Microstrip Patch Antennas: A Designer’s Guide

426 Pages·2003·24.76 MB·English

by  Dr R. B. Waterhouse (auth.)

Microstrip Patch Antennas:
A Designer's Guide
Microstrip Patch Antennas:
A Designer's Guide
Dr R. B. Waterhouse
RMIT University
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
.t
Electronic Services < http://www.wkap.nl >
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Waterhouse, R.B. (Rodney B.)
Microstrip patch antennas: a designer's guide / R.B. Waterhouse.
p.cm.
Inludes bibliographical references.
1. Microstrip antennas. 1. Title
TK7871.67.M5 W38 2003
621.382'4--dc21
2002041376
ISBN 978-1-4419-5338-4 ISBN 978-1-4757-3791-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-3791-2
Copyright © 2003 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2003
AlI rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying,
microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being
entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the
work.
Permissions for books published in the USA: perrn; ss; ODs@wkap corn
Permissions for books published in Europe: [email protected]
Printed on acid-free paper.
Dedication
This book isdedicated to mywifeDalma; without herlove,
inspiration and support this work would not have been possible.
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 History 1
1.2 Advantagesand Issues 7
1.3 Applications 10
1.4 SummaryofBook 16
1.5 Bibliography 19
Chapter 2 Fundamental Properties of Single
Layer Microstrip Patch Antennas 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 General TheoryofOperation and Design Tools
22
2.3 The Effect ofConductorShape 26
2.4 Impedance and Radiation Performance of Single
LayerPatches 31
2.5 ExcitationMethodsofMicrostrip Patches 35
2.6 CircularPolarization Generation 60
2.7 Summary 64
2.8 Bibliography 65
Chapter 3 Enhancing the Bandwidth of
Microstrip Patch Antennas 69
3.1 Introduction 69
3.2 IntuitiveProcedures 70
3.3 Horizontally Coupled ParasiticPatches 75
3.4 Stacked Patches 83
3.5 LargeSlot Excited Patches 111
3.6 ApertureStackedPatches 123
3.7 Ultra-wideband ASPs 150
3.8 Summary 162
3.9 Bibliography 164
Chapter 4 Improving the Efficiency of Microstrip
Patch Antennas 167
4.1 Introduction 167
4.2 SurfaceWaves 168
4.3 Patchesthatdo not ExciteTMoSurfaceWaves
169
4.4 Hi-IoStackedPatches 178
4.5 PhotonicBand-gapStructures 182
4.6 Summary 193
4.7 Bibliography 194
Chapter 5 Small Microstrip Patch Antennas 197
5.1 Introduction 197
5.2 ShortedMicrostripPatches 202
5.3 Further Size Reduction Techniques for Shorted
Patches 216
5.4 Winged ShortedPatch 219
5.5 ShortedSpiralPatches 226
5.6 Improving the Performances of Shorted
MicrostripPatches 231
5.7 Performance of Shorted Microstrip Patch
Antennas for Mobile Communications Handsets
at 1800MHz 262
5.8 Summary 272
5.9 Bibliography 274
Chapter 6 Direct Integration of Microstrip
Antennas 277
6.1 Overview for Requirementsfor Integration 277
6.2 Slot Coupled Proceduresand Solutions 283
6.3 DirectContactProceduresand Solutions 309
6.4 Summary 323
6.5 Bibliography 324
Chapter 7 Microstrip Patch Arrays 327
7.1 Introduction 327
7.2 Series Fed Arrays 328
7.3 ParaUelFed Arrays 330
7.4 CombinationFed Arrays 361
7.5 LargeScannedArraysofMicrostripPatches 364
7.6 Alternatives to Large Arrays of Microstrip
Patches 382
7.7 WraparoundPatchAntenna Arrays 394
7.8 Summary 407
7.9 Bibliography 409
Chapter 8 Summary 413
8.1 Overview 413
8.2 FutureDirections ofMicrostripPatch Technology
413
8.3 Bibliography 414
List ofContributors
When presenting a large volume of work, there are always going to be many
contributors, other than the main author. Perhaps the easiest means of
acknowledging all their efforts is by listing the people on achapter-by-chapter
basis:
Chapter1: Dr R. Waterhouse
