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Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook Mechanical Engineers’Handbook Fourth Edition Energy and Power Edited by Myer Kutz CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImage:©denisovd/Thinkstock Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Copyright©2014byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformor byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptas permittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeeto theCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978) 646-8600,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbe addressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030, (201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineatwww.wiley.com/go/permissions. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswiththerespecttotheaccuracyor completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitable foryoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorthe authorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom. Forgeneralinformationaboutourotherproductsandservices,pleasecontactourCustomerCare DepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993or fax(317)572-4002. Wileypublishesinavarietyofprintandelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somematerial includedwithstandardprintversionsofthisbookmaynotbeincludedine-booksorinprint-on-demand. IfthisbookreferstomediasuchasaCDorDVDthatisnotincludedintheversionyoupurchased,you maydownloadthismaterialathttp://booksupport.wiley.com.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts, visitwww.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Mechanicalengineershandbook:energyandpower/editedbyMyerKutz.–Fourthedition. 1onlineresource. Includesindex. DescriptionbasedonprintversionrecordandCIPdataprovidedbypublisher;resourcenotviewed. ISBN978-1-118-95636-6(ePub)–ISBN978-1-118-95637-3(AdobePDF)– ISBN978-1-118-11899-3(4-volumeset)–ISBN978-1-118-11285-4(cloth:volume4:acid-freepaper) 1.Mechanicalengineering–Handbooks,manuals,etc.I.Kutz,Myer,editorofcompilation. TJ151 621–dc23 2014005952 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Arthur and Bess, Tony and Mary-Ann, for all the good times Contents Preface ix VisionfortheFourthEdition xi Contributors xiii PART1 ENERGY 1 1. ThermophysicalPropertiesofFluids 3 PeterE.Liley 2. MechanicsofIncompressibleFluids 41 EgemenOlOgretimandWadeW.Huebsch 3. ThermodynamicsFundamentals 135 AdrianBejan 4. ExergyAnalysis,EntropyGenerationMinimization,andtheConstructalLaw 157 AdrianBejan 5. HeatTransferFundamentals 183 G.P.Peterson 6. TemperatureMeasurement 247 PeterR.N.Childs 7. HeatFluxMeasurement 285 T.E.Diller 8. Furnaces 313 CarrollCone 9. HeatExchangers,Vaporizers,andCondensers 375 JosephW.Palen 10. HeatPipes 415 HongbinMa 11. AirHeating 443 RichardJ.Reed 12. CoolingElectricEquipment 451 AllanKraus,AvramBar-Cohen,andAbhayA.Wative 13. Refrigeration 499 DennisL.O’Neal 14. CryogenicEngineering 543 J.G.WeisendII 15. IndoorEnvironmentalControl 577 JelenaSrebric 16. ThermalSystemsOptimization 599 VikrantC.Aute vii viii Contents PART2 POWER 633 17. Combustion 635 EricG.Eddings 18. GaseousFuels 673 RichardJ.Reed 19. LiquidFossilFuelsfromPetroleum 683 RichardJ.Reed 20. Coals,Lignite,andPeat 703 JamesG.Keppeler 21. CleanPowerGenerationfromCoal 719 JamesW.ButlerandPrabirBasu 22. BiofuelsforTransportation 767 AaronSmith,CesarGranda,andMarkHoltzapple 23. SolarEnergyMeasurements 805 TariqMuneerandYiengWeiTham 24. GeothermalResourcesandTechnology:Introduction 839 PeterD.Blair 25. Pumps,Fans,Blowers,andCompressors 857 KeithMarchildonandDavidMody 26. GasTurbines 901 HaroldE.MillerandToddS.Nemec 27. WindPowerGeneration 955 ToddS.Nemec 28. Cogeneration 963 JeraldA.Caton 29. HydrogenEnergy 991 E.K.Stefanakos,D.Y.Goswami,andS.S.Srinivasan 30. SteamTurbines 1029 WilliamW.Peng 31. FuelCells 1055 MatthewM.MenchandFeng-YuanZhang 32. FluidPowerSystems 1089 AndrewAlleyne Index 1123

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The engineer's ready reference for mechanical power and heat Mechanical Engineer's Handbook provides the most comprehensive coverage of the entire discipline, with a focus on explanation and analysis. Packaged as a modular approach, these books are designed to be used either individually or as a set