Mechanochemistry: A Practical Introduction from Soft to Hard Materials PDF
Preview Mechanochemistry: A Practical Introduction from Soft to Hard Materials
EvelinaColacino,GuidoEnnas,IvanHalasz,AndreaPorcheddu, AlessandraScano(Eds.) Mechanochemistry Also of interest InorganicandOrganometallicPolymers PalSinghChauhan,SinghChundawat, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- OrganicChemistry:Must-KnowMechanisms Valiulin, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- AdvancedComposites Davim(Ed.) ISSN- PureandAppliedChemistry. TheScientificJournalofIUPAC Burrows,Stohner(Eds.) ISSN-,e-ISSN- Mechanochemistry A Practical Introduction from Soft to Hard Materials Edited by Evelina Colacino, Guido Ennas, Ivan Halasz, Andrea Porcheddu and Alessandra Scano Editors Prof.EvelinaColacino Prof.AndreaPorcheddu UniversitédeMontpellier DipartimentodiScienzeChimicheeGeologiche InstitutCharlesGerhardtdeMontpellier UniversitàdiCagliari (ICGM)–UMR5253CNRS,ENSCM,UM CittadellaUniversitaria 8,Ruedel'EcoleNormale 09042Monserrato(Cagliari) 340296Montpellier Italy France [email protected] [email protected] Dr.AlessandraScano Prof.GuidoEnnas DipartimentodiScienzeChimicheeGeologiche DipartimentodiScienzeChimicheeGeologiche UniversitàdiCagliari UniversitàdiCagliari CittadellaUniversitaria CittadellaUniversitaria 09042Monserrato(Cagliari) 09042Monserrato(Cagliari) Italy Italy [email protected] [email protected] Dr.IvanHalasz DivisionofPhys.Chem. RuđerBoškovićInstitute Bijeničkacesta54 HR-10000Zagreb Croatia [email protected] ISBN978-3-11-060964-6 e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-060833-5 e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-060847-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2020948699 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2021WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston Coverillustration:Prof.Dr.–Ing.ChristophHartl,withtheuseofphotographicmaterial andlicensefromGettyImagesDeutschlandGmbH Typesetting:IntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd. Printingandbinding:CPIbooksGmbH,Leck www.degruyter.com Preface Mechanical processing to make new materials and substances is an ancient tech- nique,withcreationofnewmatterbygrinding,rubbing,anddifferenttypesofshear mostlikelybeingamongtheoldestpracticesknowntohumankind.Mechanicallyin- ducedtransformationsthatinvolvechemicalchangehavebeendocumentedatleast aslongas2000yearsago,forexampleinthemethodforwinningmercuryfromcin- nabarite outlined in Theophrastus’ Book of Stones. Grinding in some form or other has been instrumental for the development of early medical remedies, something thatweareoftenstillremindedofbythemortar-and-pestlesymbolfoundoutsideof manypharmacists’stores.Chemistryresultingfrommechanicalscratchingandmill- inghasattractedtheattentionofsomeofthelegendsofearlychemistryandphysical sciences,asseeninM.Faraday’sexplorationsofreactivityofhydratedinorganicsol- ids,orinthereporteduseofKügelchenbyWöhler.Whilechemicalreactionsinduced bymechanicalactionwereestablishedandwellrecognizedintheearly20thcentury, with the subject given the name mechanochemistry in Ostwald’s The Fundamental Principles ofChemistry, thisareasubsequently fellintodisregard and oblivion.That is, until now – modern days have seen a true renaissance of mechanical reactivity acrossprobablyallmajorareasofchemicalsynthesisandmaterialschemistry,rang- ingfromorganicsynthesistonanoparticlematerials. This exciting spirit of new exploration and recognizing new opportunities of- fered by the cleaner, safer and simply “greener” solvent-free reaction medium of mechanochemistryis perfectlycaptured by thisintroductory textbookto the topic, edited by Colacino, Ennas, Halasz, Porcheddu and Scano. These authors are, each intheirownway,pushingforwardthenewmechanochemistrywhichhasbeenun- dergoingvirtuallyexplosive,previouslyunseenlevelofdevelopment.Thisdevelop- ment has created a clear need for a broader, but still accessible, overview of the field, in the form that could be attractive, approachable and taken as an introduc- torymaterialtothewiderangeofapplicationsthatarenowbeingaddressedbyme- chanosynthesis by milling or grinding. This book covers that need in the most satisfactoryway,providinganeasytofollowoverviewofthefield,whichincludesa brief and broad discussion of the area in Chapter 1, followed by a succinct, clear and useful discussion of the available apparatus in Chapter 2, highlighting their fundamental designs, and importantly the similarities and differences, advantages anddisadvantages.Thebookalsoprovidesamoredetailedfocusonselectedareas ofmechanochemistry,someofwhicharebasedontraditionaldivisionsofreactivity ininorganicsystems(Chapter3),whileothersprovideadifferentlineofreasoning. ThisisthecaseinChapter 4, which providesan overviewofmechanochemicalor- ganicreactivity,butpresentedbyColacinoandPorchedduthroughthelensofaset ofexperimentsthatcanbeimplementedinteachingundergraduatecurricula.This chapter indeed shows instructors how mechanochemistry can be used to teach https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110608335-202 VI Preface students to “think chemistry differently”. Chapter 5 by Halasz offers an exciting overviewofarelativelynewtopicofcocrystallization,inthatwayprovidingataste of supramolecular chemistry to the book, while at the same time providing a brief glimpse into the evolving world of real-time studies of mechanisms that underlie mechanochemicalreactionsinamill.Anoverviewofcoordinationpolymermecha- nochemistry,which followsinChapter 6provided byEnnas andScanoisalogical extension from that topic, which gives a short overview how mechanochemical millingishelpingpushforwardthisnewareaofmaterialsscience.Whileproviding an overview of modern mechanochemical synthesis is a challenge, it is even more sowhenthegoalistocreateasuccinct,exciting,andwell-organizedtextbook. The authors have surmounted this challenge with outstanding success and I warmlyrecommendMechanochemistry–APracticalIntroductionFromSofttoHard Materials as an excellent introductory synthesis-by-mechanochemistry text to stu- dents,educators,afficionadosandexpertsalike. TomislavFriščić,Prof.(McGillUniversity,Montréal) Acknowledgements This book is based upon work from COST Action CA18112, supported by COST (EuropeanCooperationinScienceandTechnology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initia- tivesacross Europe andenable scientiststo grow theirideas by sharing themwith theirpeers.Thisbooststheirresearch,careerandinnovation. http://www.cost.eu/ Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union COST Action CA18112 – Mechanochemistry for Sustainable Industry (MechSustInd, www.mechsustind.eu)isaEuropeanUnionnetworkinginitiativeaimedtonurtureand catalyseinteractionsbetweenEuropeanandoverseasresearchersinMechanochemistry. COST Action CA18112 is supported for 4 years (2019-2023) by European COST fundsandgathermorethan130scientistsfrom33CountrieswithinEurope.Thein- ternational dimension of COST Action CA18112 goes out the borders of Europe and countsmembersfromCanada,China,Mexico,Russia,SingaporeandUSA. COSTActionCA18112aimstonucleateacriticalmassofactorsfromEUresearch Institutions, enterprises and industries, bringing together different areas of exper- tiseandapplication.Thisinturnwillcreatethenecessarysynergytoestablishinga vigorousmulti-disciplinarynetworkofEuropeanscientists,engineers,technologists, entrepreneurs,industrialistsandinvestorsaddressingtheexploitationofmechanical activationintheproductionofchemicalsthroughsustainableandeconomicallycon- venientpracticesonthemediumandlargescales.Amongtheobjectives,thereisthe implementationofmechanochemistryasacommonpracticeatUndergraduateLevel, as a wayto contribute tothe development of the ‘sustainablethinking’ ofthe future generationsofscientists.Formoreinformationwww.mechsustind.eu https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110608335-203 VIII Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank Prof. Christoph Hartl (Technische Hochschule, Köln, Germany),forthedesignandrealizationofthebookcoverart. Authors are extremely grateful to Prof. Tomislav Friščić (Department of Chemistry, McGillUniversity,Canada)fortheendorsementofthisbook. Contents Preface V Acknowledgements VII Editors’BiographicalSketches XI GuidoEnnas,AlessandraScano,AndreaPorcheddu,IvanHalasz, EvelinaColacino 1 Mechanochemistry:anoverviewandahistoricalaccount 1 EvelinaColacino,AndreaPorcheddu,IvanHalasz,AlessandraScano, GuidoEnnas 2 Frommanualgrindingtoautomatedballmills 9 AlessandraScano,GuidoEnnas 3 Rediscoveringmechanochemistryforinorganicmaterials 23 EvelinaColacino,AndreaPorcheddu 4 Introducingpracticalorganicmechanochemistryintoundergraduate curricula 41 IvanHalasz 5 Mechanochemicalpreparationofcocrystals 71 GuidoEnnas,AlessandraScano 6 Coordinationpolymersbyamechanochemicalapproach 87 Index 99
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