Metamaterials: Technology and Applications

409 Pages·2021·13.531 MB·English

by  Pankaj K. Choudhury (editor)

METAMATERIALS

METAMATERIALS
Technology and Applications
Edited by Pankaj K. Choudhury
MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The
MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s
use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute
endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or
particular use of the MATLAB® software.
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2022 selection and editorial matter, Pankaj K. Choudhury; individual chapters, the
contributors
CRC Press is an imprint of Informa UK Limited
The right of Pankaj K. Choudhury to be identified as the author of the editorial material,
and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access
www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please
contact [email protected]
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Choudhury, P. K., editor.
Title: Metamaterials : technology and applications / edited by Pankaj K. Choudhury.
Other titles: Metamaterials (CRC Press)
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Summary: “This book is comprised of chapters on the topics pivoted to metamaterials, i.e.,
the artificially engineered mediums/structures, of micro- and nano-scale sizes. These will
include novel applications of metamaterials in sensors, solar-cell designs, diffractive lenses,
perfect absorbers, phase-shifters, THz imaging, antennas, etc” ‐‐ Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021021776 (print) | LCCN 2021021777 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367505080 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367505110 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003050162 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Metamaterials. Classification: LCC
TK7871.15.M48 M46 2022 (print) | LCC TK7871.15.M48 (ebook) | DDC 620.1/1‐‐dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021021776
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021021777
ISBN: 978-0-367-50508-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-50511-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-05016-2 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003050162
Typeset in Times
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
Dedication
Dedicated to
All lives to the COVID-19 pandemic
&
Those who strive for peace

Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................xv
Editor.......................................................................................................................xix
Chapter 1 Progress in Metamaterial and Metasurface Technology and
Applications........................................................................................1
Subal Kar
1.1 Introduction...............................................................................1
1.2 Development of Metamaterial Technology – From
Inception to Recent Times.......................................................5
1.2.1 Microwave to Infrared Metamaterial..........................6
1.2.2 Optical Metamaterial...................................................8
1.2.3 3D Metamaterial..........................................................9
1.2.4 All-dielectric Metamaterial.........................................9
1.3 Application Scenario of Metamaterials..................................11
1.4 Metasurfaces and Application Potentials...............................18
1.4.1 Applications of Metasurfaces....................................20
1.4.1.1 Absorbers...................................................20
1.4.1.2 Transformation Optics Applications.........21
1.4.1.3 Metasurface in Antenna Design................23
1.4.1.4 Lasing Spaser.............................................23
1.4.1.5 Some More Applications of
Metasurface................................................25
1.5 Conclusion..............................................................................25
References..........................................................................................26
Chapter 2 Review of Effective Medium Theory and Parametric Retrieval
Techniques of Metamaterials.........................................................31
Raktim Guha and B.N. Basu
2.1 Introduction.............................................................................31
2.2 Effective Medium Theory......................................................32
2.3 Electromagnetic Analysis of Parameter Retrieval
Techniques..............................................................................36
2.3.1 S-parameter Retrieval Techniques............................37
2.3.2 Miscellaneous Parameter Retrieval
Techniques.................................................................44
2.3.3 Parameter Retrieval of Some Special Type
MTMS........................................................................48
vii
viii Contents
2.3.4 Simulation and Experimental Validation of
the Retrieval Techniques...........................................53
2.4 Summary and Conclusion......................................................55
References..........................................................................................56
Chapter 3 Engineered Metamaterials through the Material-by-Design
Approach..........................................................................................61
G. Oliveri, M. Salucci, M. A. Hannan, A. Monti, S. Vellucci,
F. Bilotti, A. Toscano, and A. Massa
3.1 Introduction and Rationale.....................................................61
3.2 The MbD Paradigm: Concept and Features..........................63
3.2.1 The MbD Synthesis Loop.........................................63
3.2.2 The MbD Functional Blocks – Objectives and
Examples....................................................................64
3.3 MbD at Work in Metamaterial-based Sensing and
Communication Applications.................................................66
3.3.1 Customization of MbD in Applicative
Scenarios....................................................................66
3.3.2 MbD‐designed Metamaterials for Wide‐angle
Impedance Matching Layers.....................................67
3.3.3 Phased Array Enhancement through
Metamaterial Lenses and MbD.................................71
3.3.4 Wave Manipulation MTM Devices Based on
MbD...........................................................................75
3.4 Final Remarks, Current Trends and Future
Perspectives.............................................................................78
Acknowledgments..............................................................................79
References..........................................................................................79
Chapter 4 Tunable Metamaterials...................................................................83
Ke Bi and Jianchun Xu
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................83
4.2 Magnetically Tunable Dielectric Metamaterials....................84
4.2.1 Ferrite/Wire Composite Structure.............................84
4.2.2 Structure of Ferrite Metamaterial Filter...................85
4.2.3 Ferrite/Dielectric Composite Structure.....................87
4.3 Electrically Tunable Dielectric Metamaterials.......................89
4.3.1 Graphene....................................................................89
4.3.2 Varactor Diode..........................................................92
4.3.3 Liquid Crystal............................................................93
4.4 Thermally Tunable Dielectric Metamaterials........................95
4.4.1 Vanadium Dioxide....................................................95
4.4.2 Indium Antimonide...................................................97
4.4.3 Strontium Titanate.....................................................99
Contents ix
4.5 Flexible Metamaterials.........................................................101
4.5.1 Polyimide.................................................................101
4.5.2 Ecoflex.....................................................................102
4.5.3 Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)................................104
4.5.4 Paper........................................................................107
4.6 Conclusions...........................................................................109
Acknowledgments............................................................................109
References........................................................................................110
Chapter 5 Metamaterials-based Near-perfect Absorbers in the Visible
and Infrared Range.......................................................................117
Kyungnam Kang, Seongmin Im, and Donghyun Kim
5.1 Introduction...........................................................................117
5.2 Principles of Near-perfect Absorption Using MTMs..........118
5.2.1 Theoretical Backgrounds.........................................118
5.2.2 Bandwidth................................................................122
5.3 Performance of Various MTMs for Near-perfect
Absorption.............................................................................124
5.3.1 Metallic Periodic Arrays.........................................124
5.3.2 Stacked Structure.....................................................126
5.3.3 Resonators................................................................127
5.3.4 Nanocomposites.......................................................129
5.3.5 Dielectrics................................................................130
5.4 Applications of Near-perfect Absorption in the Visible
and Infrared Range...............................................................132
5.4.1 Sensing.....................................................................133
5.4.2 Solar Cells...............................................................133
5.4.3 Light-emitting Diodes.............................................136
5.4.4 Other Applications..................................................136
5.5 Concluding Remarks............................................................139
References........................................................................................139
Chapter 6 Advances in Metamaterials in Conventional Low-frequency
Perfect Absorbers: A Brief Review.............................................149
Bui Xuan Khuyen, Bui Son Tung, Nguyen Thanh Tung,
Vu Dinh Lam, Liang Yao Chen, and YoungPak Lee
6.1 Introduction...........................................................................149
6.2 Scaling Down of the Size of LFMAs by Optimizing
Structures..............................................................................150
6.3 Fabrication of LFMAs, Allowing More
Functionalities.......................................................................151
6.4 Miniaturization of LFMAs Based on Integrated Parasitic
Elements................................................................................156
6.5 EM Behavior in Conventional LFMAs...............................157