Morphological length and prosodically defective morphemes PDF
Preview Morphological length and prosodically defective morphemes
(cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Morphological Length and Prosodically Defective Morphemes (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) OXFORD STUDIES IN PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS general editors: AndrewNevins,UniversityCollegeLondon,KerenRice,UniversityofToronto advisory editors:StuartDavis,IndianaUniversity,HeatherGoad,McGillUniversity, CarlosGussenhoven,RadboudUniversity,HaruoKubozono,NationalInstituteforJapanese LanguageandLinguistics,Sun-AhJun,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,Maria-Rosa Lloret, Universitat de Barcelona, Douglas Pulleyblank, University of British Columbia, RachidRidouane,LaboratoiredePhonétiqueetPhonologie,Paris,RachelWalker,University ofSouthernCalifornia published 1 MorphologicalLengthandProsodicallyDefectiveMorphemes EvaZimmermann 2 ThePhoneticsandPhonologyofGeminateConsonants EditedbyHaruoKubozono in preparation PhonologicalSpecificationandInterfaceInterpretation EditedbyBertBotmaandMarcvanOostendorp TheStructureofNasal-StopInventories EduardoPiñeros SpeechTiming ImplicationsforTheoriesofPhonology,SpeechProduction,andSpeechMotorControl AliceTurkandStefanieShattuck-Hufnagel PhonologicalTemplatesinDevelopment MarilynVihman (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Morphological Length and Prosodically Defective Morphemes EVA ZIMMERMANN 1 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,ox26dp, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©EvaZimmermann2017 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2017 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016953471 ISBN 978–0–19–874732–1 PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents Seriespreface ix Acknowledgements x Listofglosses,abbreviations,andsymbols xi Introduction . MorphologicalLength-Manipulation .. AdditiveMLM .. SubtractiveMLM .. Adefinitionofthephenomenon . MLMasachallengefortheoreticalaccounts . Structureofthebook ThetheoryofProsodicallyDefectiveMorphemes . Previousaccounts:MLMasanepiphenomenon .. Moraaffixation .. Syllableandfootaffixation .. Subtractionbyaffixation? .. Lackofprosodicnodesintheinput .. Summary:previousaccounts . ThetheoreticalframeworkofPDM .. Avant:prosodicstructureandRichnessoftheBase .. Containment .. Morphologicalcolours .. ExcursusI:opaquemoraprojectionandcolouredcontainment .. ExcursusII:copyingasphonologicalrepairoperation .. Thelinearizationofmorphemicprosodicnodes .. Puttingthepiecestogether:thepredictionsofPDM SubtractiveMLMandProsodicallyDefectiveMorphemes . Morausurpation .. VoweldeletioninYine .. VowelshorteninginHuallagaQuechua .. DegeminationinWolof .. VowelshorteningordeletioninHungarian .. Summary:morausurpation (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) vi Contents . Defectiveintegrationofmorphemicprosodicnodes .. Defectivemoraintegration ... VoweldeletioninMauritianCreoleandModernHebrew ... ConsonantdeletioninCanelaKrahôandMebengokre ... VowelshorteninginMam ... VowelshorteningandlengthpolarityinAnywa ... Summary:defectivemoraintegration .. Defectivesyllableintegration ... ConsonantdeletioninTohonoO’odham ... Multi-segmentdeletioninMurleandAlabama ... SegmentshorteninginHausaandKorean ... ShorteningordeletioninHidatsaandLomongo ... Summary:defectivesyllableintegration .. Coexistenceofdefectivemora-andsyllable-integration:Murle . LearningPDM . Summary:subtractiveMLMandPDM ProsodicallyDefectiveMorphemesandblocking . Exceptionalnon-undergoers .. Exceptionalnon-lengtheninginDhaasanac .. Exceptionalnon-deletioninYine .. Exceptionalnon-deletionandnon-shorteninginHungarian . TherescuermorphemeinAymara .. MLMinAymara .. AnanalysisbasedonPDMforMuylaq’Aymara .. Aninsightfulcomparison:LaPazAymara .. Summary:therescuermorphemeinAymara . LexicalallomorphyinAlabama . Factorialtypology . Generalsummary:PDMandblocking Morphemecontiguity . Linearcontiguityacrossprosodictiers .. BlockingofvowellengtheninginBukusu .. AllomorphyinAsanteTwi . Verticalcontiguity:vowelsandmoras .. Introduction:certain-vs.all-vowel-lengtheninggrammars .. Certain-vowel-lengtheninglanguages ... ExceptionstomorphologicallengtheninginDiegueño ... ShortepentheticvowelsinArbizuBasque ... Shortepenthetic/underlyingvowelsinLardil ... DoublelengtheninginLaPazAymara (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents vii .. All-vowel-lengtheninglanguages ... LongepentheticvowelsinSouthernSierraMiwok ... LongepentheticvowelsinCzech ... Longepenthetic/underlyingvowelsinGuajiro ... LongepentheticvowelsinHuallagaQuechua .. Longepentheticvowelsasasevereopacityproblem .. Summary:verticalcontiguityforvowelsandmoras . Verticalcontiguity:feetandsegments .. Non-concatenativeallomorphyinUpriverHalkomelem ... Stressoverwriting ... Footaffixationinthecontinuative ... Thechoiceforoneofthefourallomorphs ... Stemswithoutunderlyingstress ... Summary:non-concatenativeallomorphyinUpriver Halkomelem .. Non-concatenativeallomorphyinRotuman .. Thelengtheninggrade(s)inChoctaw . Generalsummary:morphemecontiguity ThecompleteempiricalpictureofMLMandthelinearizationofmorphemes . (Un)attestedpatternsofMLM .. ArepresentativedatasampleforMLM .. AdditiveMLMpatterns:empiricalgeneralizations .. SubtractiveMLMpatterns:empiricalgeneralizations . Linearizationofaffixes:possiblepatternsofMLM .. AdditiveMLMatthebaseedge .. SubtractiveMLMatthebaseedge .. ‘Infixing’additiveMLMpatterns .. Multiplemorphemicprosodicnodes ... DoublelengtheninginLeggbo ... LengtheningandcopyinginOromo ... LengtheningandcopyinginBalangao ... CopyingandlengtheningatdifferentedgesinMarshallese ... Summary:multiplemorphemicprosodicnodes .. Excludednon-localMLMpatterns Acriticalreviewofalternativeaccounts . AlternativeaccountstoMLM .. TransderivationalAntifaithfulnessTheory .. RealizeMorpheme .. CophonologyTheory .. Morpheme-specificconstraints (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) viii Contents . AlternativeaccountsandtheAymararescuermorpheme .. RealizeMorpheme .. TransderivationalAntifaithfulness .. CophonologyTheory .. Morpheme-specificconstraints .. Summary:alternativeaccountsofAymara . AllomorphyinUpriverHalkomelem .. RealizeMorpheme .. TAF,CT,andLIC .. Summary:allomorphyinUpriverHalkomelem . Longepentheticvowelsasanopacityproblem .. TAF,CT,LIC,andRM .. Summary:longepentheticvowelsasanopacityproblem . Overgenerationproblems .. Non-localMLM .. Differentedgeallomorphy . Summaryanddiscussion Conclusion References Languageindex Subjectindex (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/2/2017,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Series preface OxfordStudiesinPhonologyandPhoneticsprovidesaplatformfororiginalresearch on sound structure in natural language within contemporary phonological theory and related areas of inquiry such as phonetic theory, morphological theory, the architectureofthegrammar,andcognitivescience.Contributorsareencouragedto present their work in the context of contemporary theoretical issues in a manner accessibletoarangeofpeople,includingphonologists,phoneticians,morphologists, psycholinguists, and cognitive scientists. Manuscripts should include a wealth of empiricalexamples,whererelevant,andmakefulluseofthepossibilitiesfordigital mediathatcanbeleveragedonacompanionwebsitewithaccesstomaterialssuchas soundfiles,videos,extendeddatabases,andsoftware. ThisisacompanionseriestoOxfordSurveysinPhonologyandPhonetics,which provides critical overviews of the major approaches to research topics of current interest, a discussion of their relative value, and an assessment of what degree of consensusexistsaboutanyoneofthem.TheStudiesserieswillequallyseektocombine empirical phenomena with theoretical frameworks, but its authors will propose an originallineofargumentation,oftenastheinceptionorculminationofanongoing originalresearchprogramme. Inthisbook,EvaZimmermaninvestigatesaphenomenonknownasmorphological length manipulation, or instances where segmental length alternations (e.g. vowel shorteningorlengthening)relyonmorphologicalinformation.Sheproposesthatall morphologicalderivationisatitsrootadditive.WritinginthetheoryofProsodically Defective Morphemes, Zimmermann ably demonstrates how to derive apparently non-concatenative morphology from the affixation of prosodically defective mor- phemes.Shefurtherextendstheproposaltosubtractivelengthmanipulation,where the prosodically defective integration of morphemes can result in non-realization of underlying phonological elements when they ‘usurp’ a prosodic node from their basethattheylackunderlyingly.Allvariationinsuchpatternsthusderivesfromthe underlyingprosodicstructureofdefectivemorphemesandconstraintsthatregulate theirintegration.Thistimelymonographprovidesalargedatasetoflength-alternation phenomenathatistypologicallybalancedandrepresentative.Zimmermann’selegant approachdoesjusticetothecomplexityofthetopicandprovidesasolidfoundation forresearcherswhoareinterestedinexploringthiscentralaspectofthephonology- morphologyinterface. AndrewNevins KerenRice (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)
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