Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice: Characterization Using Behavioral Tests PDF
Preview Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice: Characterization Using Behavioral Tests
N EUROMETHODS SeriesEditor WolfgangWalz UniversityofSaskatchewan Saskatoon,SK,Canada Forothertitlespublishedinthisseries,goto www.springer.com/series/7657 Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice Characterization Using Behavioral Tests Edited by Todd D. Gould University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Editor ToddD.Gould DepartmentofPsychiatry MSTF;Rm934D UniversityofMaryland SchoolofMedicine 685W.BaltimoreStreet BaltimoreMD21201 USA [email protected] ISSN0893-2336 e-ISSN1940-6045 ISBN978-1-60761-302-2 e-ISBN978-1-60761-303-9 DOI10.1007/978-1-60761-303-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009927010 #HumanaPress,apartofSpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2009 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthe publisher (Humana Press,c/o Springer ScienceþBusinessMedia, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformof informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedas such,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofgoingtopress,neither theauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybe made.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper springer.com Series Preface Under the guidance of its founders Alan Boulton and Glen Baker, the Neuromethods seriesbyHumanaPresshasbeenverysuccessfulsincethefirstvolumeappearedin1985. Inabout17years,37volumeshavebeenpublished.In2006,SpringerScienceþBusiness Media made a renewed commitment to this series. The new program will focus on methodsthatareeitheruniquetothenervoussystemandexcitablecellsorwhichneed specialconsiderationtobeappliedtotheneurosciences.Theprogramwillstrikeabalance betweenrecentandexcitingdevelopmentslikethoseconcerningnewanimalmodelsof disease, imaging, in vivo methods, and more established techniques. These include immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological technologies. New trainees in neuros- ciences still need a sound footing in these older methods in order to apply a critical approach to their results. The careful application of methods is probably the most important step in the process of scientific inquiry. In the past, new methodologies led the way in developing new disciplines in the biological and medical sciences. For example, Physiology emerged out of Anatomy in the 19th century by harnessing new methods based on the newly discovered phenomenon of electricity. Nowadays, the relationships between disciplines and methods are more complex. Methods are now widely shared between disciplines and research areas. New developments in electronic publishing also make it possible for scientists to download chapters or protocols selec- tivelywithinaveryshorttimeofencounteringthem.Thisnewapproachhasbeentaken intoaccountinthedesignofindividualvolumesandchaptersinthisseries. WolfgangWalz v Preface Mood and anxiety disorders are common brain diseases that affect over 15% of the worldpopulation.Includedinthisgroupofdiseasesaremajordepressionandbipolar disorderandgeneralizedanxiety,panic,obsessivecompulsive,andposttraumaticstress disorders. Recent years have seen a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. This increased knowledge parallels a remarkable growth in the use of the laboratory mouse as a tool to both understand the biological and genetic basis of diseases, including those of a psychiatric origin, and to develop improved treatments. While it is not possible to reproduce fully human mood or anxiety disorders in mice, the study of behavioral phenotypesmodelingaspectsofthesediseasesprovidesinvaluableinsightsintopoten- tial disease and treatment mechanisms. For this reason, the application of mouse models will increase as additional underlying susceptibility genes are discovered, new targetsformedicationsareidentified,andclinicalstudiesrevealnovelneurobiological markersthatmaybetranslatedbetweenhumansandmice. This book provides an overview of behavioral approaches that are utilized in the characterizationofmoodandanxietydisorder-relatedbehaviorsinmice.Additionally, many of the chapters describe behavioral assays that are commonly used – both in industryandacademia–toassessthepotentialantidepressantandanxiolyticefficacyof novel compounds. The contributing authors to this book are world-renowned scien- tists with broad experience in the development and application of behavioral tasks in mice. The book is intended first as a resource for scientists actively pursuing or inter- ested in establishing behavioral protocols in their laboratories. It can also serve as a referenceforthosestudents,scientists,andpractitionerswhohaveaninterestinbetter understanding the preclinical behavioral methods used in mood and anxiety research. As a cautionary note, there are a number of subtleties in mouse husbandry, handling, and testing procedures that cannot be acquired solely from following a book. Thus, those inexperienced with techniques used to test behavior in mice are encouraged to seekcollaborationwithanexperiencedbehavioralneuroscientisttohelpaddressthese underappreciatedbutsignificantexperimentalissues. ToddD.Gould vii Contents SeriesPreface........................................................ v Preface............................................................ vii Contributors........................................................ xi 1. TheOpenFieldTest................................................ 1 ToddD.Gould,DavidT.Dao,andColleenE.Kovacsics 2. AnalysisofGroomingBehaviorandItsUtilityinStudyingAnimalStress, Anxiety,andDepression............................................. 21 AmandaN.Smolinsky,CarisaL.Bergner,JustinL.LaPorte, andAllanV.Kalueff 3. DigginginMice:MarbleBurying,Burrowing,andDirectObservationReveal ChangesinMouseBehavior.......................................... 37 RobertM.J.Deacon 4. CircadianandLightModulationofBehavior ............................. 47 CaraM.Altimus,TaraA.LeGates,andSamerHattar 5. UltrasonicVocalizationsbyInfantMice:AnEthologicalExpression ofSeparationAnxiety ............................................... 