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Mike Meyers' CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Lab Manual (Exams 220-1101 & 220-1102) PDF

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BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio i Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide ™ to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs 00-FM.indd 1 10/11/22 3:04 PM BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio ii ■ About the Series Editor Michael Meyers is the industry’s leading authority on CompTIA A+ and CompTIA Network+ certifications. He was the president and co-founder of Total Seminars, LLC, a major provider of computer and network repair curriculum and seminars for thousands of organizations throughout the world, and a member of CompTIA. Today, Mike works as vice president of marketing for National Cyber Group (www.nationalcyber.com). Mike has written numerous popular textbooks, including the best- selling Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshoot- ing Networks, and Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Security+ Certification Guide, plus many more. ■ About the Authors Travis A. Everett is a software developer, writer, and editor who writes open source software in his spare time (and occasionally blogs about it). In addition to holding an MFA in creative writing from Old Dominion University, Travis owns exactly one-third of an original copy of Wolfenstein 3D on floppy disk and rewatches The Matrix regularly. Travis is CompTIA A+ certified. Andrew Hutz may be the newest guy on the Total Seminars writing staff, but he brings ten years of writing experience in both IT and the music industry. When not working for Total Seminars, Andrew deals with risk management in the cybersecurity arena, where he blogs at https://tgasec .wordpress.com. Andrew holds the CompTIA A+ and CompTIA Security+ certifications and is working toward his bachelor’s degree in software development and security. About the Editor-in-Chief Melissa Layne, EdD, has dedicated over 25 years to the field of education in various capacities. Roles include serving as a clinical professor teach- ing and developing several preservice teacher courses at Sam Houston State University, a director of research, AVP for research and innovation, editor-in-chief for four academic journals, and the founding editor for two of those journals. She has authored over 50 peer-reviewed academic articles and book chapters on virtual environments and online learning. Dr. Layne has also led internships for graduate students in scholarly communica- tions, editorial processes, peer review, and publishing. She loves to mess around in her flower garden and spend time with her four children and three grandchildren. About the Technical Editor Mark Edward Soper has worked with computers and related technolo- gies for over 30 years and specializes in technology education through 00-FM.indd 2 10/11/22 3:04 PM BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio iii training, writing, and public speaking. He has authored and co-authored 40 books on technology topics ranging from CompTIA A+ certification to Microsoft Windows, networking, and troubleshooting. Mark has also taught these and other topics across the United States. Mark has CompTIA A+ and Microsoft MOS – Microsoft Excel 2013 certifications, and currently teaches Microsoft Office classes for the University of Southern Indiana and Ivy Tech Community College. Mark blogs at https://markesoper.com. Special Mention: Michael Smyer Our resident super-nerd Michael Smyer really stepped up to the plate in supporting the book production and helping get Melissa Layne up to speed in record time. Many thanks, Michael—your ongoing magic with graphics