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MINERALREFERENCE MANUAL Ernest H. Nickel Monte C. Nichols SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC Copyright © 1991 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1991 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1991 Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number 90-21739 ISBN 978-1-4613-6634-8 AII rights reserved. No part ofthis work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photo copying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems-without written permission ofthe publisher. 16 15 14 13 12 11109876543 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nichols, Monte C., 1938- Mineral reference manual / Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-46l3-6634-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-3678-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3678-9 1. Minerals. 1. Nickel, Ernest H., 1925- . II. Title. QE372.2.N53 1991 549-dc20 90-21739 CIP Introd uction This manual represents an alphabetical listing of all valid mineral species and includes the name, formula, current status, crystal system, appearance, hardness, measured and calculated density, type locality, mineral classification, a reference to the origin of the name, an indication of related species, and selected literature references for each species including one for the crystal structure determination when available. This compilation utilizes open literature references available to the authors through May, 1990. The data herein are a subset of a comprehensive computerized database compiled by the authors and currently marketed by Aleph Enterprises under the name "MINERAL ~ a Mineral Reference Book for the IBM PC"; information on this database can be obtained from Aleph Enterprises, PO Box 213, Livermore, California, 94551, USA. Because of space limitations, only a subset of the information from the MINERAL database is provided in this manual. Systematic searches (cross referencing) based on chemical composition, crystallographic parameters, etc. are much more efficiently performed using a computer rather than a book and are not provided for here. The first item for each entry in the book is the name. Mineral names follow the recommendations of the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (CNMMN) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Following the mineral name is the chemical formula. For the chemical formulas, we have made use of information from crystal structure determinations when available, tempered by rules for the nomenclature of inorganic compounds as put forth by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The status of each mineral is indicated by a symbol in a square box immediately after the chemical formula. The following symbols are used: [KJ ~ approved by the CNMMN [1466]; [QJ ~ discredited by the CNMMN [248]; [Q] ~ "Grandfather" status, ie. minerals introduced before the formation of the CNMMN and generally accepted by the mineralogical community [1784]; [f] ~ polytypes not specifically given approved species status by the CNMMN [63]; and [g] ~ questionable status, generally reserved for those species not specifically discredited by the CNMMN but which haven't been accepted either [232]. The numbers in square brackets represent the number of minerals having the designated status. The next entry indicates the crystal system for the mineral. The abbreviations used include: Cub. ~ cubic; Tet. ~ tetragonal (quadratic); Hex. ~ hexagonal; Rhom. ~ rhombohedral; Orth. ~ orthorhombic; Mon. ~ monoclinic; Tric. ~ triclinic (anorthic); Amor. ~ amorphous. Following the crystal system is a brief description of the appearance of the mineral. This is followed by the type locality, which may be incomplete or lacking for some minerals. We have generally followed the example of Chambers World Gazetteer in that we have used the anglicized version of the country name but have tried to retain local names for subdivisions within a given country. For some local names the anglicized version of a given name is included in parentheses although most local names lack this designation. For example we use Sardegna for Sardinia, Peimonte for Piedmont, Toscana for Thscany, Roma for Rome, etc. In rare cases we have retained the English version of the name, Mt. Vesuvius, for example. Directional indications appear in parentheses and indicate the portion of a geographical subdivision in which the locality is to be found, Arizona (SW) indicates that the locality is to be found in southwestern Arizona. When used with a town or city this designation indicates the direction in which the locality is to be found, Thcson (SW) indicates that the locality is to be found southwest of Thcson. Next comes the hardness (Mohs), and the measured and calculated densities (Dm and Dc respectively). The multiplicity of approaches to the designation of mineral groups has resulted in no small confusion (disagreement), and has caused us to avoid using mineral group names in this edition of the book. We look forward to a consensus on this issue by the mineralogical community. In place of groups we have chosen to use a classification based on a combination iv Introduction of a Roman numeral, an alphabetic character and an Arabic numeral. This designation constitutes the classification symbol based on the system in Mineralogische Tabellen by Hugo Strunz (a summary is shown in Appendix A). The Roman numeral and alphabetical character divide the minerals into broad groups based mainly on chemistry, with the silicate subdivision based on silicate polymerization. The Arabic numeral specifies the group to which a particular mineral belongs; a group is defined mainly on the basis of crystallographic similarities, but minerals with similar chemical compositions are sometimes included in the group even though they do not exhibit crystallographic affinities with other members of the class. The next entry gives the name of the author of the mineral and the date of its introduction into the literature. In some cases where a mineral has been redescribed or the name has been changed from the original, this entry will reflect the person and time when this was done. This is followed by a reference to what we have tried to make the latest, or most authoritative, literature report. We have attempted to include at least one reference for each species. If there is a second reference following the first, it will be a reference to the determination of the crystal structure. The abbreviations used in the references are given in Appendix B. The final entry, when present, gives the names of similar or related minerals and is preceded by the deSignation "See also" . There are two other entry formats included in the body of the text. One consists of minerals which have been discredited by the CNMMN since its inception and includes the discredited name, the reason it was discredited, a reference entry, and the originator of the mineral name. The other type of entry is for names which, in the past, were considered mineral names but are now generally accepted to represent groups of minerals, mica for example. The mineral name is present in a non-bold font for both of these categories as contrasted to the valid species for which the name is in a bold-faced font. Including these two formats, there are more than 3800 mineral entries represented in this book. An abridged synonymy is included as Appendix C. The names included consist mainly of more "recent" synonyms, especially for minerals whose names may have been changed in the recent past. It is designed to be consulted when a reader fails to find a given name in the main text. On the page following this introduction we include an abbreviated listing of elements and elemental groupings along with the number of occurrences of each in the chemical formulas of this book and the MINERAL database mentioned above. A number of crystal drawings are also included at various places throughout the book. While many of them have been patterned after drawings in the mineralogical literature, they have all been completely redrawn using the SHAPE program available from Eric Dowty, 521 Hidden Valley Road, Kingsport, Tennessee, 37663, USA. The authors appreciate the advice and kind assistance of the following people in the preparation of this manuscript: Chr. W. Bauditz, Vejby, Denmark; Pierre Perroud, Geniwe, Switzerland; Jiri Just, Perth, Australia; Richard Thomssen, Carson City, Nevada, USA; Peter Embrey, London, England; Jessie Hardman, Long Beach, California, USA; and Barbara Nichols, Livermore, California, USA. All of these colleagues made helpful comments and substantive contributions, especially concerning type localities. We also acknowledge John Sampson White at the Smithsonian and Carl Francis at Harvard for their assistance in making type locality source materials available to us. Naturally any remaining errors or omissions are ours. We welcome readers' suggestions or corrections for all areas of this book, especially for type locality information where our goal is to assemble a definitive list prior to the next edition of this manual. Any correspondance concerning this book can be directed to us at the address below. Ernest H. Nickel Aleph Enterprises Monte C. Nichols PO Box 213 Livermore California 94551 USA Elemental Table "Element" Symbol No. "Element" Symbol No. Aluminum Al 787 Nickel Ni 162 Amide NH2 3 Niobium Nb 109 Ammonium NH4 41 Nitrate N03 17 Antimony Sb 233 Osmium Os 12 Antimony-oxygen SbOx 60 Oxonium H30 15 Arsenate As04 221 Oxygen ° 1337 Arsenic As 446 Palladium Pd 91 Arsenite As03 21 Phosphate P04 422 Barium Ba 154 Phosphorus P 429 Beryllium Be 78 Phosphorus-oxygen POx 424 Bismuth Bi 217 Platinum Pt 50 Bismuth-oxygen BiOx 28 Potassium K 302 Boron B 179 Praseodymium Pr Boron-oxygen BOx 179 Rhenium Re 4 Bromine Br 9 Rhodium Rh 19 Cadmium Cd 9 Ruthenium Ru 15 Calcium Ca 935 Samarium Sm 3 Carbon C 55 Scandium Sc 6 Carbonate C03 243 Selenium Se 101 Cerium Ce 128 Selenium-oxygen SeOx 15 Cesium Cs 9 Silicon Si 1018 Chlorine CI 232 Silicon-oxygen SiOx 992 Chromium Cr 81 Silver Ag 177 Chromium-oxygen CrOx 47 Sodium Na 595 Cobalt Co 107 Strontium Sr 75 Copper Cu 530 Sulfate S04 353 Dysprosium Dy 3 Sulfur S 909 Erbium Er 2 Sulfur-oxygen SOx 357 Fluorine F 246 Tantalum Ta 66 Gadolinium Gd 2 Tellurium Te 167 Gallium Ga 6 Tellurium-oxygen TeOx 50 Germanium Ge 23 Thallium TI 35 Germanium-oxygen GeOx 11 Thorium Th 38 Gold Au 42 Tin Sn 105 Hydroxyl OH 1362 Titanium Ti 233 Indium In 7 Titanium-oxygen TiOx 50 Iodine I 14 Tungstate W04 12 Iodate 103 8 Tungstite W03 3 Iridium Ir 23 Tungsten W 29 Iron Fe 997 Tungsten-oxygen wax 25 Lanthanum La 62 Uranium U 214 Lead Pb 441 Uranium-oxygen UOx 202 Lithium Li 69 Uranyl U02 163 Magnesium Mg 599 Vanadium V 137 Manganese Mn 448 Vanadium-oxygen VOx 127 Mercury Hg 70 Ytterbium Yb 5 Molybdenum Mo 37 Yttrium Y 88 Molybdenum-oxygen MoOx 25 Zinc Zn 199 Neodymium Nd 33 Zirconium Zr 68 Abbreviated listing of name, symbol(s), and the number of occurences of each element or elemental grouping in the MINERAL database as of May 1990. A Abelsonite, NiC31H32N4' [KJ Tric. Semi-metallic/adamantine pink-purple, reddish-brown. Green River Formation, Uintah Co., Utah, USA. H= < 3, Dm= 1.4, Dc= 1.45, IXD 01. Milton et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 930. Abernathyite, K(U02)As0403H20, [QI Tet. Vitreous yellow. Fuemrole mine, Temple Mt., Emery Co., Utah, USA. H= 2-3, Dm=?, Dc= 3.572, VIID 20b. Thompson et al., 1956. Am. Min. 41 (1956), 82. Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1578. Abhurite, Sn30CI2(OH)2' [KJ Rhom. Transparent colorless. Jiddah, Red Sea, Sharm Abhur, Saudi Arabia. H=?, Dm= 4.29, Dc= 4.34, mc 15. Matzko et al., 1985. Can. Min. 23 (1985), 233. Acanthite, Ag2S, [QI Mon. Metallic black; grey in reflected light. H= 2-2.5, Dm= 7.2, Dc= 7.255, IIA 03. Kenngott, 1855. Can. Min. 12 (1974), 365. Struct. Repts. 32A (1967), 123. Acetamide, CH3CONH2, [KJ Hex. Translucent colorless/grey. L'vov-Volynskii Basin, USSR. H= 1-1.5, Dm= 1.17, Dc= 1.15, IXA 03. Srebrodol'skii,1975. Am. Min. 61 (1976), 338 (Abst.). Achavalite, FeSe, @] Hex. Metallic. Cacheuta, Argentina. H=?, Dm= 6.53, Dc=6.716, lIB 09a. Olsacher,1939. N.Jb.Min.Mh. (1972),276. Achrematite, [ill A mixture of mimetite and wulfenite. Am. Min. 62 (1977), 170. Mallet, 1875. Actinolite, C~(Mg, FehSis022(OH)2' [QI Mon. Vitreous green, greyish-green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.27, Dc= 3.22, VmD 05b. Kirwan, 1794. DHZ (1963), v.2, 249. Zts. Krist. 133 (1971), 273. See also Tremolite, Ferro-actinolite. Acuminite, SrAIF4(OH)oH20, [KJ Mon. Transparent colorless. Ivigtut, Greenland (SW). H= 3.5, Dm= 3.29, Dc= 3.305, mc 09. Pauly & Petersen, 1987. Am. Min. 73(1988), 1492 (Abst.). Adamite, Zn2As04(OH), [QI Orth. Vitreous yellow, brownish-yellow, green, white, etc. Chaiiarcillo, Chile. H= 3.5, Dm = 4.434, Dc= 4.45, VIIB 04. Friedel, 1866. Acta Cryst. B34 (1978), 715. Am. Min. 61 (1976), 979. See also Eveite, Olivenite, Paradamite. Adelite, CaMgAs040H, [QI Orth. Resinous colorless, grey, bluish-grey, yellow, light green. L8.ngban mine, Filipstad (near), Viirmland, Sweden. H= 5, Dm= 3.73, Dc=3.74, VIIB lIb. Sjogren, 1891. JCPDS 24-208. Admontite, Mg2B12020 o1 5H20, [!J Mon. Translucent colorless. Schildmaur, Admont (near), Austria. H= 2-3, Dm= 1.82, Dc= 1.875, Vc 02. Walenta, 1979. Am. Min. 65(1980),205 (Abst.). See also Mcallisterite. Aegirine, NaFeSi206, [QI Mon. Vitreous/resinous dark green, greenish-black. Rundemyr, Eker, Kongsberg (near), Buskerud, Norway. H= 6, Dm= 3.5, Dc= 3.577, VIIID 01a. Berzelius, 1835. DHZ, 2nd ed.(1978), v.2A, 482. MSA Spec. Paper 2 (1969), 31. Aenigmatite, Na2Fe5T iSi602o, [QI Tric. Vitreous black. Ilimaussaq intrusion, Naujakasik, Tunugdliarfik, Greenland (S). H= 5.5-6, Dm= 3.8, Dc= 3.724, VIIID 07. Breithaupt, 1865. Am. Min. 59 (1974), 820. Am. Min. 56 (1971), 427. Aerinite, Ca4(Al, Fe, Mg)lQSi12036(OHh2C03 o1 2H20, [KJ Mon. Translucent blue, blue-green. Caserras, Aragon, Spain. H= 3, Dm= 2.48, Dc= 2.47, VIIID Olb. von Lasaulx, 1876. Am. Min. 73(1988), 1498 (Abst.). Aerugite, Nis.5As3016' [Q] Rhom. Translucent blue-green. Terres mine, St. Ausdell, Cornwall, England and/or Johanngeorgenstadt, Sachsen (Saxony), Germany. H=?, Dm= 5.85, Dc= 5.772, VIIB 06. Adam, 1869. Min. Mag. 35 (1965), 72. Acta Cryst. B45 (1989), 201. 