Methodology of Highway Engineering Structural Design and Construction

275 Pages·2021·19.46 MB·English

by  Hanhua Zhu, Lei Shi

Advanced Topics in Science
and Technology in China 59
Hanhua Zhu
Lei Shi
Methodology of Highway
Engineering Structural
Design and Construction
Advanced Topics in Science and Technology
in China
Volume 59
ZhejiangUniversityisoneoftheleadinguniversitiesinChina.InAdvancedTopics
inScienceandTechnologyinChina,ZhejiangUniversityPressandSpringerjointly
publishmonographsbyChinesescholarsandprofessors,aswellasinvitedauthors
and editors from abroad who are outstanding experts and scholars in their fields.
This series will be of interest to researchers, lecturers, and graduate students alike.
AdvancedTopics inScience andTechnologyinChina aimstopresent thelatest
and most cutting-edge theories, techniques, and methodologies in various research
areas in China. It covers all disciplines in the fields of natural science and
technology, including but not limited to, computer science, materials science, the
life sciences, engineering, environmental sciences, mathematics, and physics.
If you are interested in publishing your book in the series, please contact:
Dr. Mengchu Huang, E-mail: [email protected]
This book series is index by the SCOPUS database.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7887
Hanhua Zhu Lei Shi
(cid:129)
Methodology of Highway
Engineering Structural
Design and Construction
123
Hanhua Zhu LeiShi
HighwayBureau of ZhejiangProvince TibetLingzhicao Construction Consulting
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Group Co.,Ltd.
Lhasa,Xizang,China
ISSN 1995-6819 ISSN 1995-6827 (electronic)
AdvancedTopicsin Science andTechnology inChina
ISBN978-981-15-6543-4 ISBN978-981-15-6544-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6544-1
JointlypublishedwithZhejiangUniversityPress
TheprinteditionisnotforsaleinChinaMainland.CustomersfromChinaMainlandpleaseorderthe
printbookfrom:ZhejiangUniversityPress.
©ZhejiangUniversityPressandSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2021
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublishers,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublishers,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Foreword
This is a book about highway engineering structural design and construction
technology, which is very professional, and is the authors’ summary of decades of
practical experience and his understanding of theoretical thinking. The author Zhu
Hanhuaisaseniorengineerwithrichexperienceinengineeringdesign,andhehas
accumulated a large number of cases in years of practice on highways in Sichuan
and Tibet, where the design and construction techniques are very difficult; author
Shi Lei, graduated from Zhejiang University, has been building roads and bridges
inSichuanandTibetformorethan20years,andhasrichexperienceinconstruction
and unique theoretical insight. The joint work of both of them, with theory and
practice, problem-centered, targeted and down-to-earth, can be a practical manual
for technical personnel in highway engineering structural design and construction.
To tell the truth, I don’t understand most of the contents of this book. I don’t
understand engineering technology, let alone the design and construction of high-
wayengineeringstructures.ThereasonwhyIamwritingtheprefacetothisbookis
that I sincerely admire the two authors’ spirit of consciously using philosophical
methodology to solve problems of engineering technology, and I want to support
andencouragethisexploration.Thetwoauthors,onefromComradeMaoZedong’s
hometown and the other from Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s hometown, were full of
reverenceforthesetwogreatmenfromanearlyage.Theylikedreadingtheirbooks
andlearningtheirspiritualstyleandwaysoflifewhentheywereyoung.Theyread
through the Selected Works of Mao Zedong (Volume 1–4) and the Selected Works
of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 1–3), especially inspired by the world outlook and
methodologyofthetwogreatmeninsolvingmajorproblemsinChina’srevolution,
construction and reform by applying Marxist philosophy. They get inspiration and
reference from it, and want to use the Marxist world outlook and methodology to
solve the problems in their work, that is, the design and construction of highway
engineering structures.
