Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 1): Comparing Access to Welfare Entitlements PDF
Preview Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 1): Comparing Access to Welfare Entitlements
IMISCOE Research Series Jean-Michel Lafleur Daniela Vintila Editors Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 1) Comparing Access to Welfare Entitlements IMISCOE Research Series This series is the official book series of IMISCOE, the largest network of excellence on migration and diversity in the world. It comprises publications which present empirical and theoretical research on different aspects of international migration. The authors are all specialists, and the publications a rich source of information for researchers and others involved in international migration studies. The series is published under the editorial supervision of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee which includes leading scholars from all over Europe. The series, which contains more than eighty titles already, is internationally peer reviewed which ensures that the book published in this series continue to present excellent academic standards and scholarly quality. Most of the books are available open access. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13502 Jean-Michel Lafleur • Daniela Vintila Editors Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 1) Comparing Access to Welfare Entitlements Editors Jean-Michel Lafleur Daniela Vintila FRS-FNRS & Centre for Ethnic and Centre for Ethnic and Migration Migration Studies (CEDEM) Studies (CEDEM) University of Liege University of Liege Liege, Belgium Liege, Belgium ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic) IMISCOE Research Series ISBN 978-3-030-51240-8 ISBN 978-3-030-51241-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgements This study explores the mobility–welfare nexus from a comparative perspective by bridging two bodies of literature – social policy studies and migration research – in an innovative way. This book is part of a series of three volumes involving a large number of scholars from different European and non-European institutions. We were very lucky to have the opportunity to bring together such an extraordinary group of experts and would like to sincerely thank all of them for their support and dedication throughout this collaborative project. All three volumes are part of the series Migration and Transnational Social Protection in (Post) Crisis Europe (MiTSoPro), which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 680014). We are very grateful to the ERC for this support. In addition to these three volumes, readers can find a series of indicators comparing national social protection and diaspora policies across 40 countries on the following website: http://labos.ulg.ac.be/socialprotection/. We are also extremely grateful to all members of the MiTSoPro Advisory Board for their guidance during the project: Evelyn Astor, Agnieszka Chłoń-Domińczak, Daniel Clegg, Michael Collyer, Yves Jorens, Alain Jousten, Madalina Moraru, Eva Østergaard-Nielsen, Luicy Pedroza, Frans Pennings, Kitty Stewart, and Frank Vandenbroucke. Several institutions and academic networks have hosted panels, workshops, and conferences during which this book was discussed at different stages of this col- laborative project. We are particularly thankful to the IMISCOE network (especially for organizing the IMISCOE Springer Conference in collaboration with MiTSoPro, the ECPR Standing Group Migration and Ethnicity (which endorsed several MiTSoPro-related panels/workshops during the ECPR Annual Conference and Joint Sessions), the IPSA Research Committee RC03 European Unification (for endorsing MiTSoPro panels at the IPSA World Congress of Political Science), the Belgian Association of Political Science ABSP (we received extremely helpful feedback on this book during different ABSP events) and the University of Liege (which hosted several workshops and seminars related to this project). v vi Acknowledgements We also wish to thank warmly Anna Triandafyllidou and Irina Isaakyan of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee as well as Bernadette Deelen-Mans and Evelien Bakker of Springer for their support throughout the publication process. We are indebted to our colleagues from the Centre for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM) and the Faculty of Social Sciences (FaSS) of the University of Liege for their continuous support and useful feedback during the preparation of this manu- script. We are particularly thankful to the CEDEM Director Marco Martiniello for always encouraging and supporting our MiTSoPro-related activities, Angeliki Konstantinidou for her extremely helpful assistance in compiling comparative migration data used in the introductory chapter of this book, Larisa Lara and Cindy Regnier for the administrative help they provided to this project, and Donatienne Franssen for her assistance during the preparation of the final manuscript. Liege, Belgium Jean-Michel Lafleur 15 May 2020 Daniela Vintila Contents 1 Migration and Access to Welfare Benefits in the EU: The Interplay between Residence and Nationality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Daniela Vintila and Jean-Michel Lafleur 2 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Monika Riedel and Andreas Chmielowski 3 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Pauline Melin 4 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Zvezda Vankova and Dragomir Kolev Draganov 5 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Helga Špadina 6 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Christos Koutsampelas 7 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in the Czech Republic . . . . . . . 109 Kristina Koldinská 8 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen 9 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Mare Ainsaar and Ave Roots 10 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Laura Kalliomaa-Puha 11 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Lola Isidro and Antoine Math 12 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Reinhold Schnabel vii viii Contents 13 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Fotini Marini 14 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Gábor Juhász 15 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Mel Cousins 16 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 William Chiaromonte 17 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Anhelita Kamenska and Jekaterina Tumule 18 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Romas Lazutka and Jekaterina Navicke 19 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Nicole Kerschen 20 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Sue Vella 21 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in the Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . 313 Frans Pennings 22 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Agnieszka Chłoń-Domińczak 23 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Nazaré da Costa Cabral 24 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Irina Burlacu, Sorina Soare, and Daniela Vintila 25 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in the Slovak Republic . . . . . . 379 Jaroslav Kováč 26 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Grega Strban and Luka Mišič 27 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Francisco Javier Moreno-Fuentes 28 Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Anton Ahlén and Joakim Palme Chapter 1 Migration and Access to Welfare Benefits in the EU: The Interplay between Residence and Nationality Daniela Vintila and Jean-Michel Lafleur 1.1 Introduction Against a general background of increasing ethnic diversity, strong politicisation of migration, and overexposure of mobile individuals to social risks, the access of migrants and their offspring to welfare has become a key area of concern across European democracies (Ruhs and Palme 2018). Especially in the context of the recent financial crisis, high levels of unemployment and rapidly growing poverty rates have led to an increased demand on welfare systems. At the same time, many countries have undertaken reforms to curb social expenditure, cut the levels of social benefits and/or restrict the pool of potential beneficiaries of welfare entitlements. Examples in this regard are the reductions of budgetary expenditure on welfare, the cut/freeze of public sector pay or pensions, the increase of retirement age, or the reduction of unemployment benefits that several European Union (EU) Member States adopted in recent years.1 This specific socio-economic context has had serious implications on the number of individuals in need of social protection, with certain groups facing strong eco- nomic hardship. Migrants have been particularly affected by the recent economic 1 European Parliamentary Research Service (2013). Social dimension of austerity measures: cases of 4 EU countries in receipt of financial assistance. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ep library/ Social-dimension-of-austerity-measures.pdf. Accessed 16 March 2020. D. Vintila (*) Centre for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] J.-M. Lafleur FRS-FNRS & Centre for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2020 1 J.-M. Lafleur, D. Vintila (eds.), Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 1), IMISCOE Research Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_1
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