Mediterranean Quarantines, 1750–1914: Space, Identity and Power

331 Pages·2018·6.888 MB·English

by  John Chircop

SOCIAL HISTORIES OF MEDICINE
Edited by John Chircop and
Francisco Javier Martinez
Mediterranean quarantines,
1750–1914
Space, identity and power
Mediterranean quarantines,
1750–1914
SOCIAL HISTORIES OF MEDICINE
Series editors: David Cantor and Keir Waddington
Social Histories of Medicine is concerned with all aspects of health, illness and
medicine, from prehistory to the present, in every part of the world. The series
covers the circumstances that promote health or illness, the ways in which
people experience and explain such conditions, and what, practically, they do
about them. Practitioners of all approaches to health and healing come within its
scope, as do their ideas, beliefs, and practices, and the social, economic and
cultural contexts in which they operate. Methodologically, the series welcomes
relevant studies in social, economic, cultural, and intellectual history, as well as
approaches derived from other disciplines in the arts, sciences, social sciences
and humanities. The series is a collaboration between Manchester University
Press and the Society for the Social History of Medicine.
Previously published
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Bonnie Evans
Payment and philanthropy in British healthcare, 1918–48 George Campbell
Gosling
The politics of vaccination: A global history Edited by Christine Holmberg, Stuart
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Leprosy and colonialism: Suriname under Dutch rule, 1750–1950 Stephen
Snelders
Medical misadventure in an age of professionalization, 1780–1890 Alannah
Tomkins
Conserving health in early modern culture: Bodies and environments in Italy
and England Edited by Sandra Cavallo and Tessa Storey
Migrant architects of the NHS: South Asian doctors and the making of British
general practice (1940s–1980s) Julian M. Simpson
Mediterranean
Quarantines,
1750–1914
Space, identity and power
John Chircop and Francisco Javier Martínez
Manchester University Press
Copyright © Manchester University Press 2018
While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in
individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced
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Published by Manchester University Press
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ISBN 978 1 5261 1554 6 hardback
ISBN 978 1 5261 2736 5 open access
First published 2018
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Contents
List of figures page vii
List of tables x
Notes on contributors xi
Introduction: Mediterranean quarantine disclosed:
space, identity and power 1
John Chircop and Francisco Javier Martínez
Part I: Space
1 Quarantine and territory in Spain during the second
half of the nineteenth century 17
Quim Bonastra
2 Cholera epidemics, local politics and nationalism in
the province of Nice during the first half of the
nineteenth century 47
Dominique Bon
3 Mending ‘Moors’ in Mogador: Hajj, cholera and
Spanish–Moroccan regeneration, 1890–99 66
Francisco Javier Martínez
Part II: Identity
4 Quarantine in Ceuta and Malta in the travel writings
of the late eighteenth-century Moroccan ambassador
Ibn Uthmân Al-Meknassî 109
Malika Ezzahidi
vi Contents
5 Policing boundaries: quarantine and professional
identity in mid nineteenth-century Britain 125
Lisa Rosner
6 Prevention and stigma: the sanitary control of
Muslim pilgrims from the Balkans, 1830–1914 145
Christian Promitzer
7 Contagion controversies on cholera and yellow
fever in mid nineteenth-century Spain: the case of
Nicasio Landa 170
Jon Arrizabalaga and Juan Carlos García-Reyes
Part III: Power
8 Quarantine, sanitisation, colonialism and the
construction of the ‘contagious Arab’ in the
Mediterranean, 1830s–1900 199
John Chircop
9 Epidemics, quarantine and state control in Portugal,
1750–1805 232
Laurinda Abreu
10 Quarantine and British ‘protection’ of the Ionian
