Meta-Modeling: Performance and Information Modeling

204 Pages·1996·13.635 MB·English

by  Ambar Sarkar, Ronald Waxman, James P. Cohoon (auth.), Jean-Michel Bergé, Oz Levia, Jacques Rouillard (eds.)

META-MODELING
META-MODELING
Performance and Information Modeling
Edited by
Jean-Michel Berge
CNET. France
Oz Levia
Cadence Design Systems. U.S.A.
and
Jacques Rouillard
ESIM. France
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8580-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-1347-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1347-2
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates
the publishing programmes of
D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
@ 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
SERIES PRESENTATION
Current Issues in Electronic Modeling is a series of volumes publishing high quality,
peer-reviewed papers dealing with modeling issues in the electronic domain. The
objective is to establish a unique communication channel between academia and industry
which will serve the growing needs in the field of modeling.
PUBLISHED VOLUMES:
• Volume 1: Model Generation in Electronic Modeling
Contents: 1. A Flexible Generator of Component Models. 2. What Makes an ASIC
Library Sign-Off? 3. A Case History in Building Vital-Compliant Models. 4. Modeling
Multiple Driver Net Delay in Simulation. 5. DELPHI: the Development ofL ibrairies of
Physical Models of Electronic Components for Integrated DeSign Environment.
6. VHDL Floating Point OperatiOns. 7. Symbolic Model Checking with Past and Future
Temporal Modalities: Fundamentals and Algorithms. 8. KRYPTON: Portable, Non
Reversible Encryptionfor VHDL. Index.
168 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9568-9
• Volume 2: Modeling in Analog Design
Contents: 1. VHDL-A Design Objectives and Rationale. 2. Modeling in VHDL-A:
Devices, Networks and Systems. 3. Analog Modeling using MHDL. 4. Modeling and
Simulation of Electrical and Thermal Interaction. 5. Modeling of Power MOSFET.
Index.
176 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9569-7
... ...
/
v
VI Meta-Modeling: Performance and Information Modeling
• Volume 3: High-Level System Modeling:
Specification Languages
Contents: 1. Specification-Modeling Methodologies for Reactive-System Design.
2. Survey on Languages for Object Oriented Hardware Design Methodologies.
3. VSPEC: A Declarative Requirements Specification Language for VHDL.
4. Communication Protocols Implemented in Hardware: VHDL Generation from
Estelle. 5. An Algorithmfor the Translation ofSDL into Synthesizable VHDL. 6. From
LOTOS to VHDL. 7. Using An X-Machine to Model a Video Cassette Recorder. Index.
176 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9632-4
• Volume 4: High-Level System Modeling:
Specification and Design Methodologies
Contents: 1. A System Specification Model and Method. 2. ADEPT: A Unified
Environment for End-to-End System Design. 3. The Design Cube: A Model for VHDL
Designjlow Representation and its Application. 4. A Novel Approach to Guiding
Incremental Specification. 5. An Expert Assistant for Hardware Systems Specification.
6. Integrating Non-Functional Aspects into LOTOS. Index.
192 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9660-x
• Volume 5: Hardware Component Modeling
Contents: 1. The History of VITAL: VHDL ASIC Library Update. 2. Issues in Efficient
Modeling and Acceleration of VITAL Models. 3. Standards for Interoperability and
Portability. 4. Abstract Data Types and the Digital System Description and Simulation
Environments. 5. Modeling highly flexible and self-generating parameterizable
components in VHDL. 6. MELODY: an Efficient Layout-Based Model Generator.
7. Quality Measures & Analysis: a way to improve VHDL models. 8. Modern Concepts
ofQ uality and Their Relationship to Design Reuse and Model Libraries. Index.
150 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9686-3
We hope you will enjoy reading this series. We welcome your suggestions and look
forward to having you as a contributor.
The Series Editors
Jean-Michel Berge, France Telecom-CNET, Email: [e-mail]
Oz Levia, Cadence, Email: [e-mail]
Jacques Rouillard, ESIM, Email: [e-mail]
Series & Volume Presentation VII
EDITORS
Series Editors
Jean-Michel Berge -France Telecom -CNET
Oz Levia -Cadence
Jacques Rouillard -ESIM
Principal Advisor to the Editors
Jim Armstrong - Virginia Tech
Advisory Board
Raul Camposano -Synopsys Inc.
Hilary Kahn - University ofM anchester
Sabine Maerz-Roessel-Siemens AG
Zain Navabi - University afTehran
Wolfgang Nebel- University afOldenburg
Alec Stanculescu -Fintranic Inc.
Alain Vachoux -Swiss Federal Institute ofT echnology
Ron Waxman -University of Virginia
Editorial Board
Przemyslaw Bakowski -IRESTE Serge Maginot -Leda S.A.
Dave Barton -Intermetrics Inc. Wolfgang Mueller -CADLAB
Bill Billowich - VHDL Technology Group Adam Pawlak -ARTEMISllMAG
Mark Brown -Compass Bora Prazic -Alcatel
Jean-Paul Calvez -IRESTE Paul Scheidt -Synopsys Inc.
Steve Carlson -Escalade Jean-Pierre Schoellkopf -SGS-Thomson
Simon Curry -Cadence Steve Schultz -Texas Instruments
Tedd Corman -EPS Ken Scott -Synopsys Inc.
Doug Dunlop -Cadence Venkat Venkataraman -IBM
Alain Fonkoua -ESIM Alex Zamfirescu -Intergraph Electronics
Andreas Hohl -Synopsys Inc. Roger Zinsner -Speed S.A
Michael Hohenbichler -CEC
VOLUME PRESENTATION
VOLUME 6: META-MODELING:PERFORMANCE
AND INFORMATION MODELING
Models in system design follow the general tendency in electronics in terms of size,
complexity and difficulty of maintenance. While a model should be a manageable
-representation of a system, this increasing complexity sometimes forces current
CAD-tool designers and model writers to apply modeling techniques to the model itself.
Model writers are interested in instrumenting their model, so as to extract critical
information before the model is complete. CAD tools designers use internal
representations of the design at various stages. The complexity has also led CAD-tool
developers to develop formal tools, theories and methods to improve relevance,
completeness and consistency of those internal representations. Information modeling
involves the representation of objects, their properties and relationships.
Performance Modeling
When it comes to design choices and trade-offs, performance is generally the final key.
However performance estimations have to be extracted at a very early stage in the
system design. Performance modeling concerns the set of tools and techniques that
allow or help the designer to capture metrics relating to future architectures.
Performance modeling encompasses the whole system, including software modeling. It
has a strong impact on all levels of design choices, from hardware/software partitioning
to the final layout.
Chapter 1 addresses the specific problem of communication between performance
information and operational specifications. It presents solutions for a variety of
problems such as conformance checking and validation of an implementation against its
specifications. Chapter 2 illustrates a top-down method that provides the user with the
ability to express functional, performance and constraint requirements. The method is
based on the MCSE model. This chapter also provides a very useful comparison of the
various methods in this field.
Jacques Rouillard, Co-Editor
••• f •••
IX
x
Meta-Modeling: Performance and Information Modeling
Information Modelling
Specification and formalism have in the past traditionally played little part in the design
and development of EDA systems, their support environments, languages and
processes. Instead, EDA system developers and EDA system users have seemed to be
content to operate within environments that are often extremely complex and may be
poorly tested and understood. This situation has now begun to change with the
increasing use of techniques drawn from the domains of formal specification and
database design. This section of this volume addresses aspects of the techniques being
used. In particular, it considers a specific formalism, called information modelling, which
has gained increasing acceptance recently and is now a key part of many of the
proposals in the EDA Standards Roadmap, which promises to be of significance to the
EDA industry. In addition, the section looks at an example ofa design system from the
point of view of its underlying understanding of the design process rather than through
a consideration of particular CAD algorithms.
The third chapter in this volume, "A View of Information Modelling", introduces the
concepts of formal specification through information modelling. The particular
information modelling formalism selected is EXPRESS, an ISO Standard modelling
language. Basic EXPRESS models are developed which show not only that information
modelling can be used to capture concepts and semantics in an unambiguous manner,
but also that such models can be used to reason about the Universe of Discourse under
consideration. The techniques described have been applied to large practical examples,
including the specification of the semantics ofVHDL and EDIF.
The fourth chapter "A Methodology for the Specification of Transformations between
Information Models", considers the issues which arise when related but non-identical
information models need some form of 'harmonisation'. The example chosen focuses on
an approach to understanding the relationship between the information models of EDIF
and CFI DR through the creation of a 'core' model which reflects the capabilities of
each of the sources involved. However, the techniques used are not limited to the
specific example. As with the preceding chapter, the information modelling language
chosen is EXPRESS.
The fifth chapter, "Modeling Design Data and Design Processes in the PLAYOUT
CAD Framework", changes the emphasis from a formal specification of the design
information representation to a model of a complete CAD system. It offers an overall
model which is structured into a set of related sub-models whose relationships and
dependencies are understood. The result is a system which goes a long way towards
ensuring a consistent and well-formed environment.
Hilary J. Kahn, Professor at University of Manchester
CONTENTS
SERIES PRESENTATION v
EDITORS VB
VOLUME PRESENTATION IX
CONTENTS XI
CONTRIBUTORS xvn
1. INTEGRATING OPERATIONAL SPECIFICATION WITH
PERFORMANCE MODELING 1
by Ambar Sarkar, Ronald Waxman, James P. Cohoon
1.1. Introduction 2
1.2. Design Methodology Supporting Model-Continuity 4
1.3. Integrated Simulation of Statecharts and ADEPT 6
1.4. Functional Timing 7
1.4.1. Timing Constraints Versus Functional Timings 7
1.4.2. Specification of Functional Timings in Statecharts 8
1.4.3. Effects of Ignoring Functional Timing 10
1.5. Performance Annotation 13
1.5.1. Example of Performance Annotation l3
1.5.2. Rules for Performance Annotation 16
XI
XII Meta-Modeling: Performance and Information Modeling
1.6. Conformance 18
1.6.1. Rules for Checking Confonnance 18
1.6.2. Confonnance Checking 19
1.6.3. Definition of Confonnance 22
1.6.4. Design Assumptions 24
1.6.5. Properties of rfa and ack Sequences 25
1.6.6. Algorithm 27
1.6.7. Proof of Algorithm DetectConfonnance 28
1.6.8. Orthogonal Sources 30
1.6.9. Algorithm EliminateOrthogonalSources 30
1.7. Results 34
1.7.1. A Brief Overview of Token-Ring 35
1.7.2. Statecharts Description of the Token-Ring 36
1.7.3. ADEPT Model of the Token-Ring 36
1.7.4. Examples 38
1.8. Summary and Conclusions 44
Appendix A:
Statecharts 48
A.l States 48
A.2 Transitions 49
Appendix B: ADEPT 50
Appendix C: VHDL 51
Appendix D: Implementation of Methodology 51
2. A SYSTEM-LEVEL PERFORMANCE MODEL AND METHOD 57
by Jean-Paul Calvez
2.1. Introduction 58
2.2. Objective of System Performance Modeling 59
2.2.1. Tenninology Clarification 59
2.2.2. Design Process and Perfonnance Evaluation 60
2.2.3. Classification of System-Level Models 62
2.3. Related Works 63
2.4. Presentation of the Method 65
2.5. Criteria and Qualities of a Performance Model 67