Mechanical Properties and Processing of Ceramic Binary, Ternary, and Composite Systems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 29, Issue 2

188 Pages·2009·7.095 MB·English

by  Tatsuki Ohji, Andrew Wereszczak(eds.)

Mechanical Properties and
Processing of Ceramic
Binary, Ternary, and
Composite Systems
Mechanical Properties and
Processing of Ceramic
Binary, Ternary, and
Composite Systems
A Collection of Papers Presented at the
32nd International Conference on Advanced
Ceramics and Composites
January 27-February 7,2008
Daytona Beach, Florida
Editors
Jonathan Salem
Greg Hilmas
William Fahrenh olt z
Volume Editors
Tatsuki Ohji
Andrew Wereszczak
WILEY
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Contents
Preface vii
Introduction ix
BINARY AND TERNARY CERAMICS
Synthesis and Phase Development in the Cr-AI-N System 3
M-L. Antti, Y-B. Cheng, and M. OdBn
Phase Evolution and Properties of Ti2AIN Based Materials, 13
Obtained by SHS Method
L. Chlubny, J. Lis, and M.M. BuCko
Synthesis of Ti,SiC2 by Reaction of TIC and Si Powders 21
Ida Kero, Marta-Lena Antti, and Magnus Od6n
Toughening of a ZrC Particle-Reinforced Ti3AIC2C omposite 31
G.M. Song, Q.Xu, W.G. Sloof, S.B. Li, and S. van der Zwaag
Microstructure and Properties of the Cermets Based on Ti(C,N) 41
S.Q. Zhou, W. Zhao, W.H. Xiong
Scratch-Induced Deformation and Residual Stress in a Zirconium 51
Diboride-Silicon Carbide Composite
Dipankar Ghosh, Ghatu Subhash, and Nina Orlovskaya
Finite Element Modeling of Internal Stress Factors for ZrB2-Sic 65
Ceramics
Michael P. Teague, Gregory E. Hilmas, and William G. Fahrenholtz
V
Effects of Microstructural Anisotropy on Fracture Behavior of 77
Heat-Pressed Glass-Ceramics and Glass-Infiltrated Alumina
Composites for Dental Restorations
Humberto N. Yoshimura, Carla C. Gonzaga, Paulo F. Cesar, and
Walter G. Miranda, Jr.
SILICON CARBIDE, CARBON AND OXIDE BASED COMPOSITES
Mechanical Properties of Hi-NICALON S and SA3 Fiber Reinforced 91
SiC/SiC Minicomposites
C. Sauder, A. Brusson, and J. Lamon
The Effect of Holes on the Residual Strength of SiC/SiC Ceramic 101
Composites
G. Ojard, Y. Gowayed, U. Santhosh, J. Ahmad, R. Miller, and R. John
Through Thickness Modulus (E33) of Ceramic Matrix Composites: 109
Mechanical Test Method Confirmation
G. Ojard, T. Barnett, A. Calomino, Y. Gowayed, U. Santhosh, J. Ahmaad,
R. Miller. and R. John
The Effects of Si Content and Sic Polytype on the Microstructure 115
and Properties of RBSC
A.L. Marshall, P. Chhillar, P. Karandikar, A. McCorrnick, and M.K. Aghajanian
In-Situ Reaction Sintering of Porous Mullite-Bonded Silicon Carbide, 127
Its Mechanical Behavior and High Temperature Applications
Neelkanth Bardhan and Parag Bhargava
Study on Elasto-Plastic Behavior of Different Carbon Types in 141
Carbon/Carbon Composites
Soydan Ozcan, Jale Tezcan, Jane Y. Howe, and Peter Filip
Effects of Temperature and Steam Environment on Creep Behavior 151
of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Composite
J.C. Braun and M.B. Ruggles-Wrenn
Characterization of Foreign Object Damage in an Oxide/Oxide 167
Composite at Ambient Temperature
Sung R. Choi and Donald J. Alexander
Processing and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Barium 179
Aluminosilicate Composites for High Temperature Radomes
Richard Cass, Geoffrey Eadon, and Paul Wentzel
Author Index 189
vi Mechanical Properties and Processing of Ceramic Systems
Preface
This volume contains papers presented in the Mechanical Behavior and Structural
Design of Monolithic and Composite Ceramics symposium of the 32nd Internation-
al Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites held on January
27-February 1,2008 at Daytona Beach, Florida.