Theauthorsofthisbook,lookingatthesimilarities anddifferencesbetweenthe
two modes of thinking in Chinese and Western philosophy and their complemen-
tation, think that in the field of engineering technology, the advantages of the two
modes of thinking should also be absorbed to avoid their shortcomings. For
v
vi Foreword
example, Western philosophy pays attention to analysis and synthesis, induction
and deduction, while Chinese philosophy pays attention to integration and con-
nection, intuition and understanding, etc., which can all be applied to highway
engineering structural design and construction. The world outlook and methodol-
ogy of Marxist philosophy are more instructive. For example, both “two-point
theory”and“keytheory”arerequired;notonlytograspthemaincontradictionsand
majoraspectsofthosecontradictions,butalsotocoverthewholetoachieveagood
overall balance. The authors believe that simplification of complex problems is an
important method for mechanical analysis of engineering problems, but to realize
that, the unity of overall control and the control of details should be achieved.
Simplification of complex problems is conditional, and maintaining a stable equi-
librium of the system is the key.
Theauthorsofthisbookalsopayattentiontoabsorbingspiritual nutrients from
the red culture. For example, they extracted a method of comprehensive analysis
fromComradeMaoZedong’sOnProtractedWar,consideredthatthe“threemagic
weapons”oftheCommunistPartyofChina,thatistheunitedfront,armedstruggle
and party building, can be used by analogy and reference in the structural design
and construction of highway projects; Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s “emancipating
the mind and seeking truth from facts” can also become the ideological line fol-
lowed in engineering design, etc.
What is commendable is that the fifth chapter, “Application of Typical
Engineering”, and the sixth chapter, “Analysis of Typical Problems”, of the book
analyze a large number of problems and cases in the structural design and con-
struction of highway engineering, and contain the authors’ unique line of thought
and suggestions, which fully embody the “living soul” of the dialectics of “cir-
cumstances alter cases” and “everything depends on time and place”. Only the
colleagues engaged in structural design and construction of highway engineering
can realize the mystery and benefit from it.
The last part of the book includes Academician Pan Jiazheng’s article
PhilosophicalThinkingintheConstructionofWaterConservationProjectsandmy
article DialecticsofReformandOpening-up.Ithinktheauthorsmean tousethese
two articles as evidence to illustrate the fact that large-scale projects cannot work
without philosophical thinking and guidance. Academician Pan’s article explains
that the construction of water conservation projects should be guided by a philo-
sophical world outlook and methodology. My article explains that the reform and
opening-up is also a big project and cannot be separated from the guidance of
Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism. This article of mine is
myexperienceoflearningfromGeneralSecretaryXiJinping’simportantstatement
oncomprehensivelydeepeningthereform.GeneralSecretaryXiJinpinghassetan
example for us in the process of leading the comprehensive deepening of the
reform, and he is a model of learning philosophy and using philosophy. Xi
Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the
latest development of Marxism, and is Marxism in the twenty-first century.
Foreword vii
TheinspirationfrommyreadingofthisbookisthataMarxistworldoutlookand
methodology can not only guide the governance of the country, but also guide
engineeringtechnology.Engineeringandtechnicalpersonnelshouldnotonlyhave
excellent professional qualities, but they should also have a basic philosophical
background.Usingacorrectworldoutlookandmethodologyasguidance,theywill
often get more with less and achieve greater success.
Once again, I would liketo paytributetothetwo engineers and techniciansfor
their valuable philosophical exploration.
Beijing, China Feng Jun
Feng Jun is a philosopher, professor and doctoral supervisor, who has successively held the
following positions: Vice President of Renmin University of China and Dean of the School of
Philosophy, Chairman of the Chinese Society of the History of Foreign Philosophy, Deputy
ChairmanofthePhilosophyTeachingSteeringCommitteeoftheMinistryofEducation,Executive
Vice President of the China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong, Deputy Director of the
CentralPartyHistoryResearchOffice,andExecutiveVicePresidentoftheChineseCommunist
PartyHistoricalSociety,etc.
