Modelling and Managing Airport Performance

302 Pages·2013·4.49 MB·English

by  Konstantinos Zografos

MODELLING AND
MANAGING AIRPORT
PERFORMANCE
Aerospace Series List
Modelling and Managing Airport Performance Zografos July 2013
Advanced Aircraft Design: Conceptual Design, Torenbeek June 2013
Analysis and Optimization of Subsonic Civil
Airplanes
Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: Kassapoglou April 2013
With applications to aerospace Structures,
Second Edition
Aircraft Systems Integration of Air-Launched Rigby April 2013
Weapons
Design and Development of Aircraft Systems, Moir and Seabridge November 2012
2nd Edition
Understanding Aerodynamics: Arguing from the McLean November 2012
Real Physics
Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach Sadraey October 2012
Introduction to UAV Systems 4e Fahlstrom and Gleason August 2012
Theory of Lift: Introductory Computational McBain August 2012
Aerodynamics with MATLAB and Octave
Sense and Avoid in UAS: Research and Applications Angelov April 2012
Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures Valasek April 2012
Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems MacIsaac and Langton July 2011
Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics, 3rd Edition Seddon and Newman July 2011
Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Tewari July 2011
Rockets
Cooperative Path Planning of Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles Tsourdos et al. November 2010
Principles of Flight for Pilots Swatton October 2010
Air Travel and Health: A Systems Perspective Seabridge et al. September 2010
Unmanned Aircraft Systems: UAVS
Design, Development and Deployment Austin April 2010
Introduction to Antenna Placement & Installations Macnamara April 2010
Principles of Flight Simulation Allerton October 2009
Aircraft Fuel Systems Langton et al. May 2009
The Global Airline Industry Belobaba April 2009
Computational Modelling and Simulation of Diston April 2009
Aircraft and the Environment: Volume 1 –
Platform Kinematics and Synthetic Environment
Handbook of Space Technology Ley, Wittmann Hallmann April 2009
Aircraft Performance Theory and Practice for Pilots Swatton August 2008
Aircraft Systems, 3rd Edition Moir & Seabridge March 2008
Introduction to Aircraft Aeroelasticity And Loads Wright & Cooper December 2007
Stability and Control of Aircraft Systems Langton September 2006
Military Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge February 2006
Design and Development of Aircraft Systems Moir & Seabridge June 2004
Aircraft Loading and Structural Layout Howe May 2004
Aircraft Display Systems Jukes December 2003
Civil Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge December 2002
MODELLING AND
MANAGING AIRPORT
PERFORMANCE
Editors
Konstantinos G. Zografos
Department of Management Science,
Lancaster University Management School,
Lancaster University, UK
Giovanni Andreatta
University of Padova, Italy
Amedeo R. Odoni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
This edition first published in 2013
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Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Modelling and managing airport performance / [edited by] Konstantinos G. Zografos, Giovanni Andreatta,
Amedeo R. Odoni.
1 online resource.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
ISBN 978-1-118-53547-9 (ePub) – ISBN 978-1-118-53585-1 (ePDF) – ISBN 978-1-118-53586-8
(MobiPocket) – ISBN 978-0-470-97418-6 (cloth) 1. Airports–Management. 2. Airports–Management–
Evaluation. 3. Airports–Management–Simulation methods. I. Zografos, Kostas G. II. Andreatta, G.
(Giovanni) III. Odoni, Amedeo R.
TL725.3.M2
387.7′360684–dc23
2013015971
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978-0-470-97418-6
Set in 10/12pt Times by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
1 2013
About the Editors
Konstantinos G. Zografos is Chair Professor at the Department of Management Science of
Lancaster University Management School (LUMS). He served as Professor and for four
years as Chairman at the Department of Management Science and Technology of the Athens
University of Economics and Business (AUEB), where he founded and directed the
Transportation Systems and Logistics (TRANSLOG) Laboratory. His professional expertise,
research and teaching interests include applications of Operations Research and Information
Systems in Transportation and Logistics with particular emphasis on: the optimization of
transportation and logistical decisions, supply chain performance assessment, airport
planning and operations, and project management. He has published more than 60 papers in
refereed academic journals and edited volumes. He has served as a member of the editorial
board of 5 academic journals and has acted as a reviewer for numerous academic journals,
including major journals in the fields of transportation, logistics and management science.
He has served as member of several Transportation Research Board (TRB) committees in the
areas of airfield and airspace capacity and delay, airport terminals and ground access, freight
transportation planning and logistics, hazardous materials transportation, and transportation
network modeling. In addition, he has been a member of European Commission Committees
for the development and management of European R&D Framework Programmes in the area
of Transport. Currently, he is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Single European
Sky ATM Research (SESAR) Joint Undertaking. He has received teaching and research
awards including the Edelman Laureate Honorary Medal in 2008 for Achievement in
Operations Research and the Management Sciences, awarded by the Institute of Operations
Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS), and the 2005 President’s Medal Award
by the British Operational Research Society. Professor Zografos has been involved as a
principal investigator in more than 60 R&D projects funded by national and international
organizations and companies in USA, Europe and Greece and he has acted as consultant to
projects funded by governmental agencies, companies and international organizations
including the European Commission, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UNECE) and EUROCONTROL.
vi About the Editors
Giovanni Andreatta is Full Professor of Operations Research at the School of Sciences of the
University of Padova (Italy). He received a Laurea degree in mathematics from the same
university and a Masters in Computer Science from the University of Bologna (Italy). He
completed his academic formation at MIT (Cambridge, MA, USA) as Visiting Scholar for
a couple of years (August 1979–July 1981). He has been teaching several courses, mostly
within the domain of Operations Research, in Italy: University of Padova (School of Sciences,
of Engineering, of Economy), University of Venice and Bicocca University in Milan. He has
been teaching for a short period at MIT (Cambridge, USA) and in other foreign universities:
University of Luanda (Angola), University of Mogadishu (Somaly), HIBA in Damascus
(Syria). He has been actively engaged in research, both in Italy and abroad, in the field of
operations research, with particular interest in the applications to air transportation problems
and has been the Scientific Leader of the Padova team for several national and European
research programs (TAPE, OPAL, THENA, SPADE, SPADE-2, AAS). He is an Associate
Editor of the Journal of Aerospace Operations and a member of national (AIRO, UMI, etc.)
and international scientific associations (ATCA, INFORMS, etc.). He has served as a member
of the Scientific Program Committee of national (such as AIRO) and international conferences
(e.g. Eurocontrol-FAA ATM Seminar, ICRAT and RIVF).
Amedeo R. Odoni is Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Professor of Civil and
Environmental Engineering at MIT. He specializes in the application of operations research
methodologies to airport planning and operations, as well as to air traffic management.
Among other positions, he has served as Co-Director of MIT’s Operations Research Center
(1985–1991), of the FAA’s National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research –
NEXTOR (1996–2002), of the Global Airline Industry Center at MIT (1999–2009), and of the
Future Urban Mobility research project of SMART, the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research
and Technology (2009–present). Dr Odoni is the author, co-author, or co-editor of nine books
and more than 100 professional publications. He served as editor-in-chief of Transportation
Science from 1985–1991, and is a current or past member of the editorial boards of many
professional journals. He is an elected member of the US National Academy of Engineering,
a Fellow of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science (INFORMS) and
the recipient of many awards for his teaching and research. He has supervised more than
50 PhD students, several of whom have won major prizes for their research and dissertations,
and has been a member of the PhD thesis committees of more than 100 other students. He has
served as consultant to national and international organizations, and to many of the busiest
airports in the world on projects related to practically every aspect of airport planning, design
and operations, as well as to air traffic management in terminal airspace.
Contents
List of Contributors xiii
Series Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
List of Abbreviations xxi
Introduction xxv
1 Modeling Airport Landside Performance 1
Anderson Ribeiro Correia and S. C. Wirasinghe
1.1 Motivation for Level of Service Modeling 1
1.2 Relationship between Measures of Capacity
and Level of Service 2
1.3 Airport Landside Components 3
1.3.1 Emplaning Curbside 3
1.3.2 Check-in Counter 5
1.3.3 Security Screening 7
1.3.4 Departure Lounge 8
1.3.5 Baggage Claim 10
1.4 Methodology for Deriving Quantitative Standards
for Individual Components 13
1.4.1 Introduction 13
1.4.2 The Method of Successive Categories 13
viii Contents
1.5 Degree of Importance of Landside Components and Attributes 21
1.5.1 Introduction 21
1.5.2 Selection of Components and Attributes 21
1.5.3 The AHP – Analytical Hierarchy Process 22
1.5.4 Descriptive Analysis of Passenger Responses 22
1.5.5 Degrees of Importance of Components and Their Attributes 23
1.6 Conclusions 25
References 25
2 A Decision Support System for Integrated Airport Performance
Assessment and Capacity Management 27
Konstantinos G. Zografos, Giovanni Andreatta, Michel J.A. van Eenige
and Michael A. Madas
2.1 Introduction and Objectives 27
2.2 SPADE DSS Description 29
2.2.1 Basic Modelling Concepts 29
2.2.2 High Level Structure 30
2.2.3 Suite of Use Cases 33
2.3 SPADE DSS Applications 37
2.3.1 SPADE DSS Application for Strategic Decision Making 37
2.3.2 SPADE DSS Application for Operational/Tactical
Decision Making 50
2.4 Conclusions 62
Acknowledgements 64
Notes 64
References 64
3 Measuring Air Traffic Management (ATM) Delays Related
to Airports: A Comparison between the US and Europe 67
John Gulding, David A. Knorr, Marc Rose, Philippe Enaud
and Holger P. Hegendoerfer
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Operations at the Main 34 US and European Airports 68
3.3 Value of Delay as a Performance Measure 70
3.3.1 On-Time/Punctuality Measures 72
3.3.2 Evolution of Scheduled Block Times 74
3.3.3 Delays by Phase of Flight 74
3.4 ATM-Related Operational Performance
at US and European Airports 76
3.4.1 Managing En-Route and Arrival Constraints
at the Departure Gate 80
3.4.2 Managing Arrival Constraints within the Last 100 NM 80
3.4.3 Managing Departure Runway Constraints – A Look
at Taxi-Out Delay 85
Contents ix
3.5 Summary and Conclusion 91
Notes 91
References 92
4 Forecasting Airport Delays 95
David K. Chin, Alius J. Meilus, Daniel Murphy,
and Prabhakar Thyagarajan
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Historical Example – JFK Summer 2007 95
4.3 Delay Forecasting Methodology 97
4.3.1 Projected Demand 97
4.3.2 Annual Service Volume Delay Model 99
4.3.3 NAS-Wide Delay Model 101
4.3.4 Results 110
4.4 Conclusion 116
References 116
5 Airport Operational Performance and Its Impact on Airline Cost 119
Mark Hansen and Bo Zou
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Quantifying Operational Performance 121
5.2.1 Arrival Delay Against Schedule and Schedule Buffer 121
5.2.2 Alternative Metrics 122
5.3 Estimating the Cost Impact of Imperfect Operational Performance 123
5.3.1 Cost Factor Approach 123
5.3.2 Aggregate Cost Approach 136
5.4 Further Issues 139
5.4.1 Cancellations 139
5.4.2 Optimal Level of Operational Performance
and System Response 140
5.5 Conclusions 141
Notes 141
References 141
6 New Methodologies for Airport Environmental Impact Analysis 145
Mark Hansen, Megan S. Ryerson and Richard F. Marchi
6.1 Introduction 145
6.2 Pollutant Overview 146
6.2.1 Noise 146
6.2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 150
6.2.3 Water Runoff 153
6.2.4 Criteria Air Pollutants 155