mm: Wave Massive MIMO. A Paradigm for 5G

354 Pages·2016·14.3 MB·English

by  Shahid Mumtaz

mmWave Massive
MIMO
mmWave Massive
MIMO
A Paradigm for 5G
Editors
Shahid Mumtaz
Instituto de Telecomunicac¸o˜es, Aveiro, Portugal
Jonathan Rodriguez
Instituto de Telecomunicac¸o˜es, Aveiro, Portugal
Linglong Dai
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Contributors
B. Ai
BeijingJiaotong University, Beijing, China
T.E. Bogale
Western University, London,ON, Canada
L. Dai
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
V. Dyadyuk
CSIRO,Sydney, NSW, Australia
Z.Gao
BeijingInstitute ofTechnology, Beijing, China
X. Gao
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
K. Guan
BeijingJiaotong University, Beijing, China
S.A. Hassan
NationalUniversity ofSciences &Technology(NUST), Islamabad,Pakistan
C. Hu
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
X. Huang
University ofTechnology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
K.S. Huq
Instituto de Telecomunicac¸o˜es, Aveiro, Portugal
Y. Jay Guo
University ofTechnology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
M. Nasiri Khormuji
Huawei Technologies Sweden AB, Stockholm,Sweden
P.-H. Kuo
Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan
L.B. Le
University ofQuebec,Montreal,QC, Canada
G. Lee
Korea Advanced InstituteofScience and Technology, Daejeon, SouthKorea
G. Li
BeijingJiaotong University, Beijing, China
xiii
xiv Contributors
W. Lu
CNRS/Universit(cid:1)e Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Z. Mulk
National University ofSciences &Technology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan
S. Mumtaz
Instituto de Telecomunicac¸o˜es, Aveiro, Portugal
S.A.R.Naqvi
National University ofSciences &Technology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan
M. Di Renzo
CNRS/Universit(cid:1)e Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
J. Rodriguez
Instituto de Telecomunicac¸o˜es, Aveiro, Portugal
M.Z.Shakir
University ofthe Westof Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
B. Su
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Y. Sung
KoreaAdvanced Instituteof Science andTechnology, Daejeon, SouthKorea
X. Wang
WesternUniversity, London,ON, Canada
Z. Wang
TsinghuaUniversity, Beijing, China
T. Xie
TsinghuaUniversity, Beijing, China
C.-P. Yen
Industrial TechnologyResearchInstitute(ITRI), Hsinchu,Taiwan
D. Zhang
Waseda University, Shinjuku,Japan
J.A. Zhang
University ofTechnology Sydney, Sydney, NSW,Australia
Preface
Cellular communication systems historically have undergone a revolution about
onceeverydecade(e.g.,anentirelynewstandard),drivenbyacombinationofmar-
ketdemandsandtechnologyadvances.Wearenowthinking5Gattheexploratory
research phase, with industry consensus hinting toward commercialization around
2020withwidespread adoption by2025. Themarket isdemandingthat5Gshould
supportmuchhighersystemcapacity(100–1000(cid:1))thancurrent4Gsystems,which
already are close tothe Shannon limit in point-to-point communication systems.
Toaddressthe5Gdesigntargets,theinformationtheorysuggeststhatthereare
predominantlythreekeyapproachestoachieveseveralordersofmagnitudeincrease
insystemcapacity:(i)ultra-dense networks:the networkdensificationalready has
beenadoptedinexisting4Gwirelesscellularnetworks,whichisessentiallyknownas
smallcelltechnology,andadensernetworkcanfurtherboostthenetworkcapacity;
(ii) large quantities of new bandwidth: Migrating toward higher frequencies will
releasealargeamountofbandwidthavailabletosupporthigherthroughputtransmis-
sion.Inparticular,themillimeter-wave(“mmWave,”forcarrierfrequenciesof30–
300GHz)communicationscanbethepromisingcandidate;and(iii)highspectrum
efficiency:byusingalargenumberofantennas(100ormore),massiveMIMOcan
significantly improve the spectrum efficiency by extensively harnessing the avail-
able space resources.
Individually,eachoftheseapproachesisexpectedtoofferanorderofmagnitude
ormoreincreaseinwirelesssystemthroughputcomparedtocurrent4Gsystems.For-
tunately,thesethreesolutionsshareasymbioticconvergenceinmanyrespects:the
veryshortwavelengthofmmWavefrequenciesisattractiveformassiveMIMOsince
thephysicalsizeoftheantennaarraycanbereducedsignificantly,smallercellsizes
are appealing for short-range mmWave communications, while the large antenna
gains provided by massive MIMO is helpful to overcome the severe path loss of
mmWavesignals.Indeed,ifthereiswaytoharnesseachoftheseapproaches,then
onecouldexpecttoachievethe1000-foldincreaseincapacityfor5G.Takingastep
inthisdirection, we already have mmWavetechnology thattakesthe fundamental
designblueprintsofMIMOtechnology,andpushesuptheoperatingfrequencytothe
mmWaveband.ThisnotonlytakesasteptowardsignificantlyenhancingtheMIMO
gainofthesystem,butalsoisabletosomewhatcompensatetheseverepathlossof
mmWavefrequenciestoallowrealisticsmallcellsizestoexistwithincoverageareas
of200m.Therefore,anaturalstepwouldbetocombinemmWavecommunications
andmassiveMIMOinsynergytoharnessthepropertiesofwideareathroughputcov-
erage on demand and localized small cell hotspots through mmWave technology,
leading tothe notionof“mmWave massive MIMO,”which isexpectedtoprovide
awirelessnetworking platform constitutingawirelessnetwork ofsmallcells,pro-
viding very high speed transmission data rate.
