and guidelines for good practice have been widely published, and his work on implementation continues, with a focus on children with HIV/AIDS in Africa and on pregnant teens in deprived communities. Drs. Rollnick and Miller are corecipients of the Engel Award from the American Academy on Communication in Healthcare. vi Preface to the Third Edition This edition appears 30 years after motivational interviewing (MI) first emerged. The concept of MI grew out of conversations in Norway in 1982, which led to the 1983 journal article in which MI was originally described. The first edition of this book, which focused primarily on addictions, was published in 1991. The second edition, published in 2002, was quite a dif- ferent book, addressed to preparing people for change across a broad range of problem areas. Another decade later, this third edition is as different from the second as the second was from the first. More than 25,000 articles citing MI and 200 randomized clinical trials of MI have appeared in print, most of them published since the second edition. Research has provided important new knowledge on MI processes and outcomes, the psycholin- guistics of change, and how practitioners learn MI. With all these developments, it became clear that it was time to write a new edition. How we conceptualize and teach MI has evolved substantially. Like the second edition, this edition is about facilitating change across a wide range of topics and settings. It offers our most complete explication of MI to date, beyond its more specific applications in particular settings that are addressed elsewhere (Arkowitz, Westra, Miller, & Rollnick, 2008; Hohman, 2012; Naar-King & Suarez, 2011; Rollnick, Miller, & Butler, 2008; Westra, 2012). Quite a lot is different in this edition, and more than 90% of the writ- ing is new. Instead of proposing phases and principles of MI, in this edition we describe four broad processes that this approach comprises— engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning—and have organized this book around them. We hope this four- process model helps to clarify how MI unfolds in vii viii Preface to the Third Edition actual practice. We explore how the processes of MI may be used through- out the course of change, and not only in behavior change. Important new knowledge on the underlying processes and training of MI has been incor- porated. We have explicated sustain talk as the opposite of change talk and differentiated it from signs of discord in the counseling relationship, aban- doning our earlier reliance on the concept of resistance. We also address two special counseling situations that differ somewhat from mainstream MI, but nevertheless make use of its conceptual framework and meth- ods: counseling with neutrality (Chapter 17) and developing discrepancy with people who are not (yet) ambivalent (Chapter 18). There are new case examples, a glossary of MI terms, and an updated bibliography. Additional resources are available at www.guilford.com/p/miller2. We have intention- ally given priority to the practical core and application of MI, placing our discussion of the history, theory, evidence base, and fidelity assessment at the end of the book. While we know much more than we did a decade ago about the method- ology of MI, what has not changed (and must not) is the underlying spirit of MI, the mind-set and heart-set with which it is practiced. Like a musical theme and variations, there is a consistent motif running through these three editions, even though the particular descriptions of MI evolve over time. We continue to emphasize that MI involves a collaborative partner- ship with clients, a respectful evoking of their own motivation and wisdom, and a radical acceptance recognizing that ultimately whether change hap- pens is each person’s own choice, an autonomy that cannot be taken away no matter how much one might wish to at times. To this we have added an emphasis on compassion as a fourth element of the fundamentally humane spirit with which we wish MI to be practiced. Erich Fromm has described a selfless unconditional form of loving that seeks the other’s well-being and growth. In medical ethics it is called beneficence, in Buddhism metta, in Judaism hesed (a characteristic of a mensch), in Islam rahmah, and in first- century Christianity agape (Lewis, 1960; Miller, 2000; Richardson, 2012). Whatever the name, it involves relating to those we serve in what Buber (1971) described as an I–Thou valuing manner and never as objects to be manipulated (I–It). Some of the interpersonal influence processes described in MI occur (often without awareness) in everyday discourse, and some are intentionally applied in contexts such as sales, marketing, and politics, where compassion may not be at the heart (although it is possible). In spirit, MI overlaps with millennia-old wisdom on compassion that crosses time and cultures and on how people negotiate with each other about change. Perhaps this is why clinicians who encounter MI sometimes have a feeling of recognizing it, as if it were something they had known all along. In a way, it is. What we have sought to do with MI is to make it specifiable, learnable, observable, and useful.

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