combined with your jumping into the editor slot kept the book going when we needed it most. 00-FM.indd 3 10/11/22 3:04 PM BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio iv This page intentionally left blank 00-FM.indd 4 10/11/22 3:04 PM BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio v Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide ™ to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Seventh Edition (Exams 220-1101 & 220-1102) Mike Meyers, Series Editor Travis A. Everett Andrew Hutz McGraw Hill is an independent entity from CompTIA® and is not affiliated with CompTIA in any manner. This publication and accompanying media may be used in assisting students to prepare for the CompTIA A+™ exams. Neither CompTIA nor McGraw Hill warrants that use of this publication and accompanying media will ensure passing any exam. CompTIA and CompTIA A+ are trademarks or registered trademarks of CompTIA in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. The CompTIA Marks are the proprietary trademarks and/or service marks of CompTIA and its affiliates used under license from CompTIA. New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto 00-FM.indd 5 10/11/22 3:04 PM Copyright © 2023 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. ISBN: 978-1-26-471453-7 MHID: 1-26-471453-X The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-471274-8, MHID: 1-26-471274-X. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate train- ing programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. Information has been obtained by McGraw Hill from sources believed to be reliable. However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical error by our sources, McGraw Hill, or others, McGraw Hill does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPER- LINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Edu- cation and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio vii ■ Acknowledgments ■ To Amanda Lee Simpson As the author of the first edition, way back in 2004, through the sixth edition ~SuperMuse of Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, I am now switching hats to the series editor role. One thing remains the same: ■ She walks in beauty, like the night the hard-working, dedicated, and talented people who also proudly wear Of cloudless climes and starry skies; their own hats, but wear several of them at a time to make sure this book And all that’s best of dark and bright eventually lands in your hands. So, on that note, I’d like to acknowledge Meet in her aspect and her eyes; the many people who contributed their talents to make this book possible: To my in-house editor-in-chief, Melissa Layne: Way to dive into the Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. deep end, eh? You did a great job and I’m glad to have you on board. To my executive editor, Timothy Green: What are you gonna do with ~Lord Byron me now working as a series editor? I know, the same as we always do. Let’s do it again, eh? To Mark Edward Soper, technical editor: Fantastic job, Mark! Very much a pleasure to work with you. The book is much better because of your input and insight. To Rachel Fogelberg, project editor for McGraw Hill: Thank you for your patience, persistence, and perfectionism. To Caitlin Cromley-Linn, editorial coordinator at McGraw Hill: Every complex project needs someone keeping the wheels on the bus and every- one organized. You did a great job, thanks. To Bill McManus, copy editor: Bill, words can’t express what an awe- some editing job you did on this edition. Your skill continues to amaze me. Thank you! To Janet Walden, editorial supervisor at McGraw Hill: It was a joy to work with you again. I couldn’t have asked for a better team. In fact, I asked for the best