Modern history in pictures : a visual guide to the events that shaped our world

322 Pages·2012·37.5 MB·English

by  DK Publishing

s m i t h s o n i a n
A VISUAL GUIDE TO THE EVENTS THAT SHAPED OUR WORLD
s m i t h s o n i a n
A VISUAL GUIDE TO THE EVENTS THAT SHAPED OUR WORLD
LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE,
MUNICH, AND DELHI
DORLING KINDERSLEY
Senior Project Editor Daniel Mills
Senior Art Editor Vicky Short
Editors Ruth O’Rourke-Jones, Peter Preston,
Sam Priddy, Laura Wheadon
US Senior Editor Rebecca Warren
US Editor Jill Hamilton
Designers Richard Horsford, Peter Laws
Picture Researcher Sarah Hopper
Cartographer Merit Cartographic Contents
Jacket Designer Mark Cavanagh
Production Editors Ben Marcus, Rebekah Parsons-King
Production Controller Erika Pepe Irish Civil War 68
Managing Editor Julie Ferris 1900–09 The Rise of Stalin 70
Managing Art Editor Owen Peyton Jones Anglo-Boer War 10 Discovery of Tutankhamun’s
Publisher Sarah Larter
Art Director Phil Ormerod Into the Skies 12 Tomb 72
Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler A Century of Agriculture 14 Rise of Modern Turkey 74
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
Russo-Japanese War 16 The Great Depression 78
DK INDIA First Russian Revolution 18
Senior Editor Alka Ranjan
Senior Art Editor Devika Dwarkadas San Francisco Earthquake 22
Editors Rahul Ganguly, Megha Gupta
Art Editors Parul Gambhir, Vaibhav Rastogi
Production Manager Pankaj Sharma 1930–39
DTP Manager Balwant Singh Gandhi Resists British Rule 82
Senior DTP Designer Harish Aggarwal 1910–19 Rise of the Nazis 86
DTP Designer Nand Kishor
Managing Editor Rohan Sinha The Mexican Revolution 26 China at War 88
Consultant Art Director Shefali Upadhyay Race to the South Pole 28 A Century of Architecture 90
First American Edition, 2012 A Century of Cars 30 Mussolini Invades Ethiopia 92
Published in the United States by DK Publishing, Imperial China Falls 32 Abdication Crisis 96
375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Votes for Women 34 Spanish Civil War 98
12 13 14 15 16 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–181315–09/12 The Road to World War I 38 The Road to World War II 102
Copyright © 2012 Dorling Kindersley Limited The Fronts are Established 40 From Blitzkrieg to
All rights reserved
Aircraft Go to War 44 Resistance 104
The Smithsoni
oafn t nhaem Sem aitnhds olongiaon a Irnes trietguitsiotenr.ed trademarks Gallipoli Campaign 46
The Somme 48
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a Ireland’s Easter Rising 50
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), Arab Revolt 52 1940–49
without the prior written permission of both the copyright holder The Battle of Verdun 54 Battle of Britain and
and the above publisher of this book.
Revolution in Russia 56 the Blitz 108
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
The War Ends 58 War in the Atlantic 110
A catalog record for this book is available from the
Library of Congress Barbarossa: Hitler Invades
ISBN: 978-0-7566-9818-8 Russia 112
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk Attack on Pearl Harbor 114
for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. 1920–29 War in the Pacific 116
For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 375 Hudson
Street, New York, NY 10014 or
End of the War in Europe 124 Chile in Turmoil 216 Chernobyl Disaster 264
Nuclear Bombs Dropped 1960–69 Yom Kippur War 218 Revolution in the
on Japan 126 Cuban Missile Crisis 174 Watergate 220 Philippines 266
The Holocaust 128 The Swinging Sixties 176 Division of Cyprus 222 Fall of the Berlin Wall 270
The Iron Curtain Descends 132 Assassination of JFK 178 Carnation Revolution 224 Tiananmen Square 272
War in Indochina 134 The Struggle for Lebanese Civil War 228
Independence for India Civil Rights 180 USA Withdraws from
and Pakistan 136 Equality for Aboriginal Vietnam 230
A Century of Flight 138 Australians 182 Angolan Civil War 232 1990–
Berlin Blockade 140 War in Vietnam 184 Khmer Rouge 234 War in the Gulf 276
Israel Declares Statehood 142 Cultural Revolution A Century of Medicine 236 End of the Apartheid 278
China Goes Red 144 in China 188 Soviet-Afghan War 238 End of the USSR 280
Six-Day War 190 Iranian Revolution 240 War in the Balkans 282
A Century of Fashion 192 Iranian Hostage Crisis 242 UN in Somalia 286
The Year of Protests 196 Nicaraguan Revolution 244 The Chechen Crisis 288
1950–59 Prague Spring 198 Rwanda Genocide 290
The Rock and Roll Space Race 200 A Century of Music 292
Explosion 150 Clinton Impeached 294
McCarthyism 152 1980–89 9/11 and the War
The Decolonization Iran–Iraq War 248 on Terror 298
of Africa 156 1970–79 Solidarity Movement 250 Global Economic Crisis 300
Korean War 158 Decade of Terror 206 Falklands Conflict 254 Arab Spring 302
Hungarian Revolution 162 Founding of Bangladesh 208 A Century of Technology 256 Timeline 306
Suez Crisis 164 Rule of Idi Amin 210 Bhopal Disaster 258 Index 312
A Century of Cinema 166 The Troubles in Northern Ethiopian Famine 260
War in Algeria 168 Ireland 212 Glasnost Transforms
Che Spreads the Revolution 170 Massacre at the Olympics 214 the USSR 262
CONTRIBUTORS THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
R.G. Grant is a writer specializing in military history. He has published more David K. Allison is Associate Director of Curatorial Affairs at the National
than 20 titles, including DK books Battle, Soldier, Flight, and History. Museum of American History. He served as the Chair of the Division of