xv
xvi Preface
Manychallengesspanningthebreadthofcommunicationstheoryandengineer-
ing,however,mustbeaddressedbeforemmWavemassiveMIMObecomesareality.
Thisbookaimstobethefirstonetosystematicallyaddressthemajorresearchchal-
lenges of mmWave massive MIMO starting from antenna design, physical layer
design,MAClayerdesign,networklayerdesign,toexperimentaltesting.Itexplains
fundamentalrequirementsfordeployingmmWavemassiveMIMOfromanarchitec-
tural,technical,andtestbedpointofview.Italsoupdatestheresearchcommunityon
themmWavemassiveMIMOroadmapaswellasnewfeaturesemergingforconsid-
erationin3GPP/IEEE.Moreover,thisbookexplorestheissuessurroundingtheidea
ofmmWavemassiveMIMO,andofferssomepotentialsolutionsandresearchdirec-
tionsinthe near future.
Inthecompilationofthisbook,theeditorshavetriedtheirbesttomakeitatthe
forefrontofmmWavemassiveMIMOresearchareaandstandardization.Thisbook
serves as the first one to comprehensively discuss the promising technology of
mmWavemassiveMIMOfor5G,andhopefullyitalsoservesasausefulreference
notonly for postgraduates studentstolearn moreinthisevolvingfield, butalsoto
stimulate mobile communication researchers toward taking further innovative
stridesin thisfield andmaketheir contributionsinthe 5Gera.
Shahid Mumtaz
Jonathan Rodriguez
Linglong Dai
Acknowledgments
Thisbookaimstobethefirstonetosystematicallyaddressthemajorresearchchal-
lengesofmmWavemassiveMIMOforfuture5Gwirelesscommunications,andthe
authorshopethatitalsowillserveasasourceofinspirationforresearcherstodrive
newbreakthroughsonthistopic.Theinspirationforthisbookstemsfromtheeditors’
experiencesattheforefrontofEuropeanresearchonmmWaveandmassiveMIMO
for future wireless systems that includes the ECOOP project (UID/EEA/50008/
2013),aninterdisciplinaryresearchinitiativefundedbytheInstitutodeTelecomu-
nicac¸o˜es(Portugal),theEuropeancollaborativeresearchprojectSPEED-5Gwiththe
grantagreementno.671705,theNationalHighTechnologyResearchandDevelop-
ment Program of China (grant no. 2014AA01A704), the International Science &
TechnologyCooperationProgramofChina(grantno.2015DFG12760),theNational
Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 61571270), and finally, the Fun-
dac¸a˜oparaaCi^enciaeaTecnologia(FCT—Portugal)withthegrantreferencenum-
ber: SFRH/BPD/100362/201, that supported thiswork.
Thisworkwouldnotbecomplete,however,ifitwerenotforthosewhocontrib-
uted along the way. The editors first would like to thank all the collaborators that
havecontributedwithchapterstowardthecompilationofthisbook,providingcom-
plementary ideas toward building a complete vision of the mmWave massive
MIMO.Moreover,aheartfeltacknowledgmentisduetothemembersofthe4TELL
ResearchGroupattheInstitutodeTelecomunicac¸o˜esandthemembersoftheBroad-
bandCommunications&SignalProcessingLaboratoryofTsinghuaUniversitywho
contributed with usefulsuggestionsand revisions.
xvii
About the Editors
Shahid Mumtaz has more than 7 years of wireless industry experience and is
currentlyworkingasaSeniorResearchScientistandTechnicalManageratInstituto
de Telecomunicac¸o˜es Aveiro, Portugal under 4TELL group. Prior to his current
position, he worked as a Research Intern at Ericsson and Huawei Research Labs
in2005inKarlskrona,Sweden.HereceivedhisMScandPhDdegreesinElectrical
&ElectronicEngineeringfromBlekingeInstituteofTechnology(BTH)Karlskrona,
SwedenandUniversityofAveiro,Portugalin2006and2011,respectively.HisMSc
and PhD degrees were funded by the Swedish government and FCT Portugal.
He has been involved in several EC R&D Projects (5GPP-Speed-5G, CoDIV,
FUTON, C2POWER, GREENET, GREEN-T, ORCALE, ROMEO, FP6, and
FP7) in the field of green communication and next generation wireless systems.