Preface
Comprehensive statistical data show that among the death toll of various incidents
ofcollapseincivilengineering,undergroundworksaccountfor32.6%,foundation
pit excavation and retaining wall collapse account for 23.9%, the collapse of
temporary facilities and supporting elements account for 32.6%, and structural
collapse such as road bridges account for 9.9%, but the number of critically
damaged bridges with a service life of less than 30 years accounts for 64% of the
total number of critically damaged bridges, even though structural defects such as
road bridges in developed countries in Europe and the United States also account
for 11%. The root cause of the above high incidence of engineering damage is the
problem of metastable equilibrium of traffic engineering structures. In addition to
theengineeringenvironmentalconditionsandhumanfactors,theexistingtheoryof
equilibrium and stability of engineering structures has implicit “deformation
coordination” restrictions in its application. However, when some engineering
structures are stressed, their material properties, microstructure, constitutive rela-
tionship, integration and force transfer path will change, which does not meet the
implicit constraints of deformation coordination theory. If we regard “deformation
coordination” asa theoreticalproblemand needtoinnovate thetheory and rebuild
the system, we will complicate the engineering problem and have limited effect in
solving the actual engineering problem. Although it is complicated to deduce, the
essence of solving the problem is still the control method. If “deformation coor-
dination” is regarded as the problem of control method, as long as the technology
and structure are innovated, the engineering problem will be simplified, and the
effect of solving the actual engineering problem by using the existing theory of
equilibrium and stability of engineering structures is better. Both of them have the
same goal of solving the problem, but theprocess and methodare different, that is
to say, the state of stress and deformation of the control engineering structure is
different.Theformercomplicatesthesimpleproblemwhilethelattersimplifiesthe
complex problem. From the perspective of methodology and solving the practical
engineering problems, it is more appropriate to regard “deformation coordination”
as the problem of control method. In view of unfavorable structures or composite
engineering structures such as flexible bending members, broken surrounding
ix
x Preface
rocks, soft soil foundation, etc., the application of engineering mechanics to solve
structural problems of engineering should be studied on the premise offollowing
methodology, and the problems that may occur in actual engineering should be
exposed to the research and test links, so as to solve them in the design and
construction links, avoid problems of quality and even of safety in actual engi-
neering use, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.
Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out the construction of Beijing Metro Line 1:
“carefulindesign,carefulinconstruction,intheconstructionprocesstherewillbea
lotofmistakes,failures,weshouldalwayspayattentiontocorrectingthem”,which
isanexampleofusingphilosophytoguideengineering;ComradeDengXiaoping’s
guidance on reform and opening-up calls for “emancipating the mind and seeking
truthfromfacts”,whichisbothanideologicallineanddialectics.BothMaoZedong
and Deng Xiaoping were masters of “learning war in war”. Whether it is war or
revolution, construction or reform, they cannot be separated from materialist
dialectics.Inventionsinscienceandtechnologyneedtolearnandmastermaterialist
dialectics. The greatest enemy of innovation is becoming accustomed to it.
Technological progress and construction complement each other. It is difficult to
develop technology without construction projects.
Inspired by the article Philosophical Thinking in the Construction of Water
Conservation Projects of Pan Jiazheng and guided by Feng Jun, professor of
philosophy, the authors of this book try to discuss the practical experience of
structural design and construction technology of highway engineering from the
perspective of methodology. It is divided into three parts: the methodology of law
andtheory,themethodoftheanalysisofcomprehensiveresearch,thesimplification
ofcomplexproblems,andtheapplicationoftypicalengineeringandthesuggestion
of problems. At the end, there are guides for facilitating the personnel of engi-
neering construction in using philosophical methods to guide engineering con-
struction, but not limited to philosophy to guide engineering discussion.
This book is the authors’ attempt at writing about the problem of the method-
ology for the construction of highway engineering structural design, there will
inevitably appear various defects and mistakes, and all readers are welcome to
criticize and correct!
Hangzhou, China Hanhua Zhu
Lhasa, China Lei Shi