Metabolic Regulation. Metabolic Pathways

579 Pages·1971·34.85 MB·English

by  Henry J Vogel

Contributors to This Volume
BRUCE N. AMES
DANIEL E. ATKINSON
MICHAEL BRENNER
DONALD A. CHAMBERS
J. F. COLLINS
ELLIS ENGLESBERG
GERALD R. FINK
JOSEPH S. GOTS
S. GRANICK
ALICE P. HIRVONEN
MARY E. KING
M. DANIEL LANE
WILLIAM L. MCLELLAN
PAUL MARGOLIN
DAVID W. MARTIN, JR.
JOEL MOSS
SHIGERU SASSA
H. E. UMBARGER
HENRY J. VOGEL
RUTH H. VOGEL
MICHAEL WILCOX
GEOFFREY ZUBAY
Metabolic Pathways
THIRD EDITION
VOLUME V
Metabolic Regulation
EDITED BY
Henry J. Vogel
Department of Pathology
College of Physicians and Surgeons
of Columbia University
New York, New York
<2>
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London 1971
COPYRIGHT © 1971, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin
BRUCE N. AMES, Department of Biochemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, California (349)
DANIEL E. ATKINSON, Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California (1)
MICHAEL BRENNER, Department of Biology, University of California at
San Diego, La Jolla, California (349)
DONALD A. CHAMBERS, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York (297)
J. F. COLLINS, Department of Molecular Biology, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (489)
ELLIS ENGLESBERG, Department of Biological Sciences, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California (257)
GERALD R. FINK, Department of Genetics, Development, and Physi­
ology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (199)
JOSEPH S. GOTS, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (225)
S. GRANICK, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (77)
ALICE P. HIRVONEN, Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York (463)
MARY E. KING, Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York (55)
M. DANIEL LANE, Department of Physiological Chemistry, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (23)
XI
Xll LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
WILLIAM L. MCLELLAN, Department of Pathology, College of Physicians
and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York (463)
PAUL MARGOLIN, Department of Genetics, The Public Health Research
Institute of the City of New York, Inc., New York, New York (389)
DAVID W. MARTIN, JR., Department of Medicine and Department of
Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California (173)
JOEL Moss, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School
of Medicine, New York, New York (23)
SHIGERU SASSA, Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Uni­
versity of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan (77)
H. E. UMBARGER, Department of Biological Science, Purdue University,
Lafayette, Indiana (447)
HENRY J. VOGEL, Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York (463)
RUTH H. VOGEL, Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, (463)
MICHAEL WILCOX, Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Cambridge, England (143)
GEOFFREY ZUBAY, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York (297)
Preface
In this volume the regulation of metabolism is primarily regarded in
terms of the control of protein synthesis. Hence, there is an emphasis on
enzyme repression and induction, together with complementary
regulatory processes.
The concept of cellular control at the molecular level clearly has more
than one root. However, in the light of the current status of the field, as
treated here, the contributions of biochemical genetics seem particularly
visible. Thus, from the era of isolation of nutritionally deficient mutants,
there have been rapid advances—some simultaneous, some consecutive
—in the direction of metabolic pathways, the participating enzymes, the
formation of the enzymes, and finally the control of such macro-
molecular syntheses. The acquisition of insight into metabolic regula­
tion, therefore, went hand in hand with our emerging understanding of
molecular biology and gene expression.
It is hoped that this volume will help to illustrate the ramified, and
in some sense pivotal, significance of the control of metabolism, not
only in regard to the remarkable mechanisms involved, but also in
regard to the provision of an effective conceptual framework for appreci­
ating the workings of the cell. The broad import for biology is under­
scored by the wide variety of organisms considered.
HENRY J. VOGEL
Xlll
Contents of Other Volumes
Volume I
Chapter 1. FREE ENERGY AND ENTROPY IN METABOLISM
LLOYD L. INGRAHAM AND ARTHUR B. PARDEE
Chapter 2. THE MITOCHONDRIAL SYSTEM OF ENZYMES
DAVID E. GREEN AND DAVID H. MACLENNAN
Chapter 3. GLYCOLYSIS
BERNARD AXELROD
Chapter 4. THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
JOHN M. LOWENSTEIN
Chapter 5. OTHER PATHWAYS OF CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
BERNARD AXELROD
Chapter 6. BIOSYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX SACCHARIDES
W. Z. HASSID
Chapter 7. ASCORBIC ACID
J. J. BURNS
AUTHOR INDEX-SUBJECT INDEX
Volume II
Chapter 8. FATTY ACID OXIDATION
D. E. GREEN AND D. W. ALLMANN
Chapter 9. BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS
D. E. GREEN AND D. W. ALLMANN
XV
XVI CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES
Chapter 10. METABOLISM OF PHOSPHATIDES
R. J. ROSSITER
Chapter 11. STEROID METABOLISM
HENRY DANIELSSON AND T. T. TCHEN
Chapter 12. METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES
LEO T. SAMUELS AND KRISTEN B. EIK-NES
Chapter 13. CAROTENOIDS AND VITAMIN A
G. MACKINNEY
AUTHOR INDEX-SUBJECT INDEX
Volume Ml
Chapter 14. NITROGEN METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS
H. J. SALLACH AND L. A. FAHIEN
Chapter 15 {Part I). CARBON CATABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS
DAVID M. GREENBERG
Chapter 15 {Part II). CARBON CATABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS
VICTOR W. RODWELL
Chapter 16 {Part I). BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS AND
RELATED COMPOUNDS
DAVID M. GREENBERG
Chapter 16 {Part II). BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS AND
RELATED COMPOUNDS
VICTOR W. RODWELL
Chapter 17. SELECTED ASPECTS OF SULFUR METABOLISM
ERNEST KUN
Chapter 18. METABOLISM OF PORPHYRINS AND
CORRINOIDS
BRUCE F. BURNHAM
AUTHOR INDEX-SUBJECT INDEX
CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES XV11
Volume IV
Chapter 19. PUR1NES AND PYRIMIDINES
STANDISH C. HARTMAN
Chapter 20. NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
SAUL KIT
Chapter 21. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C. BAGLIONI AND B. COLOMBO
Chapter 22. BIOSYNTHESIS OF RIBOFLAVIN AND
AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
T. W. GOODWIN
Chapter 23. BIOGENESIS AND METABOLISM OF
THIAMINE
GENE M. BROWN
Chapter 24. BIOGENESIS AND METABOLISM OF FOLIC
ACID
GENE M. BROWN
Chapter 25. METABOLISM OF VITAMIN B
6
VICTOR W. RODWELL
AUTHOR INDEX-SUBJECT INDEX
Volume VI (Tentative)
Chapter 1. ION TRANSPORT IN MICROORGANISMS
ÄSER ROTHSTEIN
Chapter 2. TRANSPORT OF CARBOHYDRATES BY
BACTERIA
SAUL ROSEMAN
Chapter 3. WATER TRANSPORT
ARNOST KLEINZELLER
Chapter 4. AMINO ACID TRANSPORT IN
MICROORGANISMS
DALE L. OXENDER
XV111 CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES
Chapter 5. PROTON TRANSPORT
WARREN S. REHM
Chapter 6. THE SODIUM PUMP IN ANIMAL TISSUES AND
ITS ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF CELLULAR
METABOLISM
P. F. BAKER
Chapter 7. THE SODIUM-POTASSIUM
ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATASE
L. E. HOKIN AND J. L. DAHL
Chapter 8. TRANSPORT OF CALCIUM BY THE
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ANTHONY MARTONOSI
Chapter 9. CALCIUM TRANSPORT BY SELECTED ANIMAL
CELLS AND TISSUES
R. H. WASSERMAN
Chapter 10. TRANSPORT OF CARBOHYDRATES BY ANIMAL
CELLS
PAUL G. LEFEVRE
Chapter 11. TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS BY ANIMAL
CELLS
ERICH HEINZ
Chapter 12. THE TRANSPORT OF BIOGENIC AMINES
DENNIS L. MURPHY AND IRWIN J. KOPIN
Chapter 13. TRANSPORT OF DRUGS
LEWIS S. SCHANKER
Chapter 14. MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSPORT
CYRIL MOORE
Chapter 15. PROTEIN TRANSPORT BY ANIMAL CELLS
GEORGE E. PALADE
Chapter 16. HORMONAL CONTROL OF TRANSPORT
RACHMIEL LEVINE
AUTHOR INDEX-SUBJECT INDEX