Moral Aggregation

249 Pages·2014·0.74 MB·English

by  Iwao Hirose

MORAL AGGREGATION

MORAL AGGREGATION
Iwao Hirose
3
3
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments xi
PART ONE
A THEORY OF AGGREGATION
1.WhyAggregation? 3
1.1.AggregationinEthics 3
1.2.ExampleI:QALYAggregation 8
1.3.ExampleII:Taurek’sRescueCase 11
1.4.TheStructureofThisBook 14
2.TheStructureofAggregation 19
2.1.AggregationDefined 19
2.2.WhatIsAggregativeandWhatIsNot? 25
2.3.TheStructureofInterpersonalAggregation 31
2.3.1.InterpersonalComparability 32
2.3.2.Impartiality 36
VII
CONTENTS
2.3.3.Pareto 38
2.3.4.Continuity 39
3.FormalandSubstantiveAggregation 42
3.1.CounterexampletoInterpersonal
Aggregation:TheWorldCupCase 42
3.2.HiddenAssumptions 46
3.3.SubstantiveandFormalAggregation 51
3.4.FormalAggregationinPerspective 59
4.AggregationandtheSeparatenessofPersons 64
4.1.TheSeparatenessofPersons:Rawls’s
StrictAccount 64
4.2.TheWiderAccount 67
4.3.DefusingtheWiderAccount 73
4.4.The Separateness Objection
andContractarianism 78
4.5.Scanlon’sContractualism 84
5.Intra-PersonalAggregation 89
5.1.WhoSupportsIntra-PersonalAggregation? 89
5.2.TheStructureofIntra-PersonalAggregation 92
5.3.TheObjectiontoIntra-PersonalContinuity 96
5.4.TheObjectiontoTemporalSymmetry 98
PART TWO
THE NUMBER PROBLEM
6.Taurek’sArgumentfortheCoin-Toss 109
6.1.TaurekandtheRescueCase 109
VIII
CONTENTS
6.2.Taurek(1):ThePermissibilityClaim 112
6.3.Taurek(2):TheNo-WorseClaim 115
6.4.Taurek(3):TheEqualRespectClaim 119
6.5.TwoRemarksonTaurek’sArgument 122
6.6.CriticsofAggregation(1):Nozick 125
6.7.CriticsofAggregation(2):Rawls 128
6.8.CriticsofAggregation(3):Nagel 131
6.9.ThreeSolutionsandManyIntuitions 135
7.FourResponses 140
7.1.HowtoDealwithTaurek’sClaim? 140
7.2.KavkaonTaurek 142
7.3.TheKamm–ScanlonArgument 147
7.4.Kamm’sArgumentforBestOutcomes 161
7.5.Schelling’sProbabilisticArgument 168
8.IrrelevantUtilitiesandFormalAggregation 177
8.1.ThePrincipleofIrrelevantUtilities 177
8.2.TheObjectiontothePrincipleof
IrrelevantUtilities 184
8.3.TakingUnfairnessSeriously 188
8.4.TheLarge-ScaleRescueCaseRevisited 197
8.5.TheForceofAggregation 200
9.WeightedLotteries 203
9.1.TheThirdProposal:WeightedLotteries 203
9.2.TheAppealofWeightedLotteries 205
9.3.The Procedure of Proportional
Chances:TwoCriticisms 210
IX