Morgan & Mikhail's

101 Pages·2013·21.07 MB·English

a LANGE medical book
Clinical
Morgan & Mikhail’s
Anesthesiology
F I F T H E D I T I O N
John F. Butterworth IV, MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
VCU Health System
Richmond, Virginia
David C. Mackey, MD
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas
John D. Wasnick, MD, MPH
Steven L. Berk Endowed Chair for Excellence in Medicine
Professor and Chair
Department of Anesthesia
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
School of Medicine
Lubbock, Texas
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
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Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology, Fifth Edition
Copyright © 2013, 2006, 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the
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Previous editions copyright © 1996, 1992 by Appleton & Lange.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WCT/WCT 18 17 16 15 14 13
ISBN 978-0-07-162703-0
MHID 0-07-162703-0
ISSN 1058-4277
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Contents
Chapter Authors v | Contributors vii
Research and Review ix | Foreword xi | Preface xiii
1 The Practice of Anesthesiology 1
15 Hypotensive Agents 255
16 Local Anesthetics 263
SECTION Anesthetic Equipment
I
17 Adjuncts to Anesthesia 277
& Monitors
2 The Operating Room Environment 9 SECTION
III
Charles E. Cowles, MD Anesthetic Management
3 Breathing Systems 29
18 Preoperative Assessment, Premedication,
4 The Anesthesia Machine 43
& Perioperative Documentation 295
5 Cardiovascular Monitoring 87
19 Airway Management 309
6 Noncardiovascular Monitoring 123
20 Cardiovascular Physiology
& Anesthesia 343
SECTION
II 21 Anesthesia for Patients with
Clinical Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Disease 375
22 Anesthesia for Cardiovascular
7 Pharmacological Principles 143 Surgery 435
8 Inhalation Anesthetics 153 23 Respiratory Physiology
& Anesthesia 487
9 Intravenous Anesthetics 175
24 Anesthesia for Patients
10 Analgesic Agents 189
with Respiratory Disease 527
11 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 199
25 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery 545
12 Cholinesterase Inhibitors & Other
26 Neurophysiology & Anesthesia 575
Pharmacologic Antagonists to
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 223 27 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery 593
13 Anticholinergic Drugs 233 28 Anesthesia for Patients with
Neurologic & Psychiatric Diseases 613
14 Adrenergic Agonists & Antagonists 239
iii
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iv CONTENTS
29 Renal Physiology & Anesthesia 631
SECTION Regional Anesthesia &
IV
30 Anesthesia for Patients Pain Management
with Kidney Disease 653
31 Anesthesia for Genitourinary 45 Spinal, Epidural, & Caudal Blocks 937
Surgery 671
46 Peripheral Nerve Blocks 975
32 Hepatic Physiology & Anesthesia 691 Sarah J. Madison, MD and Brian M. Ilfeld, MD, MS
Michael Ramsay, MD, FRCA
47 Chronic Pain Management 1023
33 Anesthesia for Patients with Richard W. Rosenquist, MD
and Bruce M. Vrooman, MD
Liver Disease 707
Michael Ramsay, MD, FRCA
48 Perioperative Pain Management &
Enhanced Outcomes 1087
34 Anesthesia for Patients with
Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil and
Endocrine Disease 727
Gabriele Baldini, MD, MSc
35 Anesthesia for Patients with
Neuromuscular Disease 747
SECTION Perioperative &
V
36 Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Critical Care Medicine
Surgery 759
37 Anesthesia for Otorhinolaryngologic 49 Management of Patients with
Surgery 773 Fluid & Electrolyte Disturbances 1107
38 Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery 789 50 Acid–Base Management 1141
Edward R. Mariano, MD, MAS
51 Fluid Management &
39 Anesthesia for Trauma & Blood Component Therapy 1161
Emergency Surgery 805
52 Thermoregulation, Hypothermia,
Brian P. McGlinch, MD
& Malignant Hyperthermia 1183
40 Maternal & Fetal Physiology
53 Nutrition in Perioperative
& Anesthesia 825
& Critical Care 1193
Michael A. Frölich, MD, MS
54 Anesthetic Complications 1199
41 Obstetric Anesthesia 843
Michael A. Frölich, MD, MS
55 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 1231
Martin Giesecke, MD and Srikanth Hosur, MBBS, MD
42 Pediatric Anesthesia 877
56 Postanesthesia Care 1257
43 Geriatric Anesthesia 907
57 Critical Care 1277
44 Ambulatory, Nonoperating
Room, & Offi ce-Based 58 Safety, Quality, & Performance
Anesthesia 919 Improvement 1325
Index 1331
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Chapter Authors
Gabriele Baldini, MD, MSc Srikanth Hosur, MBBS, MD
Assistant Professor Consultant in Intensive Care
Department of Anesthesia QuestCare Intensivists
McGill University Dallas, Texas
Montreal, Quebec
Brian M. Ilfeld, MD, MS
John F. Butterworth IV, MD Professor, In Residence
Professor and Chairman Department of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Diego
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine San Diego, California
VCU Health System
Richmond, Virginia David C. Mackey, MD
Professor
Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil Department of Anesthesiology and
Professor Perioperative Medicine
Department of Anesthesia University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
McGill University Houston, Texas
Montreal, Quebec
Sarah J. Madison, MD
Charles E. Cowles, Jr, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Diego
and Perioperative Medicine San Diego, California
Chief Safety Offi cer
Perioperative Enterprise Edward R. Mariano, MD, MAS (Clinical Research)
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Associate Professor of Anesthesia
Houston, Texas Stanford University School of Medicine
Chief, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service
Michael A. Frölich, MD, MS VA Palo Alto Health Care System