team and got exactly what I wanted! To Lisa McCoy, proofreader: Awesome work! 00-FM.indd 7 10/11/22 3:04 PM BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio viii ABOUT THIS BOOK ■ Important Technology Skills With this edition of the Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ concepts and skills like security, data, and operations Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Mike and services have grown in importance. Job roles introduces you to the CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core such as Service Desk Analyst and IT Support 2 exams. CompTIA A+ BcasoeTench /t Minike uMeeyerss’ C otmopT IAc Ao+™v Geuidre toe Msansagieng nandt Tiroaublle shooting PCs, SSevepnthe Edcitiioan /l Miesyetrs /d 27e4-Xp / Cehanptedr 2 on problem solving more than skills for IT careers with a focus on hardware, ever, and theBa sCeTeoch /r Meik e eMexyeras’ CmompsTI Ac A+o™n Gutidie nto Muaneag intg oand Tprourboleshvooitidng PeCs , aSev enth Edition / Meyers / 274-X / Chapter 25 software, and infrastructure, but fundamental foundation for success in many different IT fields. Onboard HDMI and DisplayPort: BaseTech / Mike1 M1eye0rs’1 Co/mp1TI1A A0+™2 Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / CTheacpht eTri p25 for output to monitor (See Chapter 17.) Tech Tip sidebars BaseTechU /S BM: fiokre mMaenyye irnsp’ uCto amn(pdS TeoIeuA tCp Ahua+t pd™tee vrGi c1ue0i.sd) e to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / Pm27So4/u-2Xs oe /r ( mSCeihneai -pCDthIeBNarp :a2 tfeosrre 6kT.e)eycbhoa r/d Mor ike Mey1Bear1sse’ T0Ceco1■hm // ■pM1TDTikI1reA eMo0 Aevyu2+er™isb’c C Goelmuepi dTIseIAs th Aos +Mo™ua Goneuaitdgseii ntong M agannda g MiTnrgo aoundb blTersoihubloleoesthi onogti nPgC PsC,s S, Seevveennthth E dEidtTieoicntih o/ T nMip /ey eMrs e/y 2e7r4s-X Fci/ no/e mw 2tCh7p hme4oa fin-pFoXteebielnie rdl/ tle2.sd 5IC dyn eRoh vtueaihc ppece asaten evihr reas n2evtre5 v oifc ae piepnxrrfoopovfereimrdsieseain toiicnonesnadid l fsIer.To m UfSoBrf S:oo f/uoPrtOr SDpo mnuI/uFbPta: ot tnfDopaoy rurmI di Fnhto :Hp iDng tufDoihoVttMoe armIrrn ,- I(((h edoSSSaHni neeenogdDdeeeui h a ttMDCCCpoeuhhhiudsrrIaaatp-i , oppp(( delSSaa ttteoeeenynveeurrrPdi tdeec111op e700 ra uDCC...tst))):u hihdsaapioppla ttoeeyurrP t11op70ru.t.)t): PmN(SSIoeC/ue2: s foCeorh r ( maSnpeeintetewi -rCD o1hIr8Nak.p ):c tfoeonrr n6ke.e)cytbioona r d or N(AaSnuIeCdde :im o fCo iihcrn arnpopeuptttehw/oro ou1nrt8ekp.s )uc t(o Sjnaenceek Csc:th if■Tt(oao1w1nprh1 ts e■oe10pr e1TD1Cag0 0erk.r)oexeoor1masu vmppu/sT)i :1bI ac■wTtabTt(IAuw1ngnnehh1a r1etl de■dotee0erwhAns ee1rTD iieC 0sg,es Pes +er Ieer ocOrasoxeson cooam■Tt(IwTTt(IwTtabtsd2efsa1uSw1n euwuh1n mihhlchnvmOie1ahh,m ppm ux1Ota■ oteeer 1r0srtdmihoSteesTai s) ea0iei1rTDowroShs :ieCito,g,n s b 0eIe am1rsnc obu lery sAirie daoCcOgsagan,e xe nisPous o owe1asmel nl ee oeadrruiS e ocO maoeAceaxnrsvpmisdeoon, wppeuot t m/espdssedfearmi +’ubSsTait) Iieo r mou ierps ec:semOni1b IPec a,smjncoapplbwsOAvt esiedeglun oa nlhmil giSs1wTe ai c)xl e sdeosrdoan sacSmi oA:ainp,atnie smt Iees asOn nobt o0( spiiuemhrA+’u yssdaInve1ganerorps GnsidgS.eu ec wa1gsl b2 nos ee idse u eeThoel ahms ol gi0Aias, nxpddetsrsssn weo ahrobitoa2 issmp udasersitopeM go+’iiumj udeyws fnCresonieiercpsalpeeeubf P ecgces ooa dilinbhesisvcxe ehestevi o lu tv,al t(hisar sAnll gihaoabit xov1iwe aeeursdeaapsgcpa djo1m inwearpieansie mcnpesptmsO0t scbhisdoceeudmpndti yesstcnt2 )trovre rMG(soienlSh.eu do ee v 1oyaeog r gew mb ir i21s sevsirp eaThoi lsxoe mvii40 sdi,ss ctlptlts soinnia oaohi 2 , ihberoo.cMto alf ndutmdao ecp ygobhaoeieejbrWl wblseiCesn de llncxsruovlip)i sms tl eoc ea lsteo v edd ihedhtuhiwmceeafidh mtv r taoev iel (htiab Antaoebhldwilinesrorov)1as aec tdupe ir aeev l bholt1wdmeenihe rpeadmvkrrbapetmil tt0 