Modeling in Computer Graphics: Methods and Applications

464 Pages·1993·19.341 MB·English

by  Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Shigeo Takahashi (auth.), Dr. Bianca Falcidieno, Prof. Dr. Tosiyasu L. Kunii (eds.)

IFIP Series on Computer Graphics
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
.l
~
Editors
~w~ 1. L. Encama~ao
G. G. Grinstein
B. Falcidieno T.L. Kunii (Eds.)
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Modeling in
Computer Graphics
Methods and Applications
With 54 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg NewYor
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona
Budapest
Dr. Bianca Falcidieno
Istituto per la Matematica Applicata
C.N.R.
Via De Marini, 6
Torre di Francia
16149 Genova, Italy
Prof. Dr. Tosiyasu L. Kunii
University of Tokyo
Dept. of Information Science
Faculty of Science
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113, Japan
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-78116-2 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-78114-8
DOl: 10.1007/ 978-3-642-78114-8
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights oft ranslation, reprinting, reuse ofiIIustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm orin any other way, and storage in data
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provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and
permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for
prosecution under the German Copyright law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication
does not imply , even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors; Cover design: H. Lopka, Ilvesheim
Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin; Binding: Liideritz & Bauer, Berlin
33/3020 5432 1 0 Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
In the history of technology, many fields have passed from an initial stage of
empirical recipes to a mature stage where work is based on formal theories and
procedures. This transition is made possible through a process called "modeling".
Also Computer Graphics as a separate field of Computer Science makes extensive
use of formal theories and procedures of modeling, often derived from related
disciplines such as mathematics and physics. Modeling makes different
application results consistent, unifying varieties of techniques and formal
approaches into a smaller number of models by generalizing and abstracting the
knowledge in Computer Graphics.
This volume presents a selection of research papers submitted to the conference
"Modeling in Computer Graphics: Methods and Applications" held at the
Research Area of the National Research Council in Genoa, Italy, on June 28 -July
1, 1993. This meeting was the ideal continuation of a previous conference
organized in Tokyo, Japan, in April 1991. The success and the variety of research
themes discussed at that meeting suggested to promote a new working
conference on methods and applications of modeling to be held in Italy two years
later.
In response to the call for papers, 45 high-quality original research papers were
submitted from 16 different countries, 1 from Australia, 1 from Canada, 3 from
China,5 from France, 3 from Germany, 3 from Israel, 5 from Italy, 6 from Japan, 1
from Macedonia, 1 from the Netherlands, 2 from Portugal, 1 from Romania, 2
from Spain, 1 from Switzerland, 2 from the UK and 8 from the USA. The
amount and distribution of the proposals shows the wide international coverage
of research in this area.
After extensive and thorough review, 27 papers were selected for presentation at
the conference and also for printing in this book. To highlight areas of particular
importance, 3 additional papers were invited.
VI
This volume is divided in two parts: Methods of Modeling and Modeling for
Applications. The first part includes new advances in modeling tools derived
from closely related disciplines. It contains the first 6 chapters: Mathematical
Modeling for Vision and Graphics (Chapter 1), Modeling with Constraints
(Chapter 2), Modeling of Dynamic Objects (Chapter 3), Geometric Modeling
(Chapter 4), Surface Modeling as a Creative Tool (Chapter 5), Curve and Surface
Modeling (Chapter 6).
Part 2 on Modeling for Applications presents modeling techniques devised for
specific applications. It includes three chapters: Modeling for Animation (Chapter
7), Modeling for CIM Applications (Chapter 8) and Modeling for Rendering
Complex Objects (Chapter 9).
The conference was promoted by IFIP WG 5.10, under the auspices of TC5 and
organized by the Institute for Applied Mathematics of the C.N.R. with the
cooperation of the Research Area of Genova.
Many people have contributed to the preparation of the conference. First of all we
would like to thank the authors who submitted papers and the invited speakers,
secondly we want to thank the members of the conference committees and the
external reviewers for their efforts in setting the standard for the quality of papers
in this volume. Our special thanks are due to Marinella Pescaglia and Sandra
Burlando for running the conference secretariat so effectively and to all assistants
and students of the I.M.A. Computer Graphics group for their collaboration to
the conference organization.
Bianca Falcidieno Tosiyasu L. Kunii
Programme Committee
Programme Chairpersons
Bianca Falcidieno (Italy) Tosiyasu L. Kunii (Japan)
Members
Sabine Coquillart (France) Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann (Switzerland)
Umberto Cugini (Italy) Jarek Rossignac (USA)
Rae Earnshaw (UK) Hans-Peter Seidel (Germany)
Jose Encarna<;ao (Germany) Wolfgang StraBer (Germany)
Olivier Faugeras (France) Tapio Takala (Finland)
Michael GroB (Germany) Zesheng Tang (China)
Leonidas Guibas (USA) Daniel Thalmann (Switzerland)
Christoph Hoffmann (USA) Marco Tomljanovich (Italy)
Masa Inakage (Japan) Vincent Torre (Italy)
List of External Reviewers
C. Bajaj A. Fortunato C. Pienovi
J. D. Boissonnat R. Franklin H. Prautzsch
P. Brianzi F. Giannini M. Protti
W. Broonsvort C. Gold E.Puppo
R. Caracciolo P. Gugliermero T.Recio
L. Casu S. Haas A. Requicha
W.Dai S. HaBinger A. Rossi
L. De Floriani A. Kaufman C. Sacchi
T. De Martino M. Ippolito H. Saji
G. Dodero A. Luciani H. Sato
W.H. Du K. Minamida M. Spagnuolo
G. Fasciolo T. Mora S. Takahashi
S. Filippi M. Mukherjee P.Vallebona
R. Fischer P. Mussio R. Veltkamp
F. Folini G. Nagy F. Winkler
