Metaphors Dead and Alive, Sleeping and Waking: A Dynamic View

293 Pages·2008·2.43 MB·English

by  Cornelia Muller

metaphors dead and alive,
sleeping and waking

G
metaphors dead and alive,
sleeping and waking
ADynamicView
cornelia mu¨ ller
university of chicago press
chicago and london
cornelia mu¨llerisprofessorofappliedlinguisticsatEuropeanUniversity
ViadrinainFrankfurt(Oder).Sheiscoeditorofseveralbooks,thejournalGesture
anditsaccompanyingbookseries,andistheauthorofCo-verbalGestures:Cultural
History—Theory—Cross-linguisticComparison.
TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637
TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London
(cid:2)C 2008byTheUniversityofChicago
Allrightsreserved.Published2008
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
1716151413121110 09 08 1234 5
isbn-13:978-0-226-54825-8 (cloth)
isbn-10:0-226-54825-2 (cloth)
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Mu¨ller,Cornelia,1960–
Metaphorsdeadandalive,sleepingandwaking:adynamicview/CorneliaMu¨ller.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
isbn-13:978-0-226-54825-8 (cloth:alk.paper)
isbn-10:0-226-54825-2 (cloth:alk.paper) 1.Metaphor. I.Title.
pn228.m4m87 2008
808–dc22
2008025297
(cid:2)∞ Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofthe
AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperfor
PrintedLibraryMaterials,ansi z39.48-1992.
G
for christian

G
contents
ListofIllustrations xi
Acknowledgments xv
TypographicalConventionsforTranscripts xix
Introduction 1
0.1 DeadandLiveMetaphors:TwoExamples 2
0.2 Consequences:SleepingandWakingMetaphors 8
0.3 BridgingGaps:RealmsofMetaphorsinLanguageUse 12
0.4 Objective,Scope,andStructureoftheBook 18
1. MetaphorsandCognitiveActivity:ADynamicView 22
1.1 MetaphorsAreBasedonaCognitiveActivity 23
1.2 MetaphorsAreBasedonaTriadicStructure 26
1.3 MetaphorsAreModality-Independent 32
1.4 MetaphorsAreaMatterofUse 36
1.5 Summary:TheDynamicView 39
2. MetaphorsinThoughtandLanguage:FundamentalIssues 40
2.1 Metaphor,Reason,andUnderstanding?Epistemological
Discrepancies 41
2.2 TheNatureofMetaphor:CognitiveorLinguistic? 52
2.3 Conclusion:EstablishmentandCreationofMetaphoricityIs
aCognitiveProcesswithMultimodalProducts 58
vii
viii contents
3. RealmsofMetaphors:ActivationinLanguageUse 62
3.1 ConceptualMetaphors 63
3.1.1 AnExample:LakoffandKo¨vecses’sConceptual
SystemofAnger 63
3.1.2 PrimaryandComplexConceptualMetaphors 71
3.1.3 HowAreConceptualMetaphorSystemsActivated
duringSpeaking? 76
3.2 VerbalMetaphors 81
3.2.1 Weinrich’sImageFields(Bildfelder),andLakoffand
Johnson’sConceptualMetaphors 81
3.2.2 ActivationofVerbalMetaphors 86
3.2.3 HowAreVerbalMetaphorsActivatedduringSpeaking? 89
3.3 Verbo-gesturalMetaphors 95
3.3.1 GesturalMetaphorsandHowTheyMayRelateto
Language 96
3.3.2 HowAreVerbo-gesturalMetaphorsActivatedduring
Speaking? 99
3.4 Verbo-pictorialMetaphors 103
3.4.1 PictorialMetaphorsandHowTheyMayRelateto
Language 103
3.4.2 HowAreVerbo-pictorialMetaphorsActivatedduring
Writing? 109
3.5 Conclusion:DeadMetaphorsAreAliveduringSpeakingand
inWriting 111
4. TheCoreofMetaphors:TheEstablishmentofaTriadicStructure 114
4.1 DualityofMeaning 115
4.2 TriadicStructuresinHistoricalAccounts:Constantsand
Variants 116
4.3 Conclusion:ActivatedMetaphorsEstablishaTriadic
Structure 132
5. MixedMetaphors:SelectiveActivationofMeaning 134
5.1 WhatAreMixedMetaphors?HowLinguisticandConceptual
MetaphorTheorySettheStage 135
5.1.1 The“Butter-Mountain”ExamplefromaConceptual
MetaphorTheoryPointofView 143
5.1.2 Discussion 145
contents ix
5.2 WhyMixedMetaphorsDon’tMakeSense!“ThinkingFlaws”
andSemanticInconsistency 147
5.2.1 TheRopeExample 148
5.2.2 ThePut-on-the-LastExample 154
5.2.3 TheMoltingRiverExample 157
5.3 WhyMixedMetaphorsMakeSense!BlendingandSalience 160
5.3.1 Metaphor,Blending,andConceptualIntegration:The
ButcherExample 161
5.4 Conclusion:DeadMetaphorsAreAvailableforConceptual
Integration 175
6. SleepingandWakingMetaphors:DegreesofMetaphoricity 178
6.1 TheDeadversusAliveDistinction:ACriticalEvaluation 178
6.2 TheDeadandAliveAssumption:ANewProposal 188
6.3 DegreesofMetaphoricityandSalience 201
6.3.1 VerbalLevelOnly 202
6.3.2 Verbo-pictorialMetaphors 203
6.3.3 Verbo-gesturalMetaphors 204
6.4 Conclusion:DeadMetaphorsVaryinActivationandSalience 208
7. TheRefutationoftheDeadversusAliveDistinction:ANew
ApproachandSomeofItsImplications 210
Lieb’sSources 223
Appendix 227
Notes 229
References 243
NameIndex 263
SubjectIndex 267