2 Aeschynite-(Ce ) Aeschynite-(Ce), (Ce, Ca, Fe, Th)(Ti, Nbh(0, OH)6' @] Orth. Sub-metallic resinous black, brown, yellow. Miask, limen Mts., USSR. H= 5-6, Dm= 4.96, Dc= 6.04, IVD 11. Berzelius, 1828. Dana, 7th ed.(1944), v.1, 793. Struct. Repts. 27 (1962), 535. See also Rynersonite, Vigezzite, Aeschynite-(Y), Niobo-aeschynite-(Ce). Aeschynite-(Nd), (Nd, Ce, Ca)(Ti, Nb)2(O, OH)6' [g] Syst=? Adamantine dark/light brown. Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. H= 5-6, Dm= 4.8, Dc=?, IVD 11. Zhang & Tao, 1982. Am. Min. 69(1984), 565 (Abst.). Aeschynite-(Y), (Y,Ca,Fe, Th)(Ti,Nbh(0,OH)6' IAl Orth. Sub-metallic resinous black, brown, yellow. Urstad, Hitterii, Norway (S). H= 5-6, Dm= 4.95, Dc=?, IVD 11. Levinson, 1966. Strunz (1970), 208. See also Aeschynite-(Ce), Tantalaeschynite-(Y). Afghanite, (Na, Ca, K)s(Si, Alh2024 (Cl, S04ls onH20, IAl Hex. Transparent bluish. Lapis-lazuli mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakshan, Afghanistan. H= 5.5-6, Dm= 2.55, Dc= 2.65, VIllF 05. Bariand et al., 1968. Can. Min. 17 (1979), 47. Afwillite, Ca3(Si03)2(OH)202H20, @] Mon. Vitreous colorless, white. Dutoitspan mine, Kimberley, South Africa. H= 4.5, Dm= 2.630, Dc= 2.646, VIllA 10. Parry & Wright, 1925. Min. Jour. 14 (1989), 279. Acta Cryst. B32 (1976),475. Agardite-(La), (Cu, Ca)6La(As04ls(OH)6 o3H20, IAl Hex. Translucent colorless, yellowish-green, bluish-green. Red Cloud Fluorite mine, Lincoln Co., New Mexico, USA. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIm 17. Fehr & Hochleitner, 1984. Am. Min. 70(1985), 871 (Abst.). Agardite-(Y), Cu6(Y, Ca)(As04h(0Hk3H20, IAl Hex. Translucent blue-green. Bou Skour mine, Jbel Sarhro, Morocco. H=?, Dm= 3.72, Dc= 3.61, VIID 17. Dietrich et al., 1969. N.Jb.Min.Mh. (1983),385. Acta Cryst. C41 (1985), 161. Agrellite, NaCa2Si40lOF, IAl Tric. Pearly white, greyish, greenish-white. Kipawa River, Timiskaming Co., Quebec, Canada. H= 5.5, Dm= 2.902, Dc= 2.887, VIllD 18. Gittins et al., 1976. Can. Min. 14 (1976), 120. Am. Min. 64 (1979), 563. Agrinierite, (K2, Ca, Sr)(U02h04 o4H20, IAl Orth. Translucent orange. Margnac mine, Compreignac, Haute Vienne, France. H=?, Dm= 5.7, Dc= 5.62, IVF 12. Cesbron et al., 1972. Min. Mag. 38 (1972), 781. Aguilarite, Ag4SeS, @] Orth. Metallic black; white in reflected light. San Carlos mine, Guanajuato, Mexico. H= 2.5, Dm= 7.586, Dc= 7.562, IIA 03. Genth, 1891. Can. Min. 12 (1974), 365. Aheylite, (Fe, Zn)AI6(P04)4(OH)s o4H20, IAl Tric. Translucent pale blue-green. Mira Flores mine, Huanuni dist., Oruro, Bolivia. H=?, Dm= 2.85, Dc= 2.89, VIID 08. Foord & Taggart, 1986. IMA 1986, Abst. p. 102. Ahlfeldite, NiSe03 o2H20, @] Mon. Vitreous brownish-pink, red. Colquechaca, POtOSI, Bolivia. H= 2-2.5, Dm= 3.37, Dc= 3.51, VIG 01. Herzenberg, 1935. Can. Min. 12 (1974), 304. See also Cobaltomenite. Aikinite, CuPbBiS3, @] Orth. Metallic grey; creamy-white in reflected light. Cornwall, England. H= 2-2.5, Dm= 7.07, Dc= 7.25, IID 05a. Chapman, 1843. Am. Min. 74 (1989), 250. Acta Cryst. B27 (1971), 1245. Ajoite, (K, Na)Cu7AlSig024(OH)6 o3H20, . @] Tric. Translucent bluish-green. New Cornelia mine, Ajo, Pima Co., Arizona, USA. H=?, Dm= 2.96, Dc= 2.951, VIIIF 19. Schaller & Vlisidis, 1958. Am. Min. 66 (1981), 201. Akaganeite, ,B-FeO(OH, Cl), @] Tet. Brown. Akagane mine, Iwate, Japan. H=?, Dm= 3.0, Dc= 3.6, IVF 04. Nambu, 1961. Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 270. Acta Cryst. A35 (1979), 197. See also Feroxyhyte, Goethite, Lepidocrocite. Akatoreite, Mng(Si, Alho023(OH)g, IAl Tric. Vitreous orange-brown. Akatore Creek, Eastern Otago, Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand. H= 6, Dm= 3.48, Dc= 3.47, VIllE lOb. Read & Reay, 1971. Am. Min. 56 (1971),416. Aliettite 3 Akdalaite, (AI203)4oH20, !Al Hex. Vitreous/porcelanous white. Solvech fluorite deposit, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, USSR. H= 7.2, Dm= 3.68, Dc= 3.673, IVF 04. Shpanov et al., 1970. Am. Min. 56(1971),635 (Abst.). Akermanite, Ca2MgSi207, [Q] Tet. Translucent colorless, greyish-green, brown. H= 5-6, Dm= 2.944, Dc= 2.944, VIIIB 02a. Vogt, 1884. DHZ, 2nd. ed.(1986), v.1B, 285. N.Jb.Min.Mh. (1981), 1. See also Gehlenite. Akhtenskite, t~Mn02' !Al Hex. Dark grey, black. Akhtenskii deposit, Ural Mts. (S), USSR. H=?, Dm= 4.00, Dc= 4.78, IVD 03a. Visser, 1979. Am. Min. 68(1983), 473 (Abst.). Akrochordite, (Mn, Mgh(As04MOH)4 o4H20, [Q] Mon. Translucent red-brown. Langban mine, Filipstad (near), Varmland, Sweden. H= 3.5, Dm= 3.2, Dc= 3.26, VIID 02. Flink,1922. Am. Min. 53(1968),1779 (Abst.). Am. Min. 74 (1989), 256. Aksaite, MgB607(OH)602H20, [Q] Orth. Translucent colorless, light grey. Ak-Sai, Kazakhstan, USSR. H= 2.5, Dm= 1.99, Dc= 1.975, Vc 11. Blazko et al., 1962. Am. Min. 48(1963), 209 (Abst.). Am. Min. 56 (1971), 1553. Aktashite, CU6Hg3As4S12, [Q] Rhom. Metallic white. Akta.sh mercury deposit, Gornyi Altai, USSR. H= 4.5, Dm=?, Dc= 5.453, IID Olc. Va.sil'ev, 1968. Am. Min. 58(1973),562 (Abst.). Min. Abstr. 81-2423. See also Nowackiite, Gruzdevite. Alabandite, a~MnS, [Q] Cub. Sub-metallic black; grey in reflected light. Alabanda, Caria, Turkey. H= 3.5-4, Dm= 4.0, Dc= 4.056, IIB 11. Beudant, 1832. N.Jb.Min.Abh. 144 (1982), 107. See also Niningerite. Alacranite, AS8S9, !Al Mon. Adamantine orange. Uson caldera, Kamchatka, USSR. H= 1.5, Dm= 3.43, Dc= 3.43, IIB 19. Popova et al., 1986. Am. Min. 73 (1988), 189 (Abst.). Alamosite, PbSi03, [Q] Mon. Translucent colorless, white. Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. H= 4.5, Dm= 6.5, Dc= 6.30, VIIID 17. Palache & Merwin, 1909. Dana/Ford (1932), 567. Zts. Krist. 126 (1968), 98. Alazanite, 1m Probably marca.site. Am. Min. 60(1975), 161 (Abst.). Ivanitskii et al., 1973. Albite, NaAISi308, [Q] Tric. Vitreous/pearly white, bluish, grey, pink, etc. H= 6-6.5, Dm= 2.63, Dc= 2.623, VIIIF 03. Gahn & Berzelius, 1815. DHZ (1963), v.4, 94. Am. Min. 75 (1990), 135. Albrechtschraufite, Ca4Mg(U02)2(C03)6F 2 o1 7H20, !Al Tric. Vitreous yellow-green. Jlichymov (St. Joachimsthal), Zapadocesky kraj, Cechy (Bohemia), Czechoslovakia. H= 2-3, Dm= 2.6, Dc= 2.67, VbD 04. Mereiter, 1984. Acta Cryst. A40 (1984), C-247. Albrittonite, 1m An artificial substance. Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156. Crook & Marcotty, 1978. Aldermanite, (Mg,CahAI12(P04ls(0H)22032H20, !Al Orth. Pearly colorless. Moculta quarry, Anga.ston (near), South Australia, Australia. H= 2, Dm=?, Dc= 2.15, VIID 28. Harrowfield et al., 1981. Min. Mag. 44 (1981), 59. Aldzhanite, 1m Inadequate data. Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055. Avrova et al., 1968. Aleksite, PbBi2T e2S2, !Al Hex. Metallic pale grey in reflected light. Alekseev mine, Sutamskii region, Stanovoi Range, USSR. H= 2.3, Dm=?, Dc= 7.80, IID 0ge. Lipovetskii et al., 1978. Am. Min. 64(1979), 652 (Abst.). Alforsite, Ba5(P04hCI, !Al Hex. Transparent colorless. Big Creek, Fresno Co., California, USA. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=4.83, VIIB 16. Newberryet al., 1981. Am. Min. 66 (1981), 1050. Algodonite, Cu6As, [Q] Hex. Metallic grey/white. Algodones, Coquimbo, Chile. H= 4, Dm= 8.38, Dc= 8.72, IIG 01. Field, 1857. Dana, 7th ed.