Sally Regan has contributed to several DK titles, including History and Information Technology and Communications from 1995 through 2009.
World War II. She is also an award-winning television documentary maker. His research specialties are military history and information technology.
Susan Kennedy’s writing includes contributions to a number of highly Established in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution—the world’s largest
popular history and science titles, including Take Me Back (DK). museum and research complex—includes 19 museums and galleries and
the National Zoological Park. The total number of objects, works of art,
Richard Overy is a celebrated historian and Professor of History at
and specimens in the Smithsonian’s collection is estimated at 137 million.
the University of Exeter in the UK. He specializes in 20th century history.
The Smithsonian is a renowned research center, dedicated to public education,
national service, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and history.
Introduction
The history of the past century is a history Today, cell phones, computers, and mass air travel are
of extraordinary contrasts, of incredible widespread, while the tribes that worked in stone live
achievements and tragic disasters. on the poorer fringes of the new world of consumption.
Progress brought new ideologies and new conflict.
The past century was the most violent in history, but it also The German socialist Karl Marx observed that modern
saw the most rapid progress in medicine, science, welfare, industrial capitalism contained a remarkable imperative
and economic security. It was the century of women’s to spread itself all over the world. Soviet and Chinese
emancipation, but one in which many women lived in leaders attempted to prove Marx wrong and establish
poverty or were forced to follow standards of dress and global communism. At its peak in the 1960s and 1970s,
behavior dictated by men. In the greatest communism represented perhaps half the
paradox of all, nuclear weapons were a The 20th century was world’s population. It was seen as so
triumph of man over nature, but possess the most violent in dangerous that, in 1941, Hitler mounted the
the power to wipe out human civilization. history, but it also bloodiest military campaign of all time to
It was also a century of rich discovery. destroy the Soviet Union, while after 1945
saw rapid progress.
In 1900 the most technologically advanced the USA and its allies fought to prevent its
communities in Europe and North America spread. In the end, Marx was proven right.
were using telephones, driving the first cars, and waiting for The Soviet bloc collapsed due to economic as well as
powered flight. In parts of South America, Africa, and military and political pressure, while China adopted its
Polynesia, however, isolated tribes still used stone tools. own form of aggressive capitalism.
Consumer capitalism perhaps proved so irresistible There has been no shortage of hatred in the history of
because it was often linked to liberal politics. Civil rights the past century. This book contains a great many images
and modern citizenship went hand-in-hand with rising living of violence, discrimination, and coercion that seem to
standards. Freedom to choose a government is also define the age. But before we write off the last hundred
freedom to choose a job, what to buy, how years as a disaster, it is important to recall
The last decades
to be educated. Countries in which these the long periods of peace, the communities
choices were not available saw cycles of saw a series of that have seen self-government, security,
dictatorship and repression, profiting the few campaigns to overturn and economic success, the advances in
at the expense of an impoverished majority. oppressive regimes, medicine and agriculture that have saved so
The last decades of the century saw a many lives, and the growth of mass culture,
most recently in the
series of campaigns to overturn such which has enlivened and enriched our world.
Middle East.
oppressive regimes, most recently in the The end of the 20th century promised
Middle East. Attempts by outside forces to international cooperation to extend political
intervene often caused more harm than good, and it was freedom, broaden economic opportunity, and preserve
popular resistance that proved most successful. Among the the global environment. If these lessons are learned, the
many heroes of this process, Nelson Mandela stands out as images of the 21st century may tell a brighter story.
a remarkable example in recognizing that, whatever crimes
the apartheid regime may have committed, vengeance and Richard Overy,
hatred would not build a better South Africa. Professor of History, University of Exeter, UK
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904
Boxer Rebellion
Defeat for China’s rebels at the hands of the Western powers
Dreyfus Affair in France
The French Establishment is accused of anti-Semitism over the imprisonment of a Jewish soldier
Paris World Fair
The artistic and technological wonders of the new century are unveiled
The Victorian Age
The death of Queen Victoria ends an era of British imperialism
Anglo-Boer War pp10–11
Britain struggles to impose its will on South Africa’s Boer republics
First Transatlantic Wireless Broadcast
Guglielmo Marconi begins to fill the world’s airways
Into the Skies pp12–13
Powered flight revolutionizes transportation
Russo-Japanese War pp16–17
The balance of power in Asia shifts