oelsi.isdilctsr eeoiolpwthvlctetuhefie2 e hoedbrhooreeeero alssitbed o il t baoyoroocdr,hrltste ilb ah2 eehesehdmi re iito eloxb anviss4teysldiescewv tlood,htrenaoo co ,p iyhe dmip.i tte oafed ubamc mcny ice awOavoeosnrWlreaoitolpsedginll tens ormu barg)cm,eie tS t ee n preediovedbh sadtlwmmea og mO g ,erv r naeav l pnnAeeo tateo aSogOwdiniesroarondan bsdctnmnp eourio pSydad ebh olleienmdy bhpek frfbrnsr p iael ts l fmmtaeloiodelatsaeedsirlnsre whlelmhefbeafoion repadd ’ siimtele hsaablsfsftnen uw saetp nrfhaopdla,hrit uwi fiemat erenpalahcdmriOsap ftmoeoaenabrdrneaptr.cycssewdr,votSr eocsss--oo ,..ocoepy-- ..sit eubacm ioesnreaits l e m rkg,ett epoeh aaog Ore nevnnAeopFcihtCwcuFcihtCwcu SdneFcihtCwonooondaooes bdaoneswo o ommpw rwuar mmaet mrwuopabwtame d l hmw aimrwdyppha w stapmewpppme flsrnodsrwe.oohpmewll i fae.oop rmylafisnnal fioTFoiowapmeanrytedvsafinnfir Feoe.eeoeebxnoivlh eiir ibalfeinneebnrxriecaficeioinn d’ fiseTFiiollmttnnpnsieetthvelceihsena d lr.l.eless uebtw xd rpcy siett tleelceIii .l d.nTlopnossia dieyfi crncyih ecei id klficfeibImm dRlotnnoopoepis lyfietahcvenrOle eaplkt.f.eelburmRtea s e)n ido ohrdecd ei tve remcll cc It dFsiTsslpuroea-terocr oieSe)iyehdnske rri e--i rakmc, ise,..b aemFRsfexpi ea-nercop n eo svlvepkirhl ii rlat,seruam retetef eexli e)aeishnn oasinvldepirmc(h ev i laFecdrpmhe reatt errceleeaksten p avnt di raoer,(tsaeviateaafcxdin hchefet rbpn ceoskiv teh ipe hgvt ialres oetaiere ms. rttea :indhc afs,s/b.pn cni /heoer(gbevalresavdme hs.eutr :de ik,s/.htCwcu p tvct e/ eootobi oet aasvinhmowf u pmcruii amegtcaresedw a e.p :sd wp sl/e.ol/eoiaryanfivmnvr exioeiicnecein e tpset l.s rcylc ooi fiekfbmnoeellrte )di em Fsa-rkri r,fexi eoslp ilermteln adr(acdhe ktep tetaitanhcbpiheglrse s. :d ,s/. /eobvmuitce e for output DtoV mI, oHnDitMorI ,( Sanede DChisapplateyrP 1o7r.t): Aanudd imo iicnrpoupth/oountepsu t( Sjaecek Cs:h faopr tsepr e1a0k.)ers Iwna trhei,s OseSc,t iaonntshdi mew riaeleap ’arrpriettabeT iu n eegrisrtdsseowoo rsamiseiPun enueaodengd f s a bOdi m,rOt ieSofolSaa,f b eesnacair slnowdees dn wv hd hcaeieeePelrvprlsoa e i dpacti noestoOlr s yoGoSm. tu lToisitinbohn h gnlifdCesoel e.shcsgr hhaAe otpa nroptTtdoettorioerun oor2 gibo4ldin sl,.m e c laWlstnausohedyd o etwdcaso liohkrftfeimeilefneder m, rgt aehs bnoeogocy neeuk sant e reptteeohp rr ev Aao bedlpbro iyphtfl fhelesae mir’trmeshd nsiielcO-.aie rrSs , cuosmuaplolyn eonntlsy fifoelrd s-kreilpleladc teeacbhles,. but Power connector (See Chapter 7.) 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toduderelevltai rhrgcrccuiictoh mns ara s’ ntaar iansihaesuioitct tg us eks gr r otdaccs deerle8aei,rsmeakcoa .h n aal7 ’ i asntuMa urs ttr9tgnoor a m ahs acd8me,w .mfn o7eene i un9dhdss rnttin egttzoa ota aaiea oti rcwnn btdiefsalic ga,o h ttt teecahe anoskspn ets ow . esdus k Ro reiu ipytagner hn ot sidhmhov duetsiaeoshe e’ dlvo lremltos aehf tb r dt hebde seaheie eao tuevta hrtmrasar ineitc ek godderleiroh n a ’ asasttgr as e, . a road map for success. 02-ch02.indd 32 24/08/22 2:09 PM What’s ne25x-cht2?5. inWdd h879aCth’sa platesrt 2?5: Maintaining and Securing Mobile Devices criusskt oomf dizoaintigo nsso ourn hdaevr et1 hs6/e0o9 /mr22i g e 1h: 48t PM 879 25-ch25.indd 879 circumstances. Remember16 t/0o9/ 22 1:48 PM 02-ch02.indd 32Engaging and Motivational— opeKraeteiopn isn w milil2n 4dd/M0e8 t/p2h2e a an 2t:d 0tk9 h oPenMe s tthseep ssL pyeoecuif’ailcl rndeneevdiic nteo, igttask o epF teour apteninrfgo! rs—mys taen my, oafn tdh ethsee cuinoscmelurm dwiunhngai tcw sahtteeap tw sk iiytnhod utsh’ loel f b ddeea vttaaick leion’ssg s, Using a conversational style and OS version. Be prRepiacrehd t,o cconosullto mranfuufalct utreer xantd OaS nresdou recesn fohr eaxanct ced it can entail, and give the user a steps. Le2t5’-sch d25i.ivnded i n87.9 chance to back up his or her data. 16/09/22 1:48 PM proven instructional approach, illustrations bring technical subjects the authors explain technical concepts to life. 879 Chapter 25: Maintaining and Securing Mobile Devices in a clear, interesting way using real-world examples. 