Methods of Organic Analysis PDF
Preview Methods of Organic Analysis
This book is the revised English edition of "Szerves kemiai analizis" published by Miiszaki Konyvkiado, Budapest Translated by Ildiko Egyed and Judit Gaal JOINT EDITION PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY, AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS AND AKADEMIAI KIAD6, THE PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY The distribution of this book is being handled by the following publishers for the U.S.A. and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 52, VANDERBILT AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017, U.S.A. for the East European Countries, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, People's Republic of Mongolia, Republic of Cuba and Socialist Republic of Vietnam Kultura Hungarian Foreign Trading Company P.O.B. 149, H-1389 Budapest 62, Hungary for all remaining areas ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY 1, MOLENWERF P.O. BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mazor, Laszlo. Methods of organic analysis. (Wilson and Wilson's Comprehensive analytical chemistry; v. 15) Rev. translation of: Szerves kemiai analizis. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Chemistry, Analytic, 2. Chemistry, Organic. I. Title. II. Series: Comprehensive analytical chemistry; v. 15. QD75.W75 vol. 15 [QD271] 543s [547.3] 81-17371 AACR2 ISBN 0-444-99704-0 (Vol. XV) ISBN 0-444-41735-4 (Series) © AKADEMIAI KIADO, BUDAPEST 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in Hungary COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ADVISORY BOARD G. den Boef, PH.D. Professor of Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam A. Hulanicki, PH.D. Professor of Chemistry, University of Warsaw J. Inczedy, PH.D., D.SC. Professor of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Engineering, Veszprem H.M.N.H. Irving, M.A., D.PHIL., F.R.S.C. Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cape Town G. Tolg, PH.D. Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Metal Research, Stuttgart D. W. Wilson, M.SC, F.R.S.C. Formerly Head of the Department of Chemistry, City of London Polytechnic EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Alan Robinson, B.A. Department of Pharmacy, The Queen s University of Belfast Volume XV METHODS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS by L. MAZOR Professor of Analytical Chemistry Institute for General and Analytical Chemistry Technical University of Budapest Wilson and Wilson's COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Edited by G. Svehla, PH. D., D. SC., F.R.S.C. Reader in Analytical Chemistry The Queen s University of Belfast VOLUME XV METHODS OF ORGANIC ANALYSIS BY L. MAZOR ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM — OXFORD — NEW YORK 1983 WILSON AND WILSON'S COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY VOLUMES IN THE SERIES Vol. IA Analytical Processes Gas Analysis Inorganic Qualitative Analysis Organic Qualitative Analysis Inorganic Gravimetric Analysis Vol. IB Inorganic Titrimetric Analysis Organic Quantitative Analysis Vol. IC Analytical Chemistry of the Elements Vol. IIA Electrochemical Analysis Electrodeposition Potentiometric Titrations Conductometric Titrations High-frequency Titrations Vol. IIB Liquid Chromatography in Columns Gas Chromatography Ion Exchangers Distillation Vol. IIC Paper and Thin-Layer Chromatography Radiochemical Methods Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Methods X-Ray Spectrometry Coulometric Analysis Vol. IID Vol. Ill Elemental Analysis with Minute Samples Standards and Standardization Separations by Liquid Amalgams Vacuum Fusion Analysis of Gases in Metals Electroanalysis in Molten Salts Vol. IV Instrumentation for Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Vol. V Emission Spectroscopy Analytical Microwave Spectroscopy Analytical Application of Electron Microscopy Vol. VI Analytical Infrared Spectroscopy Vol. VII Thermal Methods in Analytical Chemistry Substoichiometric Analytical Methods Vol. VIII Enzyme Electrodes in Analytical Chemistry Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy Photometric Titrations Analytical Applications of Interferometry Vol. IX Ultraviolet Photoelectron and Photoion Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy Plasma Excitation in Spectrochemical Analysis Vol. X Organic Spot Test Analysis The History of Analytical Chemistry Vol. XI The Application of Mathematical Statistics in Analytical Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Ion Selective Electrodes Vol. XII Thermal Analysis Part A. Simultaneous Thermoanalytical Examinations by Means of the Derivatograph Part B. Biochemical and Clinical Applications of Thermometric and Thermal Analysis Vol. XIII AA nalysis of Complex Hydrocarbon Mixtures P] art A. Separation Methods P] art B. Group Analysis and Detailed Analysis Vol. XIV Ion Exchangers in Analytical Chemistry Vol. XV Methods of Organic Analysis Vol XVI -Chemical Microscopy Thermomicroscopy of Organic Compounds Vol. XVII Gas and Liquid Analysers Vol. XVIII Kinetic Methods in Chemical Analysis To my grandchildren Corinna and Dominique Nobilis Preface In Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, the aim is to provide a work which, in many instances, should be a self-sufficient reference work, but where this is not possible, it should at least be a starting point for any analytical investigation. It is hoped to include the widest selection of analytical topics that is possible in the compass of the work, and to give material in sufficient detail to allow it to be used directly, not only by professional analytical chemists, but also by those workers whose use of analytical methods is incidental to their work rather than continual. Where it is not possible to give details of methods, full reference to the pertinent original literature is made. Volume XV covers one topic: organic analysis. In earlier volumes there were some chapters devoted to this field. The Author's Preface makes it clear that overlaps and repetitions have been avoided, as far as possible. Tlje present text describes the subject in more depth and detail than the earlier chapters, and covers developments which have occurred since their publication. The author has published very successful books on the subject in Hungarian and in English; we hope that this English version will be equally well received. The present Editor remembers with affection those years which, as a student and later as junior colleague, he spent in close association with Professor Mazor. Dr. C. L. Graham of the University of Birmingham, England, assisted in the production of the present volume; his contribution is acknowledged with many thanks. July, 1982 G. Svehla xix Author's Preface The past fifteen years or so have seen significant developments and transformations in the field of organic chemical analysis. Formerly, this branch of science was favoured by manually skilled organic chemists, usually experts in mechanics, too, who could enjoy refined manual work combined with the satisfaction of research and development. The diligent work of a number of outstanding researchers of this type produced the new selective and sensitive micro-reactions in qualitative analysis and the fast and precise quantitative micro-methods—the latter developed by the famous Pregl school. (See: F. Pregl: Die quantitative organische Mikro- analyse, 6. Aufl., Springer, Wien, 1949). Nowadays, not least because of skilful advertising by instrument manufacturers, instrumental methods seem to have taken over the traditional fields of qualitative and quantitative analysis, although experts often emphasize that classical chemical methods still retain a definite role even today. Undoubtedly, routine-type quantitative determinations can be performed very well with automatic devices, in qualitative analysis the importance of ultraviolet, infrared, NMR and mass spectrometry steadily increases, and modern chromatographic methods also have their role to play. Even the aforementioned chemical microanalytical methods do not require skilled, highly trained chemists, because all the devices, with their spare and optional parts, are of reliable quality, even though mass produced. Their creation formerly needed the special skill of the microanalyst. Thus, qualified chemists may be reserved for research, development or management, while routine work can be left to skilled technicians and assistants. Anyone who follows the vast amount of research and development now taking place in the field of organic analysis, but who at the same time is familiar with the work done in industrial laboratories, would agree that xxi
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