Methods of Signal Processing for Adaptive Antenna Arrays PDF
Preview Methods of Signal Processing for Adaptive Antenna Arrays
Signals and Communication Technology 6 Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4748 Larysa Titarenko and Alexander Barkalov Methods of Signal Processing for Adaptive Antenna Arrays ABC Authors Prof.Dr.LarysaTitarenko Prof.Dr.AlexanderBarkalov InstituteofInformaticsandElectronics InstituteofInformaticsandElectronics UniversityofZielonaGora UniversityofZielonaGora ZielonaGora ZielonaGora Poland Poland ISSN1860-4862 ISBN978-3-642-32131-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-32132-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-32132-0 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012942953 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpub- lication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforany errorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespect tothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Thebookisdedicatedto theblessed memory ofLeonid Marchuk Acknowledgements WewouldliketothankourPhDstudentsSlawomirChmielewski,OlenaHebdaand LukaszSmolinski.Theyhelpedusa lotwith preparationofthismanuscript.They worked with us on initial planning of this work, distribution of tasks during the project,andfinalassemblyofthisbook. Contents 1 Introduction................................................... 1 2 GeneralCharacteristicofMethodsforSTSP ...................... 5 2.1 AnalysisofMethodsofNonadaptiveSpatialSignalProcessing .... 5 2.2 AnalysisofPeculiaritiesofAdaptiveSpatialSignalProcessing .... 9 2.3 AnalysisofNon-structuralMethodsofAdaptiveSTSP ........... 9 2.4 AnalysisofClassicalStructuralMethodsofAdaptiveSTSP ....... 10 References..................................................... 15 3 BackgroundofClassicalTheoryofASSP ......................... 17 3.1 AnalysisofTypicalDescriptionofSignal-NoiseSituation ........ 17 3.2 IntroductionintoSystemofCriteriaofOptimality ............... 19 3.3 AnalysisofAlgorithmsofAdaptiveSpace-TimeSignal Processing ................................................ 26 References..................................................... 32 4 FeaturesofASSPunderDifferentLevelsofA-PrioriUncertainty.... 35 4.1 Analysis of Peculiarities of ASSP with DifferentLevelsof A-PrioriUncertainty........................................ 35 4.2 NatureofaPrioriUncertaintyaboutPropertiesofSignaland Noise..................................................... 37 4.3 MethodsofSSPunderGeneralizedParametricUncertaintyabout theNoiseProperties ........................................ 40 4.4 MethodsofSP undera PrioryParametricUncertaintyabout PropertiesofUsefulSignal................................... 44 References..................................................... 49 5 AlgorithmsofASSPwithNotExactlyKnownParameters .......... 51 5.1 MainApproachesforDevelopmentofAlgorithmsofASSPwith NotExactlyKnownParameters............................... 51 X Contents 5.2 ProbabilisticApproachforSynthesisofRobustAlgorithmsof ASSP .................................................... 53 5.3 Deterministic Approach:Robust Algorithms of ASSP for ModifiedOptimizationTasks................................. 58 5.4 RestrictionsforValueofArbitraryDirectivityCharacteristicof Antenna .................................................. 61 5.5 AdditionalLinearRestrictions................................ 67 5.6 RestrictionsofStandardDeviationforDirectivityCharacteristic ofAAfromtheGivenValue ................................. 70 5.7 CorrelativeRestrictions ..................................... 73 5.8 RestrictionsfortheShapeofAmplitude-PhaseDistributionof CurrentsinChannelsofAA.................................. 74 5.9 RestrictionforValueofModulusofOutputSignalofAA ......... 76 5.10 RestrictionsforValueofNormofWeightCoefficients............ 77 5.11 PeculiaritiesofRobustnizationforAlgorithmsofASSP .......... 77 5.12 ApproximationofControlVectorbySectionofTaylorSeries...... 78 5.13 ProjectionApproach........................................ 80 5.14 Robustnization of ASSP Algorithms Using Nonlinear TransformationsofInputSignals.............................. 82 5.15 Restrictionsof Existed Methodsof ASPS with Not Exactly KnownParameters ......................................... 83 References..................................................... 85 6 BackgroundofASSPwithNotExactlyKnownParameters ......... 87 6.1 ElementsofAxiomaticandSomeAnalogies.................... 87 6.2 GeneralizedLinearSystemsofRayleighandCentrosymmetric Matrices .................................................. 90 6.3 AlgorithmsofASFBasingonOperators’ConstructioninBanach Space .................................................... 91 6.4 MethodsofConstructionofOperators ......................... 95 6.5 MinimaxApproachforOperator’sConstructionandPrincipleof Comparison ...............................................110 6.6 AdaptiveApproachforConstructionofOperators ...............118 6.7 OptimizationTaskswith SquaredRestrictionsoftheUnstrict InequalitiesType...........................................120 6.8 ConstructionofOptimizationTaskswithMixedRestrictions ......128 6.9 ConstructionofOptimizationTaskswith GeneralizedMixed Restrictions ...............................................132 6.10 Conclusion................................................134 References.....................................................136 7 SynthesisofASFAlgorithmsforNotExactlyKnownParameters....139 7.1 SynthesisofMinimaxAlgorithms.............................139 7.2 SynthesisofAdaptiveAlgorithms.............................148 Contents XI 7.3 SynthesisofAlgorithmsforAdaptationofStructures ofOperatorstoCurrentSIE ..................................155 7.4 AnalysisofQualityforASFAlgorithmsforSignalswithNot ExactlyKnownParameters ..................................162 References.....................................................165 8 AlgorithmsofASPforNotExactlyKnownParameters.............167 8.1 TaskofSynthesisforAlgorithmsofSpatialPartitioning asaTaskofOperatorConstruction ............................167 8.2 ConstructingMinimaxOperators .............................171 8.3 SynthesisofAlgorithmsforAdaptiveSpatialSignalPartition......175 8.4 AnalysisofQualityofASFAlgorithms ........................185 8.5 AlgorithmofASFforLow-ElementAntennaArrays.............193 References.....................................................202 9 Conclusion ....................................................205 A PropertiesofBundlesandCentrosymmetricMatrices ..............209 References.....................................................218 B InequalitiesforMatrixNormsandProperValuesofBundlesof HermitianForms ..............................................219 References.....................................................222 C MethodologyforConstructionofCentrosymmetricMatrices........223 D EquivalenceofOptimizationTasks...............................225 References.....................................................226 Index .............................................................227 Abbreviations AA antennaarray AAA adaptiveantennaarray AE antennaelements ASF adaptivespatialfiltration ASSP adaptivespatialsignalprocessing ASP adaptivespatialpartitioning ASPSP adaptivespatial-temporalsignalprocessing CFC complexfrequencycharacteristic CM correlationmatrix DC directivitycharacteristic DL delayline EW electromagneticwave FC frequencycharacteristic HF Hermetianform MFL ModifiedfunctionofLagrange MSD minimum for standard deviation of signal respectively to reference signal MPOSR minimumforpowerofoutputsignalunderrestrictions MPSOS minimumforpowerofsummarizedoutputsignal MRSI maximumofrelationforpowerofusefulsignaltototalpowerofin- terferenceandnoise OF objectivefunction OLF optimallinearfiltration PN propernumber PV propervector RSIN maximumofoutputrelationsignal/(interference+noise) SF spacefilter SFF space-frequencyfilter SIE signal-interferenceenvironment SP signalprocessing SSP spatialsignalprocessing XIV Abbreviations STSP spatial-temporalsignalprocessing TRW transmissionofradiowaves VWC vectorofweightcoefficients
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