Associate Professor Palo Alto, California
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Alabama at Birmingham Brian P. McGlinch, MD
Birmingham, Alabama Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Martin Giesecke, MD Mayo Clinic
M.T. “Pepper” Jenkins Professor in Anesthesiology Rochester, Minnesota
Vice Chair, University Hospitals Colonel, United States Army Reserve, Medical Corps
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management 452 Combat Support Hospital
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Fort Snelling, Minnesota
Dallas, Texas
v
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vi CHAPTER AUTHORS
Michael Ramsay, MD, FRCA Bruce M. Vrooman, MD
Chairman Department of Anesthesiology Department of Pain Management
and Pain Management Anesthesiology Institute
Baylor University Medical Center Cleveland Clinic
President Baylor Research Institute Cleveland, Ohio
Clinical Professor
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School John D. Wasnick, MD, MPH
Dallas, Texas Steven L. Berk Endowed Chair for
Excellence in Medicine
Richard W. Rosenquist, MD Professor and Chair
Chair, Pain Management Department Department of Anesthesia
Anesthesiology Institute Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Cleveland Clinic School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio Lubbock, Texas
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Contributors
Kallol Chaudhuri, MD, PhD Robert Johnston, MD
Professor Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesia Department of Anesthesia
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Lubbock, Texas Lubbock, Texas
Swapna Chaudhuri, MD, PhD Sanford Littwin, MD
Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center and Columbia
Lubbock, Texas University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
John Emhardt, MD
Department of Anesthesia Alina Nicoara, MD
Indiana University School of Medicine Assistant Professor
Indianapolis, Indiana Department of Anesthesiology
Duke University Medical Center
Suzanne N. Escudier, MD Durham, North Carolina
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesia Bettina Schmitz, MD, PhD
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Associate Professor
Lubbock, Texas Department of Anesthesia
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Aschraf N. Farag, MD Lubbock, Texas
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesia Steven L. Shafer, MD
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesia
Lubbock, Texas Stanford University School of Medicine
Palo Alto, California
Herbert Gonzalez, MD
Assistant Professor Christiane Vogt-Harenkamp, MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesia Assistant Professor
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesia
Lubbock, Texas Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Lubbock, Texas
Kyle Gunnerson, MD
Department of Anesthesiology Gary Zaloga, MD
VCU School of Medicine Global Medical Aff airs
Richmond, Virginia Baxter Healthcare
Deerfi eld, Illinois
vii
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Research and Review
Jacqueline E. Geier, MD Cecilia N. Pena, MD
Resident, Department of Anesthesiology Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center Texas Tech University Medical Center Hospital
New York, New York Lubbock, Texas
Brian Hirsch, MD Charlotte M. Walter, MD
Resident, Department of Anesthesiology Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
Texas Tech University Medical Center Texas Tech University Medical Center
Lubbock, Texas Lubbock, Texas
Shane Huff man, MD Karvier Yates, MD
Resident, Department of Anesthesiology Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
Texas Tech University Medical Center Texas Tech University Medical Center
Lubbock, Texas Lubbock, Texas
Rahul K. Mishra, MD
Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
Texas Tech University Medical Center
Lubbock, Texas
ix
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Foreword
A little more than 25 years ago, Alexander Kugushev, The fifth edition features three new chapters:
then the editor for Lange Medical Publications, Ambulatory, Nonoperating Room, and Office-
approached us to consider writing an introduc- based Anesthesia; Perioperative Pain Management
tory textbook in the specialty of anesthesiology that and Enhanced Outcomes; and Safety, Quality, and
would be part of the popular Lange series of medi- Performance Improvement. There are approxi-
cal books. Mr. Kugushev proved to be a convincing mately 70 new figures and 20 new tables. The adop-
salesman, in part by off ering his experience with tion of full color dramatically improves the aesthetic
scores of authors, all of whom opined that their most appeal of every page.
satisfying career achievement was the fathering of However, the biggest and most important
their texts. We could not agree more. change in the fifth edition is the “passing of the
Now in its fifth edition, the overall stylistic goal baton” to a distinguished and accomplished team of
of Clinical Anesthesiology remains unchanged: to be authors and editors. We were thrilled to learn that
written simply enough so that a third year medical Drs. Butterworth, Mackey, and Wasnick would be
student can understand all essential basic concepts, succeeding us. The result of their hard work proves
yet comprehensively enough to provide a strong our enthusiasm was justified as they have taken
foundation for a resident in anesthesiology. To quote Clinical Anesthesiology to a new level. We hope you,
C. Philip Larson, Jr, MD from the Foreword of the the readers, agree!
first edition: “The text is complete; nothing of conse-
quence is omitted. The writing style is precise, con- G. Edward Morgan, Jr, MD
cise and highly readable.” Maged S. Mikhail, MD
xi
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