Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification PDF
Preview Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification
Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics New York and London C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and London o Behavioral and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris, and Tokyo Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 179-lmmunological Adjuvants and Vaccines edited by Gregory Gregoriadis, Anthony C. 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Pitt CSIRO Division of Food Processing North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Proceedings of the Second International Pénicillium and Aspergillus NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held May 8-12, 1989, in Baarn, The Netherlands Library of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-Publ1cat1on Data International Pénicillium and Aspergillus NATO Advanced Research Workshop (2nd : 1989 : Baarn, Netherlands) Modern concepts 1n pencilllun and asperglllus classification / edited by Robert A. Sanson and John I. Pitt. p. en. — (NATO ASI series. Series A, Life sciences ; v. 185) "Proceedings of the Second International Pénicillium and Asperglllus NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held May 8-12, 1989, In Baarn, The Netherlands"—Verso of t.p. "Published In cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4899-3581-6 1. Pénicillium—Classification—Congresses. 2. Asperglllus- -Classlfication—Congresses. I. Sanson, Robert A. II. Pitt, John I. III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. IV. Title. V. Series. QK625.M7I57 1989 589.2'3—dc20 90-7008 CIP ISBN 978-1-4899-3581-6 ISBN 978-1-4899-3579-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-3579-3 © 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher v PREFACE In our view, the First International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop held in Baarn and Amsterdam in May, 1985, was a great success. The assembly in one place of so many specialists in these two genera produced both interesting viewpoints and lively discussions. But more particularly, a remarkable cohesion of ideas emerged, borne primarily of the realisation that taxonomy has passed from the hands of the solitary morphologist. The future of taxonomy lay in collaborative and multidisciplinary studies embracing morphology, physiology and newer methodologies. The Second International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was borne logically from the first, and was held in Baarn on May 8-12, 1989. It was attended by 38 scientists from 16 countries. At this Workshop we have attempted to move further into new methods, especially by bringing together molecular biologists, medical and food mycologists and biochemists as well as more traditional taxonomists. We feel that the meeting contributed greatly to dialogue between taxonomists, and also fundamental and applied mycologists. At the meeting, we became aware that the approach to taxonomy of these genera is now becoming more pragmatic, with an increasing emphasis on consensus, and on stability of names. This is a noteworthy development, which we, as editors, welcome. So many species in Penicillium and Aspergillus are economically important in biotechnology, foods and medicine, and practical, stable taxonomy is of vital importance. These Proceedings comprise 40 papers divided into 9 chapters. Discussions relating to each paper were taped and after careful editing, have been included following the relevant paper. Some general discussion is also included. Dr Keith Seifert kindly helped us with typing the discussions, and we are extremely grateful for his assistance. We also wish to thank Mr Guido van Reenen, who prepared the layout and camera ready copy of both the Abstracts and these Proceedings. The Second International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was sponsored by the NATO ARW programme. Cosponsors were the Dutch Programmebureau Biotechnology, the Royal Academy of Sciences and some industrial companies. We wish to sincerely thank all of these sponsors. Local arrangements for the Workshop were very efficiently and smoothly organised with the assistance of Mrs Ans Spaapen-de Veer, Tineke van der Berg and Marjolein van der Horst; we wish to thank each of them, as well as many other colleagues from the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. The Editors Baarn, September 1989 vii CONTENTS Chapterl INTRODUCTION Systematics of Penicillium and Aspergillus - past, present and future - J.I.Pitt and R.A. Samson ..................... 3 Chapter 2 TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS Standardization in Penicillium identification - O. Constantinescu. ....................................................................... 17 Identification of Penicillium and Aspergillus species in mixed cultures in petri dishes using secondary metabolite profile - O. Filtenborg and J.e. Frisvad ........................................................................................... 27 Variation in Penicillium and Aspergillus conidia in relation to preparatory techniques for scanning electron and light microscopy - P. Staugaard, RA Samson and M.I. van der Horst ................................................. 39 Variants of Penicillium expansum: an analysis of cultural and microscopic characters as taxonomic criteria - J.F. Berny and G.L. Hennebert ........................................................................................................................... 49 Penicillium and Aspergillus in the food microbiology laboratory - A.P. Williams. ............................................. 67 Chapter 3 NOMENCLATURE: CONSERVATION AND STABILITY OF NAMES OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES Problems and prospects for improving the stability of names in Aspergillus and Penicillium - D.L. Hawksworth ................................................................................................................................................ 75 Proposals to conserve important species names in Aspergillus and Penicillium - J.e. Frisvad, D.L. Hawksworth, Z. Kozakiewicz, J.I. Pitt, RA Samson and Ae. Stolk.. ..................................................... 83 Nomenclature stability in Penicillium and Aspergillus, an alternative view - W. Garns .................................... 91 Chapter 4 TAXONOMIC SCHEMES OF PENICILLIUM Speciation and synonymy in Penicillium Subgenus Penicillium - towards a definitive taxonomy - J.I. Pitt and RH. Cruickshank .......................................................................................................................... 103 The systematics of the terverticillate Penicillia - Ae. Stolk, RA Samson, J.e. Frisvad and O. Filtenborg ............................................................................................................................................................ 121 A reappraisal of the terverticillate Penicillia using biochemical, physiological and morphological features - P.D. Bridge, D.L. Hawksworth, Z. Kozakiewicz, AH.S. Onions, RR.M. Paterson, M.J. Sackin and P.H.A. Sneath ................................................................................................................................. 