Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification

498 Pages·1994·16.789 MB·English

by  Georges Belfort (auth.), João G. Crespo, Karl W. Böddeker (eds.)

Membrane Processes
in Separation
and Pu rification
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
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I Global Environmental Change
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c%
Series E: Applied Sciences -Vol. 272
Membrane Processes
in Separation
and Purification
edited by
Joao G. Crespo
Department of Chemistry,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Lisboa, Portugal
and
Karl W. Boddeker
GKSS Research Centre,
Geesthacht, Germany
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification
Curia, Portugal
March 21-April2, 1993
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Printed on acid-free paper
ISBN 978-90-481-4423-5 ISBN 978-94-015-8340-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8340-4
All Rights Reserved
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
NATO Advanced Institute
MEMBRANE PROCESSES IN SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION
Director -J030 G. Crespo, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Portugal
Co-Director -Karl W. BOddeker, GKSS Research Centre, Germany
Scientific Advisors - P. Aptel, Univ. Paul Sabatier, France
G. Belfort, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., USA
M. Mulder, Univ. Twente, The Netherlands
K.-V. Peinemann, GKSS Research Centre, Germany
Lecturers
P. Aimar, Univ. Paul Sabatier, France
P. Aptel, Univ. Paul Sabatier, France
G. Belfort, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., USA
K. BOddeker, GKSS Research Centre, Germany
L. Cot, Ecole Nat. Sup. Chimie Montpellier, France
J. Crespo, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Portugal
E. Cussler, Univ. Minnesota, USA
F. Gerner, Fresenius AG, Germany
J. Hanemaaijer, TNO, The Netherlands
G. Iorio, Univ. Calabria, Italy
K. Keizer, Univ. Twente, The Netherlands
E. Klein, Univ. Louisville, USA
K. Kroner, GBF Braunschweig, Germany
M. Mulder, Univ. Twente, The Netherlands
R. Noble, Univ. Colorado at Boulder, USA
K. Peinemann, GKSS Research Centre, Germany
C. Slater, Manhattan College, USA
H. Wijmans, MTR, Inc., USA
Table of Contents
Preface ix
1. MEMBRANES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 1
G. Belfort
Membrane Processes in Biotechnology: An Introduction 3
G. Belfort, C. A. Heath
Biotechnology Processes: Membrane Materials, Modules and Process Ocsign 9
P. Aimar, M. Meireles, P. Bacchin, V. Sanchez
Fouling and Concentration Polarisation in Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration 27
K.H.Kroner
Cross-Flow Filtration of Biological Suspensions 59
E. Klein
Affinity Membranes in Bioseparations 85
K. H. Kroner
Cross-Flow Application of Mfinity Membranes 109
G. Belfort, C. A. Heath
New Developments in Membrane Bioreators 127
G. Iorio, V. Calabro, S. Todisco
Enzyme Membrane Reactors 149
J. G. Crespo, M. Carrondo
Integration of Fermentation and Membrane Processes 169
K. W. Boddeker
Recovery of Volatile Bioproducts by Pervaporation 195
F.J. Gerner
Novel Hollow Fiber Applications in Medicine and Biotechnology 207
2. MEMBRANES IN ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 227
M.Mulder
The Use of Membrane Processes in Environmental Problems. An Introduction 229
P.Aptel
Membrane Pressure Driven Processes in Water Treatment 263
viii
J. G. Wijmans, R. W. Baker, A. L. Athayde
Pervaporation: Removal of Organics from Water and Organic/Organic Separations 283
R. D. Noble, J. D. Way
Description of Facilitated Transport and Environmental Applications 317
A. E. Jansen, R. Klaassen, P. H. M. Feron, J. H. Hanemaaijer,
B. Ph. ter Meulen
Membrane Gas Absorption Processes in Environmental Applications 343
K.-V. Peinemann, K. Ohlrogge
Separation of Organic Vapors from Air with Membranes 357
3. NEW CONCEPTS 373
E. L. Cussler
Hollow Fiber Contactors 375
J. T. M. Sluys, H. W. Bakkenes, R. J. M. Creusen, L. H. J. M. Schneiders,
J. H. Hanemaaijer
Membrane Assisted Mfinity Separations: Some Techniques and Applications 395
K. Keizer, V. T. ZaspaIis, R. S. A. De Lange, M. P. Harold, A. J. Burggraaf
Membrane Reactors for Partial Oxidation and Dehydrogenation Reactions 415
L. Cot, C. Guizard, A. Julbe, A. Larbot
Preparation and Application of Inorganic Membranes 431
4. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS 443
M.Mulder
Energy Requirements in Membrane Separation Processes 445
5. EDUCATION 477
C. S. Slater
Education on Membrane Science and Technology 479
List of Contributors and Participants 495
Index 499
Preface
The chapters of this book are based upon lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification (March 21 -April 2, 1993, Curia, Portugal), organized
as a successor and update to a similar Institute that took place 10 years ago (p.M.Bungay, H.K. Lonsdale,
M.N. de Pinho (Eds.): Synthetic Membranes: Science, Engineering and Applications, NATO ASI Series,
Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986).
The decade between the two NATO Institutes witnesses the transition from individually researched
membrane processes to an applied and established membrane separation technology, as is reflected by the
contents of the corresponding proceeding volumes. By and large, the first volume presents itself as a
textbook on membrane processes, still valid, while the present volume focuses on areas of separation need
as amenable to membrane processing: Biotechnology and Environmental Technology.
Accordingly, the contributions to this volume are grouped into "Membranes in Biotechnology" (11
papers), "Membranes in Environmental Technology" (6 papers), and "New Concepts" (4 papers). This is
followed by one contribution each on "Energy Requirements" and "Education", i.e., membrane processes
within an academic curriculum. The book thus amounts to a state of the art of applied membrane
processing and may well augment the more fundamental approach of its predecessor.
Although grouped thematically, the contributions are individually conceived and authored, with little
chance for cross-referencing. It was thus deemed prudent not to include a list of symbolS or abbreviations
other than those appearing in the subject index. Responsibility for inviting lecturers and suggesting topics
is of the editors. Assistance by the following Scientific Advisors is gratefully acknowledged: P. Aptel, G.
Belfort, M. Mulder, K.-V. Peinemann. We are very grateful to all lecturers and participants that made
possible this Institute.
Financial support from NATO Scienctific Affairs Division, Funda<;ao Luso Americana para 0
Desenvolvimento and Ambassade de France au Portugal is gratefully acknowledged.
March,l994
Joiio Goulao Crespo and Karl Wilhelm BOddeker
ix
1. MEMBRANES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY