Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective PDF
Preview Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
The International Series in Video Computing Saad Ali · Ko Nishino Dinesh Manocha Mubarak Shah Editors Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds A Multidisciplinary Perspective The International Series in Video Computing SeriesEditor: MubarakShah,Ph.D UniversityofCentralFlorida Orlando,Florida Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6673 Saad Ali • Ko Nishino (cid:129) Dinesh Manocha Mubarak Shah Editors Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds A Multidisciplinary Perspective 123 Editors SaadAli KoNishino CenterforVisionTechnologies DepartmentofComputerScience SRIInternational DrexelUniversity Princeton,NJ,USA Philadelphia,PA,USA DineshManocha MubarakShah DepartmentofComputerScience CenterforResearchinComputerVision UniversityofNorthCarolina UniversityofCentralFlorida ChapelHill,NC,USA Orlando,FL,USA ISSN1571-5205 ISBN978-1-4614-8482-0 ISBN978-1-4614-8483-7(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-8483-7 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013952951 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Accurate analysis and synthesis of human behavior in crowds, a large and dense group of people with varying characteristics and goals, is a common requirement acrossawiderangeofdomains.Ifthehumanbehavior,includingthoseofindividu- als,smallgroupsofpeople,andeventhecrowdasawhole–canbeinterpretedand anticipatedinarbitraryreal-worldsituations,arepertoireofimportantapplications, manyofwhicharesocietallyimportant,canberealized:Forexample,perpetrators disguisedinabusystreetcornerwillbeeasilyspottedandtrackedinasurveillance videofeed;newbuildings,publicplacesandoutdoorenvironmentswillbedesigned to optimize the space use with the dynamically changing flow of people in mind, whileminimizingthetimeneedforevacuationwhenevernecessary;andthesocial psychologyofpeoplecanbestudiedbasedonlarge-scale,longitudinalobservations, andmanymore. The goal of this book is to provide the readers a comprehensive map of the current state of the art in distinct but related fields, mainly in computer vision, graphics, and evacuation dynamics, towards the common goal of better analyzing and synthesizing the pedestrian movement in dense, heterogeneous crowds. The monograph is organized into different parts that consolidate various aspects of research towards this common goal, namely the modeling, simulation, and visual analysisofcrowds.Manyofthechaptersinthesepartsextendtheworksthatwere presented at the first workshop on the same topic at International Conference on Computer Vision, 2011, and collectively cover the diverse challenges involved in betterunderstandingofhumancrowds.Ourhopeis,throughthisbook,thereaders will see the common ideas and vision as well as the different challenges and techniquesformodeling,analyzing,andsimulatingcrowds,thatwillstimulatenovel approachestogettingusastepclosertofullygrasping“crowds.” This book grew out of the first IEEE Workshop on Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Large Crowds, that was held in conjunction with International Conference of Computer Vision 2011. Therefore, first of all we would like to acknowledge the workshop program committee who worked tirelessly for the successoftheworkshopandauthorsthatcontributedtheirvaluablepiecesofwork. WewouldalsoliketothankProf.JieYangandNationalScienceFoundation(NSF) v vi Preface funding based on grant IIS-1142382 to provide travel support for the workshop. We are also grateful to our host institutions (SRI International, Drexel University, University of North Carolina and University of Central Florida) for providing a highlystimulatingresearchenvironmentthatenablespursuitofnewresearchideas anddiscoveries.Springerhasprovidedexcellentsupportthroughoutthepreparation of the book, and we would like to specially thank their staff for their support and professionalism. Many people have helped proof reading draft material and providingcommentsandsuggestions.Wewouldliketothankallofthemfortheir timeandvaluablecontributiontowardsimprovingthequalityofthebook. Princeton,NJ,USA SaadAli Philadelphia,PA,USA KoNishino ChapelHill,NC,USA DineshManocha Orlando,FL,USA MubarakShah Contents 1 Modeling,SimulationandVisualAnalysisofCrowds: AMultidisciplinaryPerspective........................................... 1 SaadAli,KoNishino,DineshManocha,andMubarakShah PartI CrowdSimulationandBehaviorModeling 2 OnForce-BasedModelingofPedestrianDynamics .................... 23 MohcineChraibi,AndreasSchadschneider, andArminSeyfried 3 ConnectionBetweenMicroscopicandMacroscopicModels .......... 43 Jan-FrederikPietschmann 4 AnalysisofCrowdDynamicswithLaboratoryExperiments.......... 67 MaikBoltes,JunZhang,andArminSeyfried 5 Modeling a Crowd of Groups: Multidisciplinary and MethodologicalChallenges .......................................... 99 StefaniaBandiniandGiuseppeVizzari 6 Scalable Solutions for Simulating, Animating, andRenderingReal-TimeCrowdsofDiverseVirtualHumans....... 123 DanielThalmann,HelenaGrillon,JonathanMaïm, andBarbaraYersin 7 Authoring Multi-actor Behaviors in Crowds withDiversePersonalities ................................................. 147 MubbasirKapadia,AlexanderShoulson,FundaDurupinar, andNormanI.Badler 8 Virtual Tawaf: A Velocity-Space-Based Solution forSimulatingHeterogeneousBehaviorinDenseCrowds............. 181 SeanCurtis,StephenJ.Guy,BasimZafar, andDineshManocha vii viii Contents PartII VisualAnalysisofCrowds 9 CrowdFlowSegmentationUsingLagrangianParticleDynamics .... 213 SaadAliandMubarakShah 10 ModelingCrowdFlowforVideoAnalysisofCrowdedScenes........ 237 KoNishinoandLouisKratz 11 Pedestrian Interaction in Tracking: The Social Force ModelandGlobalOptimizationMethods ............................... 267 LauraLeal-TaixéandBodoRosenhahn 12 SurveillanceofCrowdedEnvironments:Modelingthe CrowdbyItsGlobalProperties........................................... 295 AntoniB.ChanandNunoVasconcelos 13 Inferring Leadership from Group Dynamics UsingMarkovChainMonteCarloMethods ............................ 325 AvishyY.Carmi,LyudmilaMihaylova,FrançoisSeptier, SzeKimPang,PiniGurfil,andSimonJ.Godsill 14 CrowdCountingandProfiling:MethodologyandEvaluation........ 347 ChenChangeLoy,KeChen,ShaogangGong,andTaoXiang 15 Anomaly Detection in Crowded Scenes: A Novel FrameworkBasedonSwarmOptimizationandSocial ForceModeling ............................................................. 383 R.Raghavendra,M.Cristani,A.DelBue,E.Sangineto, andV.Murino Contributors SaadAli CenterforVisionTechnologies,SRIInternational,201WashingtonRoad, Princeton,NJ,USA NormanI.Badler UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,USA StefaniaBandini DepartmentofComputerScience,SystemsandCommunication, ComplexSystemsandArtificialIntelligence(CSAI)ResearchCenter,Universityof Milan–Bicocca,Milano,Italy Maik Boltes Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich,Germany AvishyY.Carmi DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity,Singapore AntoniB.Chan DepartmentofComputerScience,CityUniversityofHongKong, HongKong,China KeChen QueenMaryUniversityofLondon,London,UK M. Chraibi Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany M. Cristani Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia,Genova,Italy SeanCurtis UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill,USA A. Del Bue Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia,Genova,Italy FundaDurupinar UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,USA Simon J. Godsill Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,UK ShaogangGong QueenMaryUniversityofLondon,London,UK ix
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