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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Edited by Murat Gökçek Mechanical Engineering Edited by Murat Gökçek Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Danijela Duric Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published April, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Mechanical Engineering, Edited by Murat Gökçek p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0505-3 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Power Transmission Systems 1 Chapter 1 Mechanical Transmissions Parameter Modelling 3 Isad Saric, Nedzad Repcic and Adil Muminovic Chapter 2 Gearbox Simulation Models with Gear and Bearing Faults 17 Endo Hiroaki and Sawalhi Nader Chapter 3 Split Torque Gearboxes: Requirements, Performance and Applications 55 Abraham Segade-Robleda, José-Antonio Vilán-Vilán, Marcos López-Lago and Enrique Casarejos-Ruiz Chapter 4 On the Modelling of Spur and Helical Gear Dynamic Behaviour 75 Velex Philippe Chapter 5 The Role of the Gearbox in an Automatic Machine 107 Hermes Giberti, Simone Cinquemani and Giovanni Legnani Chapter 6 Electrical Drives for Crane Application 131 Nebojsa Mitrovic, Milutin Petronijevic, Vojkan Kostic and Borislav Jeftenic Part 2 Manufacturing Processes and System Analysis 157 Chapter 7 Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of ABS Parts Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modelling 159 Constance Ziemian, Mala Sharma and Sophia Ziemian Chapter 8 Design and Evaluation of Self-Expanding Stents Suitable for Diverse Clinical Manifestation Based on Mechanical Engineering 181 Daisuke Yoshino and Masaaki Sato VI Contents Chapter 9 Spin and Spin Recovery 209 Dragan Cvetković, Duško Radaković, Časlav Mitrović and Aleksandar Bengin Chapter 10 Surface Welding as a Way of Railway Maintenance 233 Olivera Popovic and Radica