Metastable Systems under Pressure

429 Pages·2010·56.727 MB·English

by  K. L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, M. Paluch (auth.), Sylwester Rzoska, Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska, Victor Mazur (eds.)

Metastable Systems under Pressure
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
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Series A:Chemistry and Biology
Metastable Systems under
Pressure
edited by
Sylwester Rzoska
Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia
Katowice, Poland
Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia
Katowice, Poland
and
Victor Mazur
Department of Thermodynamics
Odessa State Academy of Refrigeration (OSAR)
Odessa, Ukraine
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Metastable Systems under Pressure: Platform for New Technologies
and Environmental Applications
Odessa, Ukraine
4–8 October 2008
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009934350
ISBN 978-90-481-3407-6 (PB)
ISBN 978-90-481-3406-9 (HB)
ISBN 978-90-481-3408 -3 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
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© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2010
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface: metastable systems under pressure – platform for novel fundamental,
technological and environmental applications
in the 21st century
S. J. Rzoska, A. Drozd-Rzoska and V. Mazur.....................................................xi
Part I: Supercooled, glassy system
The nature of glass: somethings are clear
K. L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto and M. Paluch......................................3

The link between the pressure evolution of the glass temperature
in colloidal and molecular glass formers
S. J. Rzoska, A. Drozd-Rzoska and A. R. Imre ................................................. 31

Evidences of a common scaling under cooling and compression
for slow and fast relaxations: relevance of local modes
for the glass transition
S. Capaccioli, K. Kessairi, D. Prevosto, Md. Shahin Thayyil,
M. Lucchesi and P. A. Rolla..............................................................................39

Reorientational relaxation time at the onset of intermolecular cooperativity
C. M. Roland and R. Casalini........................................................................... 53

Neutron diffraction as a tool to explore the free energy landscape
in orientationally disordered phases
M. Rovira-Esteva, L. C. Pardo, J. Ll. Tamarit and F. J. Bermejo.................... 63

A procedure to quantify the short range order of disordered phase
L. C. Pardo, M. Rovira-Esteva, J. L. Tamarit,
N. Veglio, F. J. Bermejo and G. J. Cuello.........................................................79

Consistency of the Vogel- Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equations
for the temperature-, pressure-, volume- and density- related evolutions
of dynamic properties in supercooled and superpressed glass forming
liquids systems
A. Drozd-Rzoska and S. J. Rzoska.....................................................................93

v
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part II: Liquid crystals

Stability and metastability in nematic glasses: a computational study
M. Ambrozic, T. J. Sluckin, M. Cvetko and S. Kralj........................................109

Phase ordering in mixtures of liquid crystals and nanoparticles
B. Rožič, M. Jagodič, S. Gyergyek, G. Lahajnar, V. Popa-Nita,
Z. Jagličić, M. Drofenik, Z. Kutnjak and S. Kralj...........................................125

Anomalous decoupling of the dc conductivity and the structural relaxation
time in the isotropic phase of a rod-like liquid crystalline compound
A. Drozd-Rzoska and S. J. Rzoska................................................................... 141
Part III: Near-critical mixtures

An optical Brillouin study of a re-entrant binary liquid mixture
F. J. Bermejo and L. Letamendia....................................................................153

New proposals for supercritical fluids applications
S. J. Rzoska and A. Drozd-Rzoska...................................................................167

2d and 3d quantum rotors in a crystal field: critical points, metastability,
and reentrance
Y. A. Freiman, B. Hetényi and S. M. Tretyak..................................................181
Part IV: Water and liquid- liquid transitons

Metastable water under pressure
K. Stokely, M. G. Mazza, H. E. Stanley and G. Franzese...............................197

Critical lines in binary mixtures of components with multiple critical
point
S. Artemenko, T. Lozovsky and V. Mazur........................................................217

About the shape of the melting line as
a possible precursor of a liquid-liquid phase transition
A. R. Imre and S. J. Rzoska.............................................................................233

Disorder parameter, asymmetry and quasibinodal of water at negative
pressures
V. B. Rogankov................................................................................................237
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
Experimental investigations of superheated and supercooled water
V. G. Baidakov................................................................................................253

Estimation of the explosive boiling limit of metastable liquids
A. R. Imre, G. Házi and T. Kraska..................................................................271

Lifetime of superheated water in a micrometric synthetic fluid inclusion
M. El Mekki, C. Ramboz, L. Perdereau,
K. Shmulovich and L. Mercury.......................................................................279

Explosive properties of superheated aqueous solutions in volcanic
and hydrothermal systems
R. Thiéry, S. Loock and L. Mercury................................................................293

Vapour nucleation in metastable water and solutions by synthetic fluid
inclusion method
K. Shmulovic and L. Mercury.........................................................................311