(1944), v.1, 171. Aliettite, Cao.2Mg6(Si, AI)802o(OH)4 o4H20, [Q] Syst=? Monte Chiaro, Taro Valley, Italy. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIlIE 08c. Veniale & van der Marel, 1969. Can. Min. 19 (1981), 651. 4 Allactite Allactite, Mn7(As04MOH)s, [QJ Mon. Vitreous/greasy dark/light purplish-red, brownish-red. Moss mine, Nordmark, Sweden. H= 4.5, Dm = 3.83, Dc= 3.94, VIIB lOa. Sjogren, 1884. Dana, 7th ed.(1951), v.2, 785. Am. Min. 53 (1968), 733. Allanite-(Ce), Ca(Ce,La)(AI,Fe)3(Si04ls(OH), [QJ Mon. Sub metallic/pitchy/resinous brown, black. Qeqerssuatsiaq, Aluk, Greenland (E). H= 5.5-6, Dm= 4.0, Dc= 3.99, VIIIB 15. Thomson, 1810. Dana, 6th ed. (1892), 522. Am. Min. 56 (1971),447. Allanite-(La), (La, Ca)2(AI, Fela (Si04la (OH), [AJ Mon. Karelia (N), USSR. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIIIB 15. Levinson, 1966. Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152. Allanite-(Y), Ca(Y,La,Ce)(AI,Fela(Si04)3(OH), [AJ Mon. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIllB 15. Semenov & Barinskii, 1958. Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152. Allargentum, E-Ag1_xSbx, [QJ Hex. Metallic white. Cadesky Vein, Hi-Ho mine, Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. H= 3.5, Dm= 10.0, Dc= 10.12, IIG 02. Ramdohr, 1950. Can. Min. 10 (1970), 163. Alleghanyite, Mn5(Si04MOH)2' [QJ Mon. Translucent bright/greyish pink. Bold Hill, Alleghany Co., North Carolina, USA. H= 5.5, Dm = 4.0, Dc= 4.199, VIllA 16. Ross & Kerr, 1932. Dana/Ford (1932), 600. Am. Min. 70 (1985), 182. Alloclasite, (Co, Fe)AsS, [QJ Mon. Metallic white. Oravita (Oravicza), Banat, Romania. H=?, Dm= 5.95, Dc= 5.997, IIC 08. Tschermak, 1866. Can. Min. 11 (1971), 150. Can. Min. 14 (1976), 561. See also Glaucodot. Allophane, A1203, Si02, H20, [QJ Amor. Vitreous/sub-resinous pale blue, green, brown, colorless. Griifenthal, Saalfeld (near), Thiiringen, Germany. H= 3, Dm= 1.9, Dc=?, VIllE 08d. Stromeyer, 1816. Am. Min. 61 (1976),379. Min. Abstr. 76-3277. Alluaudite, (Na, Ca)2(Mn, Mg, Fe)Fe2(P04la, [AJ Mon. Sub-translucent dirty yellow, brownish-yellow, green. Vilate quarry, Chanteloube, Haute-Vienne, France. H= 5-5.5, Dm= 3.45, Dc= 3.62, VilA 05b. Damour, 1848. Min. Mag. 43 (1979), 227. Am. Min. 56 (1971), 1955. See also Hagendorfite, Ferroalluaudite, Maghagendorfite. Almandine, Fe3AI2(Si04la, [QJ Cub. Vitreous/resinous red, brown, black. Alabanda, Caria, Turkey. H= 6.5-7.5, Dm= 4.318, Dc= 4.29, VIIIA 06a. Agricola, 1546. DHZ, 2nd ed.(1982), v.1A, 468. Am. Min. 56 (1971), 791. See also Pyrope, Spessartine. Almbosite, [QJ Inadequate data. Am. Min. 66(1981), 878 (Abst.). Ramdohr & Cevales, 1980. Almeraite, KNaMgCI4oH20, [§] Syst=? Translucent reddish. Suria, Barcelona, Spain. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, IIIB 07. Tomas & Foleh, 1914. Dana, 7th ed.(1951), v.2, 94. Alstonite, BaCa(C03)2' [QJ Tric. Vitreous colorless, white, greyish, cream, pink. Alston Moor, Cumberland, England. H= 4-4.5, Dm= 3.707, Dc= 3.69, VbA 04. Breithaupt, 1841. Lithos 8 (1975), 199. See also Barytocalcite, Paralstonite. Altaite, PbTe, [QJ Cub. Metallic white. Altai Mts., Mongolia. H= 3, Dm = 8.15, Dc= 8.31, IIB 11. Haidinger, 1845. Powd. Diff. 2 (1987), 230. See also Clausthalite, Galena. Althausite, Mg2P04(OH, F, 0), [AJ Orth. Vitreous grey. Modum, Norway. H= 3.5, Dm= 2.97, Dc= 2.91, VIIB 03c. Raade & Tysseland, 1975. Am. Min. 61(1976), 502 (Abst.). Am. Min. 65 (1980), 488. See also Holtedahlite. Althupite, AITh(U02lr{P04)402(OHls o1 5H20, [AJ Tric. Transparent yellow. Kobokobo, Kivu, Zaire. H=?, Dm= 3.9, Dc= 3.98, VIm 21. Piret & Deiiens, 1987. Am. Min. 73(1988), 189 (Abst.). Aluminite, Ai2S04(OH)407H20, [Q] Mon. Earthy white. Garden of the Paedogogium, Halle, Germany. H= 1-2, Dm= 1.7, Dc= 1.794, VID 03. Haberle, 1807. Zts. Krist. 