139 Evaluation of the diagnostic features of some species of Penicillium section Divaricatum - O. Fassatiova and A. Kubatova ..................................................................................................................................................... 149 Revision of Penicillium Subgenus Furcatum based on secondary metabolites and conventional characters - J.e. Frisvad and O. Filtenborg .......................................................................................................................... 159 The Penicillium funiculosum complex - well ddined species and problematic taxa - E.S. van Reenen-Hoekstra, J.C Frisvad, RA Samson and A.C Stolk.. ..................................................... 173 Identification of Penicillium species isolated from an agricultural loess soil in Germany - H.I. Nirenberg and B. Metzler .......................................................................................................................... 193 ChapterS TAXONOMIC SCHEMES OF ASPERGILLUS Chemotaxonomy and morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus and related taxa - J.e. Frisvad and RA. Samson ............................................................................................................................................................. 201 Exocellular polysaccharides from Aspergillus fumigatus and related taxa - J.P. Debeaupuis, J. Sarfati, A Goris, D. Stynen, M. Diaquin and J.P. Latge .................................................................................................. 209 viii Biotyping of Aspergillus fumigatus and related taxa by the yeast killer system - L. PoloneIli, S. Conti, L. Campani and F. Fanti ......................................................................................................................................... 225 Analysis of components of Aspergillus and Neosartorya mycelial preparations by gel electrophoresis and western blotting procedures - V.M. Hearn, M. Moutaouakil and J.-P. Latge ...................................... 235 Taxonomy of Aspergillus section Restricta - J.I. Pitt and R.A. Samson ................................................................ 249 Isoenzyme patterns in Aspergillus flavus and closely related species - R.H. Cruickshank and J.I. Pitt ......... 259 Chapter 6 COMPUTER-ASSISTED IDENTIFICATION OF PENICILLIA AND ASPERGILLIA Computer applications in Penicillium and Aspergillus systematics - M.A. Klich ............................................. 269 Penname, a new computer key to common Penicillium species - J.I. Pitt .......................................................... 279 Identification of terverticillate Penicillia from a matrix of percent positive test results - P.D. Bridge .......... 283 Identification of Penicillium and Aspergillus computer-assisted keying - A.P. Williams ................................ 289 Chapter 7 NEW APPROACHES FOR PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SYSTEMATICS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES A review of molecular biological techniques for systematic studies of Aspergillus and Penicillium - E.J. Mullaney and M.A. Klich ........................................................................................................................... 301 RFLP analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and its use in Aspergillus systematics - JH. Croft, V. Bhattacherjee and KE. Chapman .................................................................................................................... 309 Variation in pectinolytic enzymes of the black Aspergilli: a biochemical and genetic approach -M.A. Kusters -van Someren, H.CM. Kester, R.A. Samson and J. Visser ................................................. 321 A molecular assessment of the position of Stilbothamnium in the genus Aspergillus - J. Dupont, M. Dutertre, J.-F. Lafay, M.-F. Roquebert and Y. Brygoo .................................................................................. 335 Ribosomal RNA comparisons among taxa of the terverticillate Penicillia - A. Logrieco, S.W. Peterson and D.T. Wicklow ................................................................................................................................................... 343 Ribosomal DNA restriction studies of Talaromyces species with Paecilomyces and Penicillium anamorphs - J.W. Taylor, J.I. Pitt and A.D. Hocking ...................................................................................... 357 ChapterS NEW APPROACHES FOR PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SYSTEMATICS: BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES Secondary metabolites as consistent criteria in Penicillium taxonomy and a synoptic key to Penicillium subgenus Penicillium - J.C Frisvad and O. Filtenbor& .................................................................................... 373 Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes as a chemotaxonomic aid among Aspergillus taxa: (1) Aspergillus sects. Ornati and Cremei - J. Sugiyama and K Yamatoya. ............................................................................. 385 Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes as a chemotaxonomic aid among Aspergillus taxa: (2) Aspergillus sect. Flam - K Yamatoya, J. Sugiyama and H. Kuraishi... .............................................................................. 395 The ubiquinone system as a taxonomic aid in Aspergillus and its teleomorphs - H. Kuraishi, M. Itoh, N. Tsuzaki, Y. Katayama, T. Yokoyama and J. Sugiyama ................................................................................ 407 Immunological differentiation between Penicillium and Aspergillus taxa - B. Fuhrmann, M.F. Roquebert, V. Lebreton and M. van Hoegaerden ................................................................................................................... 423 The significance of yeast extract composition on metabolite production in Penicillium - O. Filtenborg, J.C Frisvad and U. Thrane .................................................................................................................................... 433 Chapter 9 TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE TELEOMORPHS OF PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS Chemotaxonomy of Eupenicillium javanicum and related species - J.C Frisvad, R.A. Samson and A.C Stolk .................................•.................................................................................................... 445 The genus Neosartorya: differentiation by scanning electron microscopy and mycotoxin profiles - R.A. Samson, P.V. Nielsen and J.CFrisvad ................................................................................................... 455 ix Participants ...................................................................................................................................................... 469 Species Index ............................................................................................................................................... 473 1 INTRODUCTION
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