Table Of Content

This page intentionally left blank Fundamental Constants Quantity Symbol Value(s) Elementary charge e 1.6022 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)19 C Speed of light in vacuum c 2.9979 (cid:2) 108 m/s Permeability of vacuum (magnetic constant) m 4p (cid:2) 10(cid:3)7 N (cid:2) A(cid:3)2 0 Permittivity of vacuum (electric constant) P 8.8542 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)12 F (cid:2) m(cid:3)1 0 Gravitation constant G 6.6738 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)11 N (cid:2) m2 (cid:2) kg(cid:3)2 Planck constant h 6.6261 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)34 J (cid:2) s 4.1357 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)15 eV (cid:2) s Avogadro constant N 6.0221 (cid:2) 1023 mol(cid:3)1 A Boltzmann constant k 1.3807 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)23 J (cid:2) K(cid:3)1 Stefan-Boltzmann constant s 5.6704 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)8 W (cid:2) m(cid:3)2 (cid:2) K(cid:3)4 Atomic mass unit u 1.66053886 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)27 kg 931.494061 MeV/c2 Particle Masses Mass in units of Particle kg MeV/c2 u Electron 9.1094 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)31 0.51100 5.4858 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)4 Muon 1.8835 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)28 105.66 0.11343 Proton 1.6726 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)27 938.27 1.00728 Neutron 1.6749 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)27 939.57 1.00866 Deuteron 3.3436 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)27 1875.61 2.01355 a particle 6.6447 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)27 3727.38 4.00151 Conversion Factors 1 y (cid:4) 3.156 (cid:2) 107 s 1 T (cid:4) 104 G 1 lightyear (cid:4) 9.461 (cid:2) 1015 m 1 Ci (cid:4) 3.7 (cid:2) 1010 Bq 1 cal (cid:4) 4.186 J 1 barn (cid:4) 10(cid:3)28 m2 1 MeV/c (cid:4) 5.344 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)22 kg (cid:2) m/s 1 u (cid:4) 1.66054 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)27 kg 1 eV (cid:4) 1.6022 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)19 J 0033772211__EESS--SSEE__EEPP11--EEPP44..iinndddd EEPP22 99//2277//1111 1122::0000 PPMM Useful Combinations of Constants U (cid:4) h/2p (cid:4) 1.0546 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)34 J (cid:2) s (cid:4) 6.5821 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)16 eV (cid:2) s hc (cid:4) 1.9864 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)25 J (cid:2) m (cid:4) 1239.8 eV (cid:2) nm Uc (cid:4) 3.1615 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)26 J (cid:2) m (cid:4) 197.33 eV (cid:2) nm 1 # # (cid:4)8.9876(cid:2)109 N m2 C(cid:3)2 4pP 0 h Compton wavelength l (cid:4) (cid:4)2.4263(cid:2)10(cid:3)12 m c mc e e2 # # (cid:4)2.3071(cid:2)10(cid:3)28 J m(cid:4)1.4400(cid:2)10(cid:3)9 eV m 4pP 0 e2 1 Fine structure constant a(cid:4) (cid:4)0.0072974(cid:2) 4pP Uc 137 Bohr magneton m (cid:4) e U (cid:4)9.2704 0(cid:2)10(cid:3)24 J/T(cid:4)5.7884(cid:2)10(cid:3)5 eV/T B 2m e eU Nuclear magneton m (cid:4) (cid:4)5.0508(cid:2)10(cid:3)27 J/T N 2m p (cid:4)3.1525(cid:2)10(cid:3)8 eV/T 4pP U2 Bohr radius a (cid:4) 0 (cid:4)5.2918(cid:2)10(cid:3)11 m 0 me2 e e2 Hydrogen ground state E (cid:4) (cid:4)13.606 eV(cid:4)2.1799(cid:2)10(cid:3)18 J 0 8pP a 0 0 a2mc Rydberg constant Rq(cid:4) e (cid:4)1.09737(cid:2)107 m(cid:3)1 2h m Hydrogen Rydberg RH(cid:4) m R q(cid:4)1.09678(cid:2)107 m(cid:3)1 e Gas constant R (cid:4) N k (cid:4) 8.3145 J (cid:2) mol(cid:3)1 (cid:2) K(cid:3)1 A h # Magnetic flux quantum £ (cid:4) (cid:4)2.0678(cid:2)10(cid:3)15 T m2 0 2e Classical electron radius r (cid:4) a2a (cid:4) 2.8179 (cid:2) 10(cid:3)15 m e 0 1 kT(cid:4)2.5249(cid:2)10(cid:3)2 eV(cid:2) eV at T(cid:4)293 K 40 Note: The latest values of the fundamental constants can be found at the National Institute of Standards and Technology website at http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants 0033772211__EESS--SSEE__EEPP11--EEPP44..iinndddd EEPP33 99//2277//1111 1122::0000 PPMM M o d e r n P h y s i c s For Scientists and Engineers F o u r t h E d i t i o n Stephen T. 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