151 (1980), 141. Acta Cryst. B34 (1978), 2407. See also Meta-aluminite. Alunite 5 Aluminium, AI, ~ Cub. Metallic white. Tsepochechnyi intrusive, Siberia, USSR. H= 2.0-2.9, Dm= 2.707, Dc= 2.710, IA 01a. Oleinikov et al., 1978. Am. Min.65(1980), 205 (Abst.). Alumino-magnesio-hornblende, C~Mg4AI(Si7AI)OdOH)2' ~ Mon. Translucent green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.0, Dc= 3.23, VmD 05b. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. MSA Spec. Paper 2 (1969), 117. See also Ferrohornblende, Magnesia-hornblende. Alumino-taramite, N~CaFe3AI2(Si6AI2)022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also Magnesiotaramite, Taramite. Alumino-barroisite, NaCaMg3AI2(Si7AI)022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H= 5-6, Dm=?, Dc= 2.94, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also Ferrobarroisite, Barroisite. Aluminobetafite, [QJ Inadequate data. Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133. Kawai, 1963. Aluminocopiapite, (AI, Mg)Fe4(S04MOH, 0)2 -20H20, [ill Tric. Earthy yellow. Temple Rock, Utah, USA, and, Island Mt., Trinity Co., California, USA. H=?, Dm=?, Dc= 2.07, VID 04b. Berry, 1947. Can. Min. 23 (1985), 53. Alumino-ferro-hornblende, C~Fe4Al(Si7AI)022(OHb ~ Mon. Translucent green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.2, Dc= 3.23, VmD 05b. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. MSA Spec. Paper (1969), 117. See also Magnesiohornblende. Alumino-katophorite, N~Ca(Fe, Mg)4AI(Si7AI)022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also Magnesia-aluminokatophorite, Ferrikatophorite. Alumino-tschermakite, C~Mg2AI2(Si6AI2)022(OHh, ~ Mon. Translucent green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.13, Dc= 2.88, VmD 05b. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also Tschermakite, Ferrotschermakite. Alumino-winchite, NaCaMg4AISis022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also Winchite, Ferrowinchite. Alumobritholite, [QJ Unnecessary name for aluminian britholite. Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133. Kudrina et al., 1961. Alumocobaltomelane, [QJ Mixture. Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261. Ginzberg & Rukavishnikova 1951. Alumoferroascharite, [QJ A mixture of szaibelyite and hydrotalcite. Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501 (Abst.). Serdyuchenko, 1956. Alumohydrocalcite, CaAI2(C03MOH)4 -3H20, [§] Tric. Chalky white, pale blue, violet. Khakassy dist., Siberia, USSR. H= 2.5, Dm= 2.231, Dc=?, VbD 02. Bilibin, 1926. Dana, 7th ed.(1951), v.2, 280. See also Para-alumohydrocalcite. Alumopharmacosiderite, KAI4(As04MOH)4 -6.5H20, ~ Cub. Translucent white. Guanaco (NE), Chile. H=?, Dm=?, Dc= 2.676, VnD 14b. Schmetzer et al., 1981. Am. Min. 66(1981), 1099 (Abst.). See also Pharmacosiderite, Sodium pharmacosiderite. Alumotantite, AlTa04, ~ Orth. Adamantine colorless. Kola Peninsula, USSR. H= 7.5-8, Dm=?, Dc= 5.623, IVD 14a. Voloshin et al., 1981. Am. Min. 67(1982),413 (Abst.). Alumotungstite, (W, AI)(O, OHM?), [§] Cub. Kramat Pulai mine, Kinta, Perak, Malaysia. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, IVF 15. Davis & Smith, 1971. Min. Rec. 12 (1981), 81. Alunite, KAI3(S04)2(OH)6' [ill Rhom. Vitreous white, greyish, yellowish, reddish. Tolfa, Roma (near), Italy. H= 3.5-4, Dm= 2.69, Dc= 2.839, VIE 03a. Beudant, 1824. Am. Min. 65 (1980), 953. Acta Cryst. 18 (1965), 249.

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