Microbiology. Principles and explorations

975 Pages·2012·51.51 MB·English

by  Jacquelyn G Black

Diseases and the Organisms that Cause Them
BACTERIAL DISEASES—ALSO SEE APPENDIX B
Disease Organism Type* Page Disease Organism Type* Page
acne Propionibacterium acnes R, (cid:11) 580 ornithosis Chlamydia psittaci coccoid, NA 661
actinomycosis Actinomyces israelii I, (cid:11) 592 (psittacosis)
anthrax Bacillus anthracis R, (cid:11) 94, 729–732 Oroyo fever (Carrion’s Bartonella coccoid, – 743
bacterial meningitis Haemophilus R, (cid:13) 768 disease, bacilliformis
influenzae bartonellosis)
Neisseria meningitidis C, (cid:13) 442,762 peptic ulcer Helicobacter R, – 697–698
Streptococcus C, (cid:11) 763 pylori
pneumoniae periodontal disease Porphyromonas R, – 686–687
Listeria R, (cid:13) 763 gingivalis and others
monocytogenes pharyngitis Streptococcus C, (cid:11) 645–646
bacterial vaginitis Gardnerella vaginalis R, (cid:13) 613 (strep throat) pyogenes
botulism Clostridium botulinum R, (cid:11) 411, 689, 773–775 plague (black death) Yersinia pestis R, – 333,
brucellosis (undulant Brucella sp.(cid:29) CB, (cid:13) 736–737 bubonic plague 733–734
fever, Malta fever) pneumonic
cat scratch fever Afipia felis, R, (cid:13) 598 plague
Bartonella henselae CB,NA pneumonia Streptococcus C, (cid:11) 653–654
chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi R, (cid:13) 623 pneumoniae
cholera (Asiatic Vibrio cholerae vibrio, (cid:13) 411, 693–695 Klebsiella pneumoniae R, – 126, 169,
cholera) 654, 674
conjunctivitis Haemophilus CB, (cid:13) 592 pneumonia, atypical Mycoplasma I,NA 655
aegyptius (walking pneumonia) pneumoniae
dental caries Streptococcus mutans C, (cid:11) 684–686 pseudomembranous Clostridium difficile R, (cid:11) 698–699
diptheria Corynebacterium R, (cid:11) 684–686 colitis
diptheriae puerperal fever Streptococcus C, (cid:11) 725
ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia sp. R,NA 743 (childbed fever) pyogenes
endocarditis Enterococcus faecalis C, (cid:11) 726–727 Q fever Coxiella burnetti CB, NA 333, 661–662
food poisoning Staphylococcus C, (cid:11) 411, 688–689 rat bite fever Spirillum minor S, – 598–599
aureus Streptobacillus R, – 598–599
Streptococcus C, (cid:11) 724 moniliformis
pyogenes relapsing fever Borrelia sp. S, – 736–737
Clostridium R, (cid:11) 411, 689 rheumatic fever Streptococcus pyogenes C, (cid:11) 725–726
perfringens rickettsialpox Rickettsia akari CB, NA 742
Clostridium botulinum R, (cid:11) 689 Rocky Mountain Rickettsia rickettsii CB, NA 741–742
Bacillus cereus R, (cid:11) 689 spotted fever
salmonellosis Salmonella sp. R, – 690–691
Listeria R, (cid:11) 763 shigellosis (bacillary Shigella sp. R, – 691–693
monocytogenes dysentery)
Campylobacter sp. R, (cid:13) 392, 689–690, 695 skin and wound Staphylococcus C, (cid:11) 578
Shigella sp. R, (cid:13) 411, 691–693 infections (scalded aureus
Salmonella sp. R, (cid:13) 391, 690–691 skin syndrome, Staphylococcus epidermidis C, (cid:11) 579
Vibrio parahaemolyticus R, (cid:13) 695 scarlet fever, Streptococcus sp. C, (cid:11) 579
gas gangrene Clostridium R, (cid:13) 597–598 erysipelas, impetigo, Providencia stuartii R, – 580
perfringens and etc.) Pseudomonas aeruginosa R, – 581
others Serratia marcescens R, – 198, 581
gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae C, (cid:13) 616–620 syphilis Treponema pallidum S, – 620–623
granuloma inguinale Calymmatobacterium R, (cid:13) 627 tetanus Clostridium tetani R, (cid:11) 772–773
(donovanosis) granulomatis toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus C, (cid:11) 614–615
Hansen’s disease Mycobacterium leprae R, A-F 405, 770–773 trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis coccoid, NA 592
(leprosy) trench fever Rochalimaea quintana CB, NA 333, 742–743
Legionnaires’ disease Legionella R, (cid:13) 655–656 tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis R, A-F 656–661
(legionellosis) pneumophilia tuberculosis, avian Mycobacterium avium R, A-F 659
leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans S, (cid:13) 612–613 tularemia Francisella tularensis R, – 333, 734–736
listeriosis Listeria R, (cid:11) 763 typhoid fever Salmonella typhi R, – 691
monocytogenes typhus, endemic Rickettsia typhi CB,NA 740–741
Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi S, (cid:13) 333, 737–740 (murine typhus)