67 JamesT.Winslow 6. TheForcedSwimmingTestinMice:ASuitableModeltoStudy Antidepressants.................................................... 85 MartineHasco¨etandMichelBourin 7. TheTail-SuspensionTest:AModelforCharacterizingAntidepressantActivity inMice .......................................................... 119 OliviaF.O’LearyandJohnF.Cryan 8. Stress-InducedHyperthermiaintheMouse .............................. 139 ChristiaanH.Vinkers,RuudvanOorschot,BerendOlivier, andLucianneGroenink 9. FactorsofReproducibilityofAnhedoniaInductioninaChronicStress DepressionModelinMice ........................................... 153 TatyanaStrekalovaandHarrySteinbusch 10. LearnedHelplessnessinMice......................................... 177 HymieAnismanandZulMerali 11. TheMouseLight–DarkBoxTest...................................... 197 MartineHasco¨etandMichelBourin 12. UsingtheElevatedPlusMazeasaBioassaytoAssesstheEffects ofNaturallyOccurringandExogenouslyAdministeredCompounds toInfluenceAnxiety-RelatedBehaviorsofMice........................... 225 AliciaA.Walf andCherylA.Frye 13. Novelty-InducedHypophagia......................................... 247 StephanieC.Dulawa ix x Contents 14. AcuteandChronicSocialDefeat:StressProtocolsandBehavioralTesting....... 261 AlessandroBartolomucci,EberhardFuchs,JaapM.Koolhaas,andFraukeOhl 15. ReductionofSubmissiveBehaviorModelforAntidepressantDrugTesting inMice .......................................................... 277 EwaMalatynska,AlbertPinhasov,andRichardJ.Knapp 16. MiceModelsfortheManicPoleofBipolarDisorder ....................... 297 ShlomitFlaisher-GrinbergandHaimEinat Index ................................................................ 327 Contributors HYMIE ANISMAN l Institute of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada CARAM.ALTIMUS l DepartmentofBiology,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,MD, USA ALESSANDRO BARTOLOMUCCI l Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Universita` diParma,Parma,Italy CARISAL.BERGNER l DepartmentofPhysiologyandBiophysics,GeorgetownUniversity MedicalSchool,Washington,DC,USA MICHELBOURIN l Faculte´ deMe´decine,Neurobiologiedel’Anxie´te´ etdelaDe´pression, Nantes,France JOHN F.CRYAN l School ofPharmacy,Department ofPharmacologyandTherapeutics, AlimentaryPharmabioticCentre,UniversityCollegeCork,Cork,Ireland DAVID T. DAO l Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, UniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicine,Baltimore,MD,USA ROBERTM.J.DEACON l DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,UniversityofOxford, Oxford,UK STEPHANIEC.DULAWA l CommitteeonNeurobiology,DepartmentofPsychiatry,Uni- versityofChicago,Chicago,IL,USA HAIMEINAT l CollegeofPharmacy,UniversityofMinnesota,Duluth,MN,USA SHLOMITFLAISHER-GRINBERG l CollegeofPharmacy,UniversityofMinnesota,Duluth, MN,USA CHERYL A. FRYE l Departments of Psychology, Biological Sciences and The Centers for Neuroscience and Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY,USA EBERHARD FUCHS l Clinical Neurobiology Laboratory, German Primate Center, LeibnizInstituteforPrimateResearch,Go¨ttingen,Germany TODD D. GOULD l Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, UniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicine,Baltimore,MD,USA LUCIANNE GROENINK l Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmacological Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University,Utrecht,TheNetherlands MARTINEHASCOE¨T l Faculte´ deMe´decine,Neurobiologiedel’Anxie´te´ etdelaDe´pres- sion,Nantes,France SAMER HATTAR l Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA ALLAN V. KALUEFF l Department of Physiology and Biophysics as well as the Stress Physiology and Research Center (SPaRC), Georgetown University Medical School, Washington,DC,USA xi xii Contributors RICHARDJ.KNAPP l Sanofi-Aventis,Bridgewater,NJ,USA JAAP M. KOOLHAAS l Department Behavioral Physiology, University of Groningen, Haren,TheNetherlands COLLEEN E. KOVACSICS l Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,UniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicine,Baltimore,MD,USA JUSTIN L.LAPORTE l Department ofPhysiologyand Biophysics,GeorgetownUniversity MedicalSchool,Washington,DC,USA TARAA.LEGATES l DepartmentofBiology,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,MD, USA FRAUKE OHL l Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animals, Science & Society,UniversityUtrecht,Utrecht,TheNetherlands OLIVIAF.O’LEARY l SchoolofPharmacy,DepartmentofPharmacologyandTherapeu- tics,UniversityCollegeCork,Cork,Ireland EWAMALATYNSKA l LillyResearchLaboratories,LillyCorporateCenter,Indianapolis, IN46285 ZUL MERALI l Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Hospital and the School of Psychology, and Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa,Ottawa,ON,Canada BEREND OLIVIER l Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharma- cological Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medi- cine,NewHaven,CT,USA RUUD VAN OORSCHOT l Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmacological Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University,Utrecht,TheNetherlands ALBERT PINHASOV l Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Center of Samaria,Ariel,Israel AMANDA N. SMOLINSKY l Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown UniversityMedicalSchool,Washington,DC,USA HARRY STEINBUSCH l Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and LifeSciences,MaastrichtUniversity,Maastricht,TheNetherlands TATYANASTREKALOVA l DepartmentofNeuroscience,FacultyofHealth,Medicine,and LifeSciences,MaastrichtUniversity,Maastricht,TheNetherlands CHRISTIAAN VINKERS l Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmacological Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University,Utrecht,TheNetherlands ALICIA A. WALF l Department of Psychology Research, The University at Albany, SUNY,Albany,NY,USA JAMES T. WINSLOW l NIMH IRP Neurobiology, Primate Core, National Institutes of Health(NIH),Bethesda,MD,USA
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