Local Arrangement Committee
Chairperson: Michela Spagnuolo
Members: Caterina Pienovi, Teresa De Martino, Franca Giannini
Secretariat
Marinella Pescaglia, Sandra Burlando
Conference Organization
IFIP TC 5/WG 5.10
Institute for Applied Mathematics
National Research Council, Genoa
\±.
. -
Genoa Research Area - C.N.R. ~
Table of Contents
Part 1: Methods of Modeling
Chapter 1: Mathematical Modeling for Vision and Graphics
Area Guide Map Modeling by Manifolds and CW-complexes (invited paper)
Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Shigeo Takahashi ............................................................................... 5
The Elementary Equation of the Conjugate Transformation for the Hexagonal
Grid
Z.J. Zheng; A.J. Maeder ................................................................................................. 21
Generating Views of 3D Objects from Viewer-Centered Representations
Ronen Basri .... .......... ............ ...... ........ .... ........ .... ...... ........ ........ .......... .......... .... ........ ...... 43
Chapter 2: Modeling with Constraints
A System for Constructive Constraint-based Modelling
Lluis Solano, Pere Brunet ............................................................................................. 61
Constrained Optimization in Surface Design
Michael Kallay.. .... .... .... ...... ........ .... .... .... .... .......... ...... ........ ...... ...... ........ ...... .......... ........ 85
Adaptive Range Data Approximation by Constrained Surface Triangulation
Xin Chen, Francis Schmitt ........................................................................................... 95
Collinearity Constraints on Geometric Figures
Maharaj Mukherjee, George Nagy ................................................................................ 115
Chapter 3: Modeling of Dynamic Objects
Animation of Interacting Objects with Collisions and Prolonged Contacts
Stephane Jimenez, Annie Luciani .............................................................................. 129
Hexadecimal-Tree: A Time-Continuous 4D Interference Check Method
Naota Inamoto ............................................................................................................. 143
x
Precise Object Interactions using Solid Modeling Techniques
Mauro Figueiredo, Klaus Bohm, Jose Teixeira .............................................................. 157
On the Spherical Splines for Robot Modeling
Martin Mel/ado, Josep Tornero ................................................................................... 177
Chapter 4: Geometric Modeling
Different Combinatorial Models based on the Map Concept for the
Representation of Subsets of Cellular Complexes
Herve Elter, Pascal Lienhardt .................................................................................... 193
A Scheme for Single Instance Representation in Hierarchical Assembly Graphs
Ari Rappoport ............................................................................................................... 213
Towards the Integration of Solid and Surface Modeling by Means of
Pseudo-Boolean Operators
Luca Mari, Cristiano Sacchi ......................................................................................... 225
Chapter 5: Surface Modeling as a Creative Tool
Interacti ve Axial Deformations
Francis Lazarus, Sabine Coquillart, Pierre Jancene .................................................... 241
Surface Generation from an Irregular Network of Parametric Curves
Shigeru Kuriyama .... ........ .......... .............. .... ...... ........ ........ ...... .............. ........ .............. 255
Hybrid Symbolic and Numeric Operators as Tools for Analysis of Freeform
Surfaces
Gershon Elber, Elaine Cohen ........................................................................................ 275
Chapter 6: Curve and Surface Modeling
Smooth Surface Interpolation with Bezier Surfaces Having Rational Bezier
Points
Kenji Ueda ................................................................................................................... 289
Curvature Continuous Blend Surfaces
Gunther Greiner, Hans-Peter Seidel 309
Filling N-sided Holes
Suresh Lodha ............................................................................................................... 319
XI
Finite Representations of Real Parametric Curves and Surfaces
Chandrajit L. Bajaj, Andrew V. Royappa ................................................................... 347
Interproximation Using Cubic B-spline Curves
Fuhua Cheng, Brian A. Barsky ................. .... .... ...... ........ ...... ...... .......... .......... ........... 359
Part 2: Modeling for Applications
Chapter 7: Modeling for Animation
Animated Parameter Space
Miroslav M. Novak ...................................................................................................... 379
Modelling Facial Communication Between an Animator and a Synthetic Actor
in Real Time
N. Magnenat Thalmann, A. Cazedevals, D. Thalmann .............................................. 387
Synthesis and Animation of Human Faces: Artificial Reality in Interpersonal
Video Communication
S. Curinga, A. Grattarola, F. Lavagetto ....................................................................... 397
Chapter 8: Modeling for CIM Applications
Reasoning about Physical Solids and Processes (invited paper)
Aristides A.G. Requicha ................................................................................................ 411
Integration of Design by Features and Feature Recognition Approaches
through a Unified Model
T. De Martino, B. Falcidieno, F.Giannini, S.Hafiinger, J.Ovtcharova ........................ 423
Chapter 9: Modeling for Rendering Complex Objects
Modeling in Volume Graphics (invited paper)
Arie Kaufman, Roni Yagel, Daniel Cohen ................................................................... 441
Multi-Resolution 3D Approximations for Rendering Complex Scenes
Jarek Rossignac, Paul Borrel .......................................................................................... 455
Volume Tracing Soft Objects
Masa Jnakage ................................................................................................................ 467
List of Contributors ........................................................................................................ 477