Chapter2: Dr R. Waterhouse, Dr D. Novak, Dr D.-K. Park, Dr Y.Qian
and Prof.T.Itoh
Chapter3: Dr R. Waterhouse, Dr. J. T. Aberle, Dr D. M. Kokotoff, Dr
A. Mitchell, Dr M. Lech, Dr S. D.Targonski, Mr M. Lye, Dr
F. Zavosh, Dr K. Ghorbani, Dr D. Novak, Dr A. Nirmalathas
and Dr C.Lim
Chapter4: Dr R. Waterhouse, Mr D. Pavlickovski, Dr D. M. Kokotoff
and Dr J.T. Aberle
Chapter5: Dr R. Waterhouse, Dr H. K. Kan, Dr D. M. Kokotoff, Dr S.
D.Targonski, DrJ.T. Rowley and MrD. Pavlickovski
Chapter6: Dr R. Waterhouse, Dr W. S. T. Rowe, Dr D. Novak, Dr A.
Nirmalathas andDr C.Lim
Chapter7: Dr R.Waterhouse, Dr K. Ghorbani, Dr W. S.T. Rowe, Dr S.
D.Targonski,Mr L. Mall, Dr H. K. Kan,Dr D. Novak, Dr A.
Nirmalathas andDr C.Lim
Chapter8: Dr R.Waterhouse
Acknowledgements
Firstly, I would like to thank all my colleagues and former students who
directlyhelped contribute tothematerialpresentedinthisbook. These people
arelisted on page x and I very much enjoyed all the interactions we had over
the years. I would also like to thank all my technical colleagues who
contributed indirectly to this book by providing feedback on work presented
atconferences orreviewed injournals, orjust discussedattechnical meetings.
I would also like to thank members of the antenna community whose work
overtheyears inspired metoundertake someoftheworkpresented herein. A
special thank you goes to the professorial staff from the University of
Massachusetts and their former graduate students for their kindness
throughouttheyears.
I wouldlike to thank RMIT University for supportingthe activities that ledto
the body of work presented within this book. I would also like to thank the
institutions that helped fund much of this work, including the Australian
Research Council, CSIRO Australian National Telescope Facility, British
Aerospaceand theAustralian ArmyAgency.
Iwouldalso like to thankmyfamily andfriends whosesupport over theyears
is much appreciated. Special mention must be made to two wonderful
woman: Ilona and Margaret for all their love and devotion to Dalma and
myself over the years. And finally a special thank-you goes to Renee for
suggestions on thetitleofthebook- maybenexttime.
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 History
Often described as one of themost exciting developments in antenna
and electromagnetic history, the microstrip patch antenna has matured into
probably the most versatile solutions to many systems requiring a radiating
element. Microstrippatchantennasfall intothe categoryof printed antennas:
radiating elements that utilize printed circuit manufacturing processes to
develop the feed and radiating structure. Of all the printed antennas,
including dipoles, slots and tapered slots, microstrip patches are by far the
most popular and adaptable. This is because of all their salient features:
including ease of integration, good radiation control and low cost of
production.
The expression 'patch' is derived from the shape of the printed
conductor of the antenna: traditionally rectangular or circular. Figure 1.1.1
shows a photograph of a rectangular patch antenna (the patch conductor is
under the gray square. Microstrip patch antennas are typically resonant in
style as opposed to traveling wave and therefore are characterized by being
quiteefficientoverarelativelynarrowoperationbandwidth. Havingsaidthis,
over many years of research and development, some of the more advanced
forms of microstrip patches have responses that are more aligned to
characteristics of traveling wave antennas: of course at the expense of the
simplicityoftheantenna.
Figure1.1.1 PhotographofaMicrostripPatch Antenna(withcoverlayer)
R. B. Waterhouse, Microstrip Patch Antennas: A Designer’s Guide
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2003