This volume emphasizes the processing and properties of binary, ternary and
composite systems, which are being developed to broaden the application of ceram-
ic in structural systems. It is a continuation in the development of a forum for the
discussion of recent developments and applications of binary, ternary, and compos-
ite systems.
The papers presented at the symposium represented research from 20 countries
and demonstrate the worldwide interest in the processing and properties of complex
ceramic systems. The organization of the symposium and the publication of this
proceeding were possible thanks to the professional staff of The American Ceramic
Society and the tireless dedication of many Engineering Ceramics Division mem-
bers. We would especially like to express our sincere thanks to the symposia orga-
nizers, session chairs, presenters and conference attendees, for their efforts and en-
thusiastic participation in the vibrant and cutting-edge symposium.
Jonathan Salem
NASA Glenn Research Center
Greg Hilmas
Missouri University of Science and Technology
William Fahrenholtz
Missouri University of Science and Technology
vii
In t rodu ct ion
Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division (ECD) in conjunction with the
Basic Science Division (BSD) of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS), the
32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)
was held on January 27 to February 1, 2008, in Daytona Beach, Florida. 2008 was
the second year that the meeting venue changed from Cocoa Beach, where ICACC
was originated in January 1977 and was fostered to establish a meeting that is today
the most preeminent international conference on advanced ceramics and composites
The 32nd ICACC hosted 1,247 attendees from 40 countries and 724 presenta-
tions on topics ranging from ceramic nanomaterials to structural reliability of ce-
ramic components, demonstrating the linkage between materials science develop-
ments at the atomic level and macro level structural applications. The conference
was organized into the following symposia and focused sessions:
Symposium 1 Mechanical Behavior and Structural Design of
Monolithic and Composite Ceramics
Symposium 2 Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental,
and Functional Applications
Symposium 3 5th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
(SOFC): Materials, Science, and Technology
Symposium 4 Ceramic Armor
Symposium 5 Next Generation Bioceramics
Symposium 6 2nd International Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials for
Power Conversion Applications
Symposium 7 2nd International Symposium on Nanostructured Materials
and Nanotechnology: Development and Applications
Symposium 8 Advanced Processing & Manufacturing Technologies for
Structural & Multifunctional Materials and Systems (APMT):
An International Symposium in Honor of Prof. Yoshinari
Mi yamoto
Symposium 9 Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications
ix
Symposium 10 Basic Science of Multifunctional Ceramics
Symposium 11 Science of Ceramic Interfaces: An International Symposium
Memorializing Dr. Rowland M. Cannon
Focused Session 1 Geopolymers
Focused Session 2 Materials for Solid State Lighting
Peer reviewed papers were divided into nine issues of the 2008 Ceramic Engi-
neering & Science Proceedings (CESP); Volume 29, Issues 2-10, as outlined be-
low:
Mechanical Properties and Processing of Ceramic Binary, Ternary and Com-
posite Systems, Vol. 29, Is 2 (includes papers from symposium 1)
Corrosion, Wear, Fatigue, and Reliability of Ceramics, Vol. 29, Is 3 (includes
papers from symposium 1)
Advanced Ceramic Coatings and Interfaces 111, Vol. 29, Is 4 (includes papers
from symposium 2)
Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV, Vol. 29, Is 5 (includes papers from
symposium 3)
Advances in Ceramic Armor IV, Vol. 29, Is 6 (includes papers from sympo-
sium 4)
Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics, Vol. 29, Is 7 (includes papers
from symposia 5 and 9)
Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology 11, Vol. 29, Is 8 (includes pa-
pers from symposium 7)
Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and
Multifunctional Materials 11, Vol. 29, Is 9 (includes papers from symposium
8)
Developments in Strategic Materials, Vol. 29, Is 10 (includes papers from
symposia 6, 10, and 1 1, and focused sessions 1 and 2)
The organization of the Daytona Beach meeting and the publication of these pro-
ceedings were possible thanks to the professional staff of ACerS and the tireless
dedication of many ECD and BSD members. We would especially like to express
our sincere thanks to the symposia organizers, session chairs, presenters and confer-
ence attendees, for their efforts and enthusiastic participation in the vibrant and cut-
ting-edge conference.