25-ch25.indd 879 16/09/22 1:48 PM Proven Learning Method Keeps You on Track Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs is structured to give you comprehensive knowledge of computer skills and technologies. The textbook’s active learning methodology guides you beyond mere recall and—through thought-provoking activities, labs, and sidebars—helps you develop critical-thinking, diagnostic, and communication skills. 00-FM.indd 8 10/11/22 3:04 PM BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+™ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs, Seventh Edition / Meyers / 274-X / FM / Blind folio ix ■ Effective Learning Tools This pedagogically rich book is designed to make Mike Meyers’ proven ability to explain concepts learning easy and enjoyable and to help you develop in a clear, direct, even humorous way makes this the skills and critical-thinking abilities that will book interesting, motivational, and fun. enable you to adapt to different job situations and troubleshoot problems. 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Weigh the pros and cons and decide what you would 10 1001-ch01.indd 10 useM iinke vMMaeyrikeieros M’u Cesoy mesrpistT’u ICAao Amt+ipo TGnIuAis dA.e+ t oG uMidaen atog iMnga naangdi nTrgo aunbdle Tsrhoouobt2li4en/0sg8h /P2o2Co s t2i:n07g P PMCs 01-ch01.indd 22 24/08/22 2:08 PM The last issue regarding ESD is that never-ending question—should you 01-ch01.i0n1d-dc h 0110.indd 10 bcoemfoAOTprlewu utraiefnypgfsta edodirieisnrvcrgiosc ineaan. pePelcrtss rpoo anwaalce nr tdic alalwsp iblmouErgp kgxla eew:dp siD tihonse ttyohiro geaiu nce rno eemnalemlplcyctur wtieiecnaag—nln tod tuteotv s lbeicet e? dp pGhleryuasgnivgctaeeelddly, li tncoho eon prcn hue ancntpecldeu sgt ogo fea d ec?loe2 4mTc/0th8rp/2oeu2 c 2 at 4u2e/n:00tr87si/ 2oPwt2Mh n ea2 :ra0t7 rii PessM RS22oubmumsta Lrieeasr,n kienyg tTeoromlss— li stsM,ik e qMeyuersi’ CzomzpTeIA sA+ ,Gu ide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs essential handssli-mo, bnut wshky italkles th ae rniskd? put essay questions, and lab projects 10 concepts in real-world coMniket Meeyxerst’ C.ompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs 01-ch01.indhd 22elp you practice skills and measure 24/08/22 2:08 PM progress. 01-ch01.indd 10 24/08/22 2:07 PM The chapters in this book include the following elements: ■■ Exam-driven organization that divides chapters into ■■ Learning objectives that set measurable goals for Historical/Conceptual, Exam 1101, Exam 1102, and chapter-by-chapter progress Beyond A+ sections, making it easy to focus study ■■ Try This!, Cross Check, and Tech Tip sidebars that ■■ Plenty of full-color photographs and illustrations that encourage you to practice and apply concepts in provide clear, up-close pictures of the technology, real-world settings making difficult concepts easy to visualize and understand ■■ Notes, Tips, and Warnings that guide you through difficult areas ■■ Highlighted Key Terms, Key Terms lists, and Chapter Summaries that provide you with an easy way to ■■ Prepare for CompTIA’s difficult performance-based review important concepts and vocabulary questions using the interactive online Sims and learn more about the tasks and technical concepts covered ■■ Challenging End-of-Chapter Quizzes that include on the exams vocabulary-building exercises, multiple-choice questions, essay questions, and on-the-job lab projects 00-FM.indd 9 10/11/22 3:04 PM

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