Islands, 1815–64 256
Costas Tsiamis, Eleni Thalassinou, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou
and Angelos Hatzakis
11 Inland sanitary cordons and liberal administration in
southern Europe: Mallorca (Balearic Islands), 1820–70 280
Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora and Pere Salas-Vives
List of figures
1.1 Map of the maritime sanitary network proposed in
the Health Law of 1855 and the Royal Decree of
6 June 1860. Prepared by the author from data
taken from the Royal Decree of 6 June 1860. page 26
1.2 Map of the quarantine network arising from the
amendments of 1866 to the Health Law. Prepared
by the author from data taken from the R.O. 17
April 1867, R.D. 24 April 1867 and R.O. 2
August 1867. 30
1.3 Map of the quarantine network resulting from
the Border Sanitary Regulations of 1899. Prepared
by the author from data taken from the
Border Sanitary Regulations of 1899. 40
3.1 Location and present-day state of Mogador
Island. Spain and Morocco: Map data © 2017
GeoBasis-DE/BKG (© 2009), Google, Inst.
Geogr. Nacional. Mogador: Map data © 2017 Google,
Inst. Geogr. Nacional. Mogador Island: Imagery
© 2017 CNES/Airbus, DigitalGlobe, Map data
© 2017 Google. 67
3.2 Portrait of Felipe Óvilo in ‘Moorish’ dress in
Marrakech, by Enrique Simonet 1894. Courtesy
of Milagro Óvilo. 72
viii List of illustrations
3.3 Projet de règlement général pour le service de quarantaine
dans l’île de Mogador, 1896. Centre des Archives
Diplomatiques de Nantes, Tanger, légation 675PO
/B1/501. 80
3.4 Plan of Mogador Island with the quarantine
organisation proposed by Dr François, 9 March
1898. Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de
Nantes, légation 675PO/B1/501. 82
3.5 Map of the maritime sanitary borders of ‘peninsular
Spain’ and ‘African Spain’, 1890s. Map data © 2017
GeoBasis-DE/BKG (© 2009), Google, Inst. Geogr.
Nacional. 86
3.6 Portraits of ‘Moors’ Si Faddul Gharnit and
Muhammad al-Seffar, by Enrique Simonet 1894.
La Ilustración Española y Americana, 12 (30 March
1894), p. 204. 89
5.1 Plan of the Fort Duke of Braganza just off Boa
Vista, the initial point of McWilliam’s cluster
study. James Ormiston McWilliam, Report of
the Fever at Boa Vista, London: Presented to
the House of Commons, 1847. 134
5.2 Map documenting the spread of the fever to
villages of Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde. James
Ormiston McWilliam, Report of the Fever at Boa
Vista, London: Presented to the House of
Commons, 1847. 137
6.1 The Balkans and the Near East at the turn of
the twentieth century. 152
6.2 Muslim pilgrims experiencing the pouring of
water from the Zamzam well. Hristo Doktorov,
Izlozhenie varhu Karantinnata sluzhba v Varnenskiya
Karantinen rayon prez 1909 god [Report about the
quarantine service in the Quarantine District
of Varna for the year of 1908], Varna, Pechatnitsa
‘Vzaimnost’, 1911, p. 40. 161
6.3 A typical Muslim pilgrim from Bulgaria with
usual luggage. Source: Doktorov, Izlozhenie varhu
Karantinnata sluzhba, p. 40. 162
List of illustrations ix
8.1 Chart of the Mediterranean as a main ‘corridor’
for the diffusion of cholera. Alfred Stille, Cholera.
Its Origins, History, Causation, Symptoms, Lesions,
Prevention and Treatment, Philadelphia, 1885. 205
9.1 Plague in 1756, path of communications. 233
9.2 Cordon sanitaire, 1800. 240
9.3 Cordon sanitaire, 1804. 246
9.4 Cordon sanitaire, Alentejo 1804. 248
10.1 The Ionian Islands. 258
10.2 Notes on ships’ arrivals in the diary of the Health
Magistrate of Corfu, 1816. General Archives of
State-Prefecture of Corfu, Magistrato di Sanità di
Corfu I, File 54. 264
10.3 Fede de partenza signed by the Protomedico of
Zante for a ship travelling to Corfu, 1816. General
Archives of State-Prefecture of Corfu, Magistrato
di Sanità di Corfu II, File 54, 1, f.41r. 265
10.4 Epidemic outbreaks of various infectious diseases
in the Ionian State, the Greek Kingdom and the
Greek territories of the Ottoman Empire. 267