lymphogranuloma Chlamydia coccoid, 626–627 typhus, epidemic Rickettsia prowazekii CB,NA 741
venereum trachomatis NA typhus, recrudescent Rickettsia prowazekii CB,NA 741
Madura foot Actinomadura, I, (cid:11), some 592 (Brill-Zinsser
(maduromycosis) Streptomyces, A-F disease)
Nocardia typhus, scrub Rickettsia CB,NA 741
nongonococcal Chlamydia R,VAR 625–626 (tsutsugamushi tsutsugamushi
urethritis (NGU) trachomatis disease)
Ureaplasma I,NA 626
urealyticum
Diseases and the Organisms that Cause Them (Continued)
BACTERIAL DISEASES—ALSO SEE APPENDIX B
Disease Organism Type* Page
verruga peruana Bartonella bacilliformis coccoid, (cid:13) 743
*Key to types:
(bartonellosis)
vibriosis Vibrio R, (cid:13) 695 C (cid:29) coccus I (cid:29) irregular VAR (cid:29) Gram-variable
parahaemolyticus CB (cid:29) coccobacillus (cid:13) (cid:29) Gram-negative A-F (cid:29) acid-fast
whooping cough Bordetella pertussis CB, (cid:13) 651–653 R (cid:29) rod (cid:11) (cid:29) Gram-positive NA (cid:29) not applicable
(pertussis) S (cid:29) spiral
yersiniosis Yersinia enterocolitica R, (cid:13) 697 (cid:29)Species
VIRAL DISEASES
Disease Virus Reservoir Page Disease Virus Reservoir Page
aplastic crisis in erythrovirus (B19) humans 749 herpes, oral usually herpes humans 277, 628
sickle cell anemia simplex type 1,
avian (bird) flu influenza birds 663–665 sometimes type 2
bronchitis, rhinitis parainfluenza humans, 650–651 HIV disease, human humans 276,
some other AIDS immunodeficiency 553–561
mammals virus (HIV)
Burkitt’s lymphoma Epstein-Barr humans 745–747 infectious Epstein-Barr humans 745
cervical cancer human papillomavirus humans 277, 588 mononucleosis
632 influenza influenza swine, 276, 280,
chickenpox varicella-zoster humans 281–284 humans 514
584–585 (type A) 660–664
coryza (common rhinovirus humans 276, 649–650 humans 276, 280
cold) coronavirus humans 649 (type B) 514, 663–669
cytomegalic inclusion cytomegalovirus humans 633 humans 763
disease (type C) 663–669
Dengue fever Dengue humans 333, 744–745 Lassa fever arenavirus rodents 748
encephalitis Colorado tick fever mammals 333, 748 measles (rubeola) measles humans 276, 583–584
Eastern equine birds 276, 427, meningoencephalitis herpes humans 630, 768
encephalitis 767 molluscum poxvirus group humans 587
St. Louis birds 767 contagiosum
encephalitis monkeypox orthopoxvirus humans, 587
Venezuelan equine rodents 276, 767 monkeys
encephalitis mumps paramyxovirus humans 687–688
Western equine birds 276, 333, pneumonia adenoviruses, humans 653–655
encephalitis 428, 767 respiratory
epidemic adenovirus humans 594–595 syncytial virus
keratoconjunctivitis poliomyelitis poliovirus humans 276, 775–777
fifth disease (eryth- erythrovirus (B19) humans 277, 749 rabies rabies all warm- 764–767
ema infectiosum) blooded
hantavirus bunyavirus rodents 277, 670 animals
pulmonary respiratory infections adenovirus humans 674
syndrome polyomavirus none 768
hemorrhagic fever Ebola virus humans (?) 277, 748 Rift Valley fever bunyavirus humans 748
(filovirus) (phlebovirus) sheep, cattle
Marburg virus humans (?) 277, 747 roseola human herpes humans 584
(filovirus) virus-6
hemorrhagic fever, arenavirus rodents and 748 rubella (German rubella humans 276, 582–583
Bolivian humans measles)
hemorrhagic fever, bunyavirus rodents 277, 747– 748 SARS (sudden acute coronavirus animal 669
Korean (Hantaan) respiratory syndrome)
hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis A humans shingles varicella-zoster humans 277, 584–585
hepatitis) 276, 701–703 smallpox variola (major and humans 277, 585–586
hepatitis B (serum hepatitis B humans 277, 703 minor)
hepatitis) viral enteritis rotavirus humans 699–701
hepatitis C (non-A, hepatitis C humans 704 warts, common human humans 277, 587–589
non-B) (papillomas) papillomavirus
hepatitis D (delta hepatitis D humans 704 warts, genital human humans 277, 587–589,
hepatitis) (condylomas) papillomavirus 631–632
hepatitis E (enteric- hepatitis E humans 704 West Nile West Nile birds 768
ally transmitted yellow fever yellow fever monkeys, 276, 279,
non-A, non-B, humans, 333, 745
non-C) mosquitoes
herpes, genital usually herpes humans 277,
simplex type 2, 629–631
sometimes type 1
The tables of fungal and parasitic diseases appear on the following page.
Diseases and the Organisms that Cause Them (Concluded)
UNCONVENTIONAL AGENTS
Disease Agent Resevior Page Disease Agent Resevior Page
chronic wasting disease prion elk, deer 779 mad cow disease prion cattle 779