ACerS and the ECD invite you to attend the 33rd International Conference on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites (http://www,ceramics.org/daytona2009J)a nu-
ary 18-23,2009 in Daytona Beach, Florida.
TATSUKOIH JIa nd ANDREWA . WERESZCZAVKo,l ume Editors
July 2008
x . Mechanical Properties and Processing of Ceramic Systems
Mechanical Properties and Processing of Cer*aniic
Binary, Ternaiy, and Composite Systems
Edited by Jonathan Salem, Greg Hilmas and William Fahrenholtz
Copyright 0 2009 The American Ceramic Society.
Binary and
Ternary Ceramics
Mechanical Properties and Processing of Cer*aniic
Binary, Ternaiy, and Composite Systems
Edited by Jonathan Salem, Greg Hilmas and William Fahrenholtz
Copyright 0 2009 The American Ceramic Society.
SYNTHESIS AND PHASE DEVELOPMENT IN THE Cr-A1-N SYSTEM
M-L. Antti' , Y-B. Cheng2 and M. O d d
'LuleA University of Technology, Division of Engineering Materials, SE 971 87 LuleB, Sweden
2Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia
'Division of Nanostructured Materials, Linkoping University. SE 581 83, Sweden
ABSTRACT
The ternary nitride system Cr-AI-N has been investigated by sintering different powder
compositions. The powder compositions belong to four groups, AIN- + Cr-powder (5 compositions
between 20-90 molar% AIN), Al- + Cr2N-powder (5 compositions between 15-80 molar?h Cr2N), AIN-
+ Cr2N-powder (50- and 90 molar% Cr2N) and Al- + Cr-powder. The powders were dry mixed and
pressed into pellets by uniaxial pressing followed by cold isostatic pressing (CW). Sintering took place
in a graphite lined reaction bonding furnace under nitrogen atmosphere at three different temperatures,
1350°C, 1500°C and 1800°C and in an alumina tube furnace in order to avoid access to carbon.
Holding times were varied, from 2 hours up to 72 hours.
The phase development was evaluated by thermal analysis and XRD. CrAlN was formed at
1350°C but decomposed at higher temperatures. Both pure AI and Cr-powder were prone to react with
carbon in the graphite furnace. Thermal analysis showed a sublimation of Cr2N at temperatures around
1050°C and nitridation of pure Al-powder between 680-750°C and of pure Cr-powder between 610-
1080°C. Samples with pure Al-powder showed a very large expansion due to melting of aluminium in
combination with nitridation. AIN was found to be more stable than CrzN at higher temperatures and
longer holding times. The mixtures of Al-+Cr-powder produced an intermediate Al-Cr-phase.
INTRODUCTION
Chromium aluminium nitride has shown promising properties for cutting and wear applications,
such as high hardness, wear- and oxidation resistance'.2. Increasing the amount of aluminium in Cr-N
coatings increases the oxidation resistance of the film by formation of an aluminium oxide layer on the
surface3. There are many reports on thin film production of CrAIN-film~~.'~b'.u t the material is much
less studied in bulk form.
CrAlN crystallizes in two different ways depending on the AIN content. The crystal structure is
cubic B1 NaCI-structure CrN for lower amount of AIN and hexagonal B4 wurtzite-structure AIN (w-
AIN) for higher amount of AIN'.
Little work has been reported on bulk preparation of CrA1N. The aim of this work is to
investigate the phase development in the Cr-AI-N system during sintering in different temperatures.
MATERlAL
The material in this study consisted of aluminium nitride and pure chromium powder from Alfa
Aesar (Johnson Matthey, Karlsruhe, Germany), chromium(I1I)nitride and aluminium powder from
Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). The particle sizes of the powders were around 40 microns. The
chromium(Il1)nitride powder consists of 85% Cr2N and 15% CrN. Four different groups of
compositions were made, as shown in figure I.
3