Method of controlled pulse heating: applications for complex fluids
and polymers
P. V. Skripov....................................................................................................323
Part V: Other metastable systems

Collective self-diffusion in simple liquids under pressure
N. P. Malomuzh, K. S. Shakun and V. Yu. Bardik...........................................339

Thermal conductivity of metastable states of simple alcohols
A. I. Krivchikov, O. A. Korolyuk I. V. Sharapova, O. O. Romantsova,
F. J. Bermejo, C. Cabrillo, I. Bustinduy and M. A. González.........................349

Transformation of the strongly hydrogen bonded system into van der Waals
one reflected in molecular dynamics
K. Kamiński, E. Kamińska, K. Grzybowska, P. Włodarczyk, S. Pawlus,
M. Paluch, J. Zioło, S. J. Rzoska, J. Pilch, A. Kasprzycka and W. Szeja........359

Effects of pressure on stability of biomolecules in solutions studied
by neutron scattering
M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, M.-S. Appavou and G. Gibrat..................................377

Generalized Gibbs’ thermodynamics and nucleation - growth phenomena
J. W. P. Schmelzer...........................................................................................389
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Self-assembling of the metastable globular defects in superheated
fluorite-like crystals
L. N. Yakub and E. S. Yakub........................................................................... 403

Study of metastable states of the precipitates in reactor steels
under neutron irradiation
A. Gokhman and F. Bergner............................................................................411

Dynamics of systems for monitoring of environment
W. Nawrocki.................................................................................................... 419
Participants of the ARW NATO “Metastable Systems under Pressure:Platform
for New Technological and Environmental Applications”,
4 – 8 Oct. 2008, Odessa, Ukraine
In the middle: ARW NATO directors (organizers):
Sylwester J. Rzoska (Poland) and Victor Mazur (Ukraine).
Foto in the patio of Hotel Londonskaya, the ARW site.

BELOW- ARW NATO “Odessa 2008 - LIVE”:
(i) lecture of Prof. J. Ll. Prof. Tamarit (Spain) on orientational glasses, (ii) rainy night in the
front of the ARW site, (iii) Dr El Mekki (France) is waiting for dinner (iv). S. J. Rzoska (Poland)
and Prof. K. Shmulovich (Russia) on stairs of Opera (v) lecture of Prof. Nigmatulin (Russia) on
negative pressures, cavitation and cold nuclear fusion, (vi) cultural programme: “Chopeniada”
in Odessa Opera&Ballet Theatre.

ix
PREFACE:
METASTABLE SYSTEMS UNDER PRESSURE - PLATFORM
FOR NOVEL FUNDAMENTAL, TECHNOLOGICAL
AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN THE 21st CENTURY

1SYLWESTER J. RZOSKA, 1ALEKSANDRA DROZD-RZOSKA,
2VICTOR MAZUR
1Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-
007 Katowice, Poland, e-mail:[email protected]
2Dept. of Thermodynamics, Academy of Refrigeration, 1/3
Dvoryanskaya Str., 65082 Odessa, Ukraine, e-mail:[email protected]

Sometimes a matter can be metastable, i.e. heated, compressed or stretched
beyond the point at which it normally exhibits a phase change, but without
triggering the transition. Recent decades have seen impressive advances
in explaining puzzling properties of such metastable states.1 -8 The significance of
these studies is supported by the myriad of possible society-relevant applications
ranging from the modern material engineering through biochemistry and
biotechnology, to the food and pharmaceutical industry and environment-relevant
issues within bio-ecologic, atmospheric or deep Earth/planetary sciences.1-8
Inherently metastable supercooled systems transforming into the glass state are
one of the most classical examples here. Surprisingly, despite enormous efforts
there seems to be no ultimate models for the glass transition physics, so far.1,8,9
Hence, novel approaches are of vital importance. The last decade of investigations
showed that comprehensive insight linking temperature (T) and pressure (P)
measurements, including their extreme limits, can yield ultimate references for
theoretical models in this field. This implies applications of high hydrostatic
pressures as well as its negative pressures extension into the isotropically stretched
states.8,9 The same P-T studies of complex systems can provoke discoveries of
novel stable and metastable phases showing non-conformistic paths of their
reaching and indicating how the often unusual properties can be recoverable to
ambient conditions. This can yield a surprisingly intermediate intact with
commercially relevant quantities and unusual physical properties appropriate for
the aforementioned applications.3-7,10-18 In the case of the glass transition the use of
the high hydrostatic pressures enabled the clarifications of fundamental theoretical
expectations, for instance related to the secondary, relaxation or yielded a set of
“dynamic equations of state”, so important in applications.8,9 Noteworthy are also
xi