Microburst Wind Shear Models From Joint Airport Weather Studies

198 Pages·2012·5.03 MB·English

FAA WJH Technical Center
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00092701
DOT I FAA/ PM-85-18 Microburst Wind Shear Models From
Joint Airport Weather Studies (JAWS)
Program Engineering &
Maintenance Service
Washington, D.C. 20591
.
I
Walter Frost
.... -
Ho-Pen Chang
i
FWG Associates, Inc.
'
Tullahoma, TN 37388
Kim L. Elmore
John McCarthy
Research Applications Program
National Center for Atmospheric Research
P.O. Box 3000
Boulder, CO 80307
June 1985
Final Report
.
I· This document is available to the public
through the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration
------------
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of
Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States
Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof.
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4. Title and 5ubtitln ·r,, R:ep~rt Dnt~
Microburst Wind Shear Models from June 1985
the Joint Airport Weather Studies (JAWS)
6. l',·rlorflltnq OrqnntJ1Jitl.u• Cndf•
- . Authorfr.) ------ ----------··---- ----------·"··-----· -· -·- 8. P,rfoflt1H1q O•qanill}fiOt' f.l(~r'~,., No.
7
Walter Frost, Ho-Pen Kim L. Elmore, John rthy
Ch~nge, Me~
9, Performing Organization Narne and Add•ess --~Work Unot No (TRAIS\
FWG Associates, Inc., Tullahoma, Tennessee 37388
National Center for Atmospheric Research ~1~1.· C~o-nt-ra-ct -or~ G-ra-nt~ N-o. ----------~
P. 0. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307 DTFA01-82-Y-10513
~- -~~------~
13. Type of Report and Period Caver"d
Sponsoring Agency Name and Address -------------------------~
Department of Transporation
Federal Aviation Administration J?inal Report
Program Engineering and Maintenance Service ~------~------------------
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
Washington, D. C. 20591 APM-310
··--------------------....l....------------------------j
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract
Abstract
Multiple Doppler radar data collected during the Joint Airport Weather Studies
(JAWS) Project is used to synthesize the three-dimensional wind in the region of
a microburst. A six-degree-of-freedom numerical aircraft model having
characteristics similar to Boeing 727 series aircraft is used to investigate jet
transport aircraft response to microburst winds during simulated approaches and
departures. Simple pilot control laws are used to adjust thrust, pitch, roll,
and yaw so as to maintain given approach or departure parameters. Generally,
1
when horizontal wind shear along the approach or departure path is 10 x 10-3 s-
or greater, the model is unable to maintain the desired approach path and suffers
a significant reduction in climb performance during a go-around or departure.
Although the mean wind shear along a path gives a good qualitative measure of the
wind shear threat to a jet transport, different paths with similar mean shears
can yield markedly different results, as do the same paths through the microburst
at different times, emphasizing the fine temporal and spatial scale of microburst
winds. Finally, during the approximate 30 s period required for the aircraft to
traverse the region of highest horizontal shear, time variations in the
microburst wind field are shown to insignificantly affect the modelled flight
path because the traverse period is a short time compared to the life time of a
microburst.
17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement
Microburst, Wind Shear, Doppler Document is available to the public
Weather Radar, Aviation Safety, through the National Technical Informati)n
Joint Airport Weather Studies Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161
19. Security Classil. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price
Unclassified Unclassified 197
Form DOT F 1700.7 !B-72l
Reproduction of completed page authorized
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
JAWS is funded partially by NCAR, the National Science Foundation,
the FAA through Interagency Agreement DTFAOl-82-Y-10513, NASA through
Interagency Agreement H-593148, and NOAA through a cooperative agreement
with the Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services of
NOAA•s Environmental Research Laboratories.
i i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
. . . . . . . . . . . ..
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Description of JAWS Proj~ct 1
1.2 Background 2
2.0 WIND FIELDS . . . . 7
2.1 Source of Data 7
2.2 Interpolation Technique 10
2.3 General Use of Data Sets 14
2.4 The Convective Microburst 18
2.5 Selection and Classification of Intense Wind Shear
Regions . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6 Flight Path Description . 24
. . . .
2.7 Corridor Data . 29
2.8 Using a Corridor Data Table 31
.
2 .8. 1 Approach Example 1 33
. . . .
2.8.2 Approach Example 2 33
2.8.3 Takeoff Example 33
2.8.4 Final Example 34
3.0 CONCLUSIONS 35
REFERENCES 37
APPENDICES 38
APPENDIX A: JAWS MULTIPLE DOPPLER DERIVED WINDS 39
APPENDIX B: SELECTION OF WIND SHEAR PATHS AND INTENSITY
CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . 55
APPENDIX C: DATA AND DATA TAPE ATTRIBUTES . . . . . . . 72
iii
SECTION PAGE
APPENDIX D: FORTRAN PROGRAMS FOR READING DATA SETS . . . 78
APPENDIX E: PLOT OF THE VECTOR WIND FIELD IN THE VERTICAL
CENTER OF EACH CORRIDOR DATA SET . 81
I I I • I
APPENDIX F: CORRIDOR DATA TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
iv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2.1. Parameters of Full-Volume Data Sets .. 12
2.2. Selected Flight Path for August 5, June 30, and July 14
Microbursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A.l. Estimated Uncertainty in JAWS Data . . . . . . . . . 51
A.2. FOR Reconstruction Data Versus Multiple Doppler Data 53
B.l. Recommended Flight Paths for Approach Landing Case . 60
8.2. Recommended Flight Paths for Takeoff Case .. 67
C.l. Listing of Data Sets on Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
E.l. Listing of the Vector Wind Field in the Vertical Center Plane
of Each Corridor Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
F. l. JAWS Corridor Data Set #l (along path AB in 5AU1845
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
F.2. JAWS Corridor Data Set #2 {along path AB in 5AU1847
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
F. 3. JAWS Corridor Data Set #3 (along path AB in 5AU1850
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
F.4. JAWS Corridor Data Set #4 {along path AB in 5AU1852
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
F. 5. JAWS Corridor Data Set #5 (along path EF in 30JN1821
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
IT
F.6. JAWS Corridor Data Set #6 (along path in 30JN1823
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
F. 7. JAWS Corridor Data Set #7 (along path EF in 30JN1826
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
F.8. JAWS Corridor Data Set #8 (along path TU in 14JL1452
measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
v
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1.1. JAWS Network Fixed Sites .......... .
4
1.2. Schematic Illustration of the Structure of the Data Grid
System: Three Wind Speed Components and Radar Reflectivity
are Provided at Each Grid Point . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Schematic of Multi-Doppler Radar Measurement Procedures 8
2.2. Dual Doppler Radar Analysis of a Severe Microburst, Seen
Over the JAWS Network on 14 July 1982 . . . . 9
2.3. Location of Full-Volume Data Sets Analyzed in this Program 11
2.4. Schematic Illustration of 3-D Interpolation Technique 13
2.5. Longitudinal Wind Speed Component, WLONG• at Different
Vertical Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.6. Nomenclature for Wind Speed Spatial Derivative Interpolation
Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.7. Interpolated Spatial Derivative of WLONG in the
x-Direction . . . . . 17
2.8. Microburst Statistics 19
2.9. Plot of Maximum Radar Reflectivity (echo intensity) as a
Function of Maximum Velocity Differential . . . . . . 21
2.10. Vertical Cross Section of the Evolution of the Microburst
Wind Field, Based on a Summary of Examining 50 Microbursts
with Doppler Radar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.11. Flight Paths Recommended for Wind Shear Simulations Overlaid
on Horizontal Wind Speed Vectors, August 5, 1982, 1847 MDT . 23
2.12. Flight Paths Recommended for Wind Shear Simulations Overlaid
on Horizontal Wind Speed Vectors, June 30, 1982, 1821 MDT 25
2.13. Flight Paths Recommended for Wind Shear Simulations Overlaid
on Horizontal Wind Speed Vectors, July 14, 1982, 1452 MDT 26
2.14. Definition of Path Coordinates and Direction for Paths
Tabulated in Table 2.2 . . . . . . . 28
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FIGURE PAGE
2.15. Description of Corridor Data Set Coordinate System and Its
Orientation Relative to the Full-Volume Data Set (the
example shown is along path AB; August 5, 1982,
microburst and the grid resolution shown in the lower left
is for this August 5 case) . . . . . ..... . 30
2.16. Excerpt from Typical Corridor Data Set Table (for complete
data see Table F.l, Appendix F) ..... 32
A.l. Two Doppler Radars Sampling a Common Point in Space 43
A.2. The Resolution of VrA and VrB Into Orothogonal Components 44
A.3. Two-Dimensional Schematic View (not to scale) of Doppler
Radar Data Overlaid by an Orthogonal Cartesian Grid 45
A.4. A Close-Up of the Cartesian Grid Point That is Used in a
Cressman Objective Analysis Scheme .......... . 45
A.5. The Concept of Continuity as It Applied to JAWS Analysis 47
B.l. Approach Path Definition and Orientation (relative to the
full-volume of August 5, 1982, microburst) 56
B.2. Approach Along Path CD- (z = 300 ft) 58
0
B.3. Approach Along Path CD (z = 400 ft) . 59
0
B.4. Takeoff Path Definition and Orientation (relative to the
full-volume of August 5, 1982, microburst) . 62
B.5. Takeoff Along Path AB (z = 66 ft) . 63
0
B.6. Takeoff Along Path IT (z = -164ft) 64
0
B.7. Takeoff Along Path CD as Influenced by the Location of the
Microburst Center Relative to the Runway ........ . 66
B.S. Approach Through Each Individual Full-Volume Data Set for
August 5, 1982, Without Considering Time Variations .... 69
B.9. Approach Through Time-Varying Wind Field Including 5AU1845,
5AU1847, and 5AU1850 Measurements ........... . 70
E. 1. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path AB, 5AU1845 ........... o . o o . o 83
Eo2. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path CD, 5AU1845 o o o .... o .. o o o . o o 83
Eo3. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
84
Set Along Path YZ, 5AU1845 . o o o o . o o . o o o . o . o
vii
FIGURE PAGE
E.4. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path IT, 5AU1845. . . . . . . . . ··84
E.5. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path KL, 5AU1845 . . . . . . . . . 85
E.6. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set A1 o ng Path GH, 5AU1845 . . . . . . 85
E.?. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path AB, 5AU1847 . . . . . . 86
E.8. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path CD, 5AU1847 . . . . . . . 86
E.9. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path YZ, 5AU1847 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
E. 10. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path IT, 5AU1847 . . . 87
E.ll. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path KL, 5AU1847 . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
E. 12. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path GH, 5AU1847 . . . . . . . . . . 88
E.l3. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path AB, 5AU1850 . . . . . . . 89
E.l4. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path CD, 5AU1850 . . . . . . . . . 89
E.l5. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path YZ, 5AU1850 . . . . . . . . . . . 90
E.l6. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path IT, 5AU1850 . . . . . . . . . . 90
E.l7. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path KL, 5AU1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
E.l8. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path GH, 5AU1850 . . . . . . . . 91
E.l9. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path AB, 5AU1852 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
E.20. Vector Wind Field in the Center Plane of the Corridor Data
Set Along Path CD, 5AU1852 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
viii