Mineral Exploration Principles and Applications Second Edition Swapan Kumar Haldar Emeritus Scientist, Department of Geology, Presidency University, Kolkata, Formerly Hindustan Zinc Limited, Hindustan Copper Limited, IMX Resources Limited, Perth Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam, Netherlands TheBoulevard, LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5th Floor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright ©2018Elsevier Inc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublication maybereproducedor transmitted inanyformor byanymeans,electronicormechanical, including photocopying,recording,or anyinformationstorage andretrieval system,without permissioninwritingfrom thepublisher. Details onhowtoseekpermission, further informationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandour arrangements with organizationssuchasthe CopyrightClearance CenterandtheCopyright LicensingAgency,canbefoundatour website: www. elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandthe individualcontributionscontainedinitareprotected undercopyright bythePublisher (otherthanas maybe notedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbest practiceinthisfieldareconstantly changing.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenour understanding, changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,or medicaltreatmentmay becomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusinganyinformation, methods,compounds,orexperiments describedherein.In usingsuchinformationor methodstheyshould bemindfuloftheir ownsafetyandthesafety ofothers,includingpartiesfor whomthey haveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentof thelaw,neither thePublishernor theauthors,contributors, oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjury and/ordamagetopersons orproperty asamatterof productsliability, negligenceorotherwise, orfromanyuseor operationof anymethods,products,instructions, orideascontained inthematerialherein. LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Acatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefrom theLibraryofCongress British LibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Data Acataloguerecordfor thisbookisavailablefrom theBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-12-814022-2 ForinformationonallElsevier publicationsvisit our websiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: JoeHayton AcquisitionEditor: AmyShapiro EditorialProjectManager:TashaFrank ProductionProjectManager:Nilesh KumarShah Designer:ChristianBilbow TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Dedicated to all my students in mineral exploration d d past, present, and future who taught me the art of teaching, motivated me to keep learning, and galvanized me to write this book. And little Srishti and Srishta who inspired me to love Mother Nature!
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