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease prion humans 777–778 (bovine spongiform
kuru prion humans 778 encephalopathy)
scrapie prion sheep 778–779
FUNGAL DISEASES
Disease Organism Page Disease Organism Page
aspergillosis Aspergillus sp 591, 673 histoplasmosis Histoplasma 672
blastomycosis Blastomyces 590–591 capsulatum
dermatitidis Pneumocystis Pneumocystis carinii 672–673
candidiasis Candida albicans 591 pneumonia
coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis 671–672 ringworm (tinea) various species of 589–590
(San Joaquin valley Epidermophyton,
fever) Trichophyton,
cryptococcosis Filobasidiella 672 Microsporum
neoformans sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii 590
ergot poisoning Claviceps purpurea 822 zygomycosis Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp 591
PARASITIC DISEASES
Disease Organism Type Page Disease Organism Type Page
Acanthamoeba Acanthamoeba protozoan 436 malaria Plasmodium sp. protozoan 314, 441,
keratitis culbertsoni 750–753
African sleeping Trypanosoma brucei protozoan 333–334 pediculosis (lice Pediculus humanus louse 600
sickness gambiense and 780–782 infestation)
(trypanosomiasis) T. brucei rhodesiense pinworm Enterobius vermicularis roundworm 715
amoebic dysentery Entamoeba histolytica protozoan 705–706 river blindness Onchocerca volvulus roundworm 595–596
ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides roundworm 713–714 (onchocerciasis)
babesiosis Babesia microti protozoan 753 scabies (sarcoptic Sarcoptes scabiei mite 599–600
balantidiasis Balantidium coli protozoan 706–707 mange)
Chagas’ disease Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan 333, 781–783 schistosomiasis Schistosoma sp. flatworm 327, 727–728
chigger dermatitis Trombicula sp. mite 599 sheep liver fluke Fasciola hepatica flatworm 708–709
chigger infestation Tunga penetrans sandflea 599 (fascioliasis)
Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis flatworm 709 strongyloidiasis Strongyloides roundworm 714–715
crab louse Phthirus pubis louse 600 stercoralis
cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium sp. protozoan 707 swimmer’s itch Schistosoma sp. flatworm 592
dracunculiasis Dracunculus medinensis roundworm 329–330, 592 tapeworm Hymenolepsis nana flatworm 709–711
(Guinea worm) infestation (dwarf tapeworm)
elephantiasis Wuchereria bancrofti roundworm 329, 729 (taeniasis) Taenia saginata (beef flatworm 326, 328
(filariasis) tapeworm) 709–711
fasciiolopsiasis Fasciolopsis buski flatworm 709 Taenia solium (pork flatworm 709–711
giardiasis Giardia intestinalis protozoan 704–705 tapeworm)
heartworm disease Dirofilaria immitis roundworm 310, 724 Diphyllobothrium latum flatworm 709–711
hookworm Ancylostoma duodenale roundworm 713 (fish tapeworm)
(Old World Echinococcus flatworm 709–711
hookworm) granulosus
Necator americanus roundworm 713 (dog tapeworm)
(New World toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii protozoan 753–754
hookworm) trichinosis Trichinella spiralis roundworm 310, 329, 712
leishmaniasis Leishmania braziliensis protozoan 333, 749–750 trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan 615–616
kala azar L. donovani trichuriasis Trichuris trichiura roundworm 714
oriental sore L. tropica (whipworm)
liver/lung fluke Paragonimus flatworm 326, 673 visceral larva Toxocara sp. roundworm 714
(paragonimiasis) westermani migrans
loaiasis Loa loa roundworm 336, 596

Microbiology
8
TH EDITION
PRINCIPLES AND EXPLORATIONS

Microbiology
8
TH EDITION
PRINCIPLES AND EXPLORATIONS
JACQUELYN G. BLACK
Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia
:
CONTRIBUTOR
LAURA J. BLACK
Laura Black has been working on this book since
she was ten years old. She has been a contributing
author for the past two editions.
JACQUELYN and LAURA BLACK
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
TO LAURA . . .
for sharing her mother and much of her childhood
with that greedy sibling ‘‘the book.’’
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Black, Jacquelyn G.
Microbiology : principles and explorations / Jacquelyn G. Black.—8th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-54109-8 (hardback)
Binder-Ready Version ISBN 978-1-118-12923-4
I. Title.
616.9´041—dc23 2011032988

Printed in the United States of America
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