In EC projects, he holds the position of technical manager, where he oversees the
project from the scientific and technical side, managing all details of each work
package,whichgivesthemaximumimpacttotheproject’sresultsforfurtherdevel-
opment of commercial solutions. He has been also involved in two Portuguese
funded projects (SmartVision & Mobilia) in the area of networking coding and
the development of a system level simulator for the 5G wireless system. He has
several years of experience in 3GPP radio systems research with experience in
HSPA/LTE/LTE-Aandstrongtrack-recordinrelevanttechnologyfields,especially
physicallayertechnologies,LTEcellplanningandoptimization,protocolstack,and
system architecture.
Dr. Shahid research interests lie in the field of architectural enhancements to
3GPP networks (i.e., LTE-A user plan & control plan protocol stack, NAS, and
EPC),5Grelatedtechnologies,greencommunications,cognitiveradio,cooperative
networking, radio resource management, cross-layer design, Backhaul/fronthaul,
heterogeneous networks, M2M and D2D communication, and baseband digital
signal processing. He has published more than 60 publications in international
conferences, journal papers, and book chapters. He is serving as a Vice-Chair of
IEEE 5G Standardization. In 2012, he was awarded an “Alain Bensoussan”
fellowshipbytheEuropeanResearchConsortiumforInformaticsandMathematics
(ERCIM) to pursue research in communication networks for 1 year at the VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland. He is also editor of three books and served
as guest editor for special issue in IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine and
IEEECommunicationMagazine.Recently,hewasappointedaspermanentassociate
technical editor for IEEE Communication Magazine, IEEE Journal of IoT, and
the Elsevier Journal of Digital Communication and Network. He has been on the
technical program committee of different IEEE conferences, including Globecom,
ICC, and VTC, and chaired some of their symposia. He was the workshop chair
in many conferences and recipient of the 2006 IITA Scholarship, South Korea.
He isa senior IEEE member.
xix
xx About the Editors
Dr.LinglongDaireceivedaBSdegreefromZhejiangUniversityin2003,anMS
degree (with the highest honor) from the China Academy of Telecommunications
Technology (CATT) in 2006, and a PhD degree (with the highest honor) from
TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,China,in2011.From2011to2013,hewasaPostdoc-
toral Research Fellow with the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua
University, where he has been an Assistant Professor since Jul. 2013 and then an
AssociateProfessorsinceJun.2016.Hiscurrentresearchinterestsincludemassive
MIMO,millimeter-wavecommunications,multipleaccess,andsparsesignalproces-
sing. He has published over 50 IEEE journal papers and over 30 IEEE conference
papers. He also holds 13 granted patents. He has received the Outstanding PhD
GraduateofTsinghuaUniversityAwardin2011,theExcellentDoctoralDissertation
of Beijing Award in 2012, the IEEE ICC Best Paper Award in 2013, the National
Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Nomination Award in 2013, the IEEE ICC Best
PaperAwardin2014,theURSIYoungScientistAwardin2014,theIEEETransac-
tionsonBroadcastingBestPaperAwardin2015,theIEEERADIOYoungScientist
Awardin2015,theURSIAP-RASCYoungScientistAwardin2016.Hecurrently
serves as an editor of the IEEE Transactions on Communications, an editor of the
IEEECommunicationsLetters,aguesteditoroftheIEEEJournalonSelectedAreas
in Communications (the Special Issue on Millimeter Wave Communications for
Future Mobile Networks), and co-chair of the IEEE Special Interest Group (SIG)
on Signal Processing Techniques in 5G Communication Systems. He is an IEEE
seniormember.Heisparticularlydedicatedtoreproducibleresearchandhasmade
a large amount of simulation code publicly available (http://oa.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn/
dailinglong/).
Jonathan Rodriguez received his master’s degree in Electronic and Electrical
Engineering and PhD from the University of Surrey (UK), in 1998 and 2004,
respectively.In2005,hebecamearesearcherattheInstitutodeTelecomunicac¸o˜es
(IT),Portugal,wherehewasamemberoftheWirelessCommunicationsScientific
Area. In 2008, he became a senior researcher where he established the 4TELL
Research Group (http://www.av.it.pt/4TELL/), which targeted next generation
mobile networks, with key interests on green communications, radio resource
management,security,andelectroniccircuitdesign.Hehasservedasprojectcoor-
dinator for major international research projects that include Eureka LOOP and
FP7 C2POWER, while serving as technical manager for FP7 COGEU and FP7
SALUS. In 2009, he became an invited assistant professor at the University of
Aveiro (Portugal), and associate in 2015. He is author of more than 300 scientific
works,whichinclude8bookeditorials.Hisprofessionalaffiliationsinclude:senior
member of the IEEE and chartered engineer (CEng) since 2013, and fellow of the
IET (2015).
Jonathan Rodriguez is affiliated to the Instituto de Telecomunicac¸o˜es, Aveiro,
Portugal.