Membranes: Materials, Simulations, and Applications

155 Pages·2017·8.089 MB·English

by  Alfredo Maciel-Cerda (eds.)

Alfredo Maciel-Cerda Editor
Membranes
Materials, Simulations, and Applications
Membranes
Alfredo Maciel-Cerda
Editor
Membranes
Materials, Simulations, and Applications
Editor
Alfredo Maciel-Cerda
Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico City , Mexico
ISBN 978-3-319-45314-9 ISBN 978-3-319-45315-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45315-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016954200
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
T he Fifth National Congress of the Society of Membrane Science and Technology
was held in Mexico City on June 15, 16, and 17 of 2015. The best papers presented
at that meeting have been peer-reviewed and are collected in this volume. This com-
pilation covers a broad range of contemporary topics in the fi eld of membrane sci-
ence and technology ranging from materials and processes to simulations.
Polymers and ceramics are the most widely used materials by the invited authors
for the production of membrane systems to separate chemical species. Different
commercial polymers, both modifi ed and new synthetic polymers, have been tested
in the manufacture of membranes, such as poly(ether amides), polyhydrotriazine,
and polysulfones. Regarding ceramic membranes used by the authors include sul-
fated TiO –ZnRO membranes, liquid membranes supported on alumina, and cata-
2 2
lytic membranes based on mixed cerium and cobalt oxides.
T he contributions in the theoretical fi eld begin with Dr. Joel Fried of the
University of Louisville, whose work focuses on high-performance computer simu-
lation of ion transport through nanochannels assembled bilayer membrane, for med-
ical and engineering applications. Other theoretical works discuss pulsatile fl ow in
reverse osmosis and fi ltration obtaining parameters as the tortuosity parameter and
three-dimensional modeling and simulation of multilayer membrane spacers.
A global ongoing concern is the contamination and pollution of aquifers by the
industrial activity and the domestic and municipal usage. Another major concern
that goes hand in hand with the fi rst is the demand for water. In places where seawa-
ter is the only source of water available, desalination processes become highly
important to provide service and agriculture water. In this fi eld, the reader will fi nd
works addressing membrane biofouling in desalination process, photo oxidation in
the rejected fl ux, and cleaning strategies for a membrane bioreactor. In the fi eld of
gas processing, a technical and economical design was studied for sweetening natu-
ral gas through membranes. This collection also includes two new development
projects in membranes.
We hope that the sum of these contributions will be of interest to the reader, since
its validity and new approaches set new priorities for future study.
v
vi Foreword
We thank the Mexican National Council on Science and Technology
(CONACYT), the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and the
Mexican Institute of Petroleum (IMP) for their support. We are deeply grateful to
the authors and the reviewers for voluntarily contributing to the efforts that brought
to fruition of this work.
The Editor
Contents
Part I Polymer Synthesis for Membranes
1 Poly (Hexahydrotriazine) Membranes Prepared
by Coupling Reaction Between Diamines and Aldehydes ................... 3
Luis Fernando Alcocer - Márquez and Joaquín Palacios-Alquisira
2 Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Membranes
Based on Poly(Ether-b -Amide) .............................................................. 11
Héctor Iván Meléndez-Ortiz , Griselda Castruita-de León ,
Yibran Perera- Mercado , Jesús Alfonso Mercado-Silva ,
Bertha Puente-Urbina , Sandra García-Rodríguez ,
and Luis Alfonso García-Cerda
3 Preparation of Membranes Based on Polysulfone (PSU)
and Graphene Oxide (GrO) by Electrospinning .................................. 23
Yareni Aguilar-Costumbre , Juliette A. Lambert ,
Miguel A. Meléndez-Lira , and Vladimir A. Escobar- Barrios
Part II Ceramic Membranes
4 Sulfated TIO –ZRO Membrane as Synthesized
2 2
by Sol–Gel Method: Application in the Olefin Oligomerization ........ 33
M. Torres-Rodríguez , L. López-Pérez , M. Gutiérrez-Arzaluz ,
and V. Mugica-Álvarez
5 CO/N Separation in Postcombustion Processes by Means
2 2
of Alumina-Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes ................................ 41
Cinthia E. Sánchez-Fuentes , Natalya V. Likhanova ,
Miguel Torres Rodríguez , Diego Guzmán-Lucero ,
Juan Navarrete Bolaños , Diana Gómora-Herrera ,
and Octavio Olivares-Xometl
vii
viii Contents
6 Synthesis of Catalytic Membranes for the Oxidation
of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater .................................................... 51
M. Gutiérrez-Arzaluz , V. Mugica-Álvarez , and M. Torres-Rodríguez
Part III Theoretical Approaches
7 Ion Transport Through Biomimetic Nanochannel Membranes ......... 61
Joel R. Fried
8 Synergies Between Pulsatile Flow and Spacer Filaments
in Reverse Osmosis Modules .................................................................. 67
Gustavo Adolfo Fimbres-Weihs and Jesús Álvarez-Sánchez
9 Obtaining the Tortuosity Factor as a Function of Crystallinity
in Polyethylene Membranes ................................................................... 77
L.F. del Castillo , S.I. Hernández , and V. Compañ
10 Three-Dimensional Modeling and Simulation of Multilayer
Spacers for Spiral Wound Membrane Modules ................................... 87
Luis Mario González Rodríguez and Fernando Tiscareño Lechuga
Part IV Applications of Membranes
11 Biofouling Studies on Thin Film Composite Membranes
for Reverse Osmosis Desalination Processes ........................................ 99
Griselda Evelia Romero-López , Jesús Alvarez-Sánchez ,
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos , and Gustavo Adolfo Fimbres-Weihs
12 Photo-Oxidation Treatment of the Reject Stream
of a Nanofiltration Membrane System .................................................. 105
Alma Chávez Mejía , Abraham Chávez Velasco ,
Paloma Zaragoza Sánchez , and Blanca Jiménez Cisneros
13 Cleaning Strategies for a Membrane Bioreactor to Produce
Permeate with a Quality Suitable for Indirect Reuse .......................... 113
Alma Chávez Mejía , D. González-Tenorio , and B. Jiménez-Cisneros
Part V Design of Membrane Processes
14 Effect of the Transport Properties on the Design
of a Plant and on the Economy of the Sweetening Process
of Natural Gas Using Membranes ......................................................... 125
Jorge F. Palomeque Santiago , Diego Javier Guzmán Lucero ,
and Javier Guzmán Pantoja
Contents ix
Part VI Forum on New Laboratories for Membrane Preparation
15 Fouling Modeling and Optimization of Membrane
Module Design for Brackish and Seawater Desalination
in the Mexican Pacific Coast: Project Description and Progress ....... 135
Gustavo Adolfo Fimbres-Weihs , Jesús Álvarez-Sánchez ,
and Eulises Villegas-Álvarez
16 Research on Polymer Membranes and Teaching Performed
in UNAM Campus Morelia .................................................................... 145
Joel Vargas
Index ................................................................................................................. 149
Contributors
Yareni Aguilar-Costumbre Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científi ca y
Tecnológica , San Luís Potosí , San Luís Potosí, Mexico
Jesús Álvarez-Sánchez Department of Water and Environmental Sciences ,
Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Ciudad Obregon , Sonora , Mexico
Juan Navarrete Bolaños Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo , Ciudad de México ,
Mexico
L. F. del Castillo Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en
Materiales , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Ciudad
Universitaria , México , Mexico
Alma Chávez Mejía Instituto de Ingeniería , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México , Mexico City , Ciudad de México , Mexico
Abraham Chávez-Velasco Instituto de Ingeniería , Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
V. Compañ Departament de Termodinàmica Aplicada , Universitat Politècnica de
Valencia , Valencia , Spain
Vladimir A. Escobar-Barrios I nstituto Potosino de Investigación Científi ca y
Tecnológica , San Luís Potosí , San Luís Potosí , Mexico
Gustavo Adolfo Fimbres-Weihs Department of Water and Environmental
Sciences , Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Ciudad Obregón , Sonora , Mexico
Cátedras, CONACyT - Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Ciudad Obregon, Sonora ,
Mexico
Joel R. Fried D epartment of Chemical Engineering, U niversity of Louisville,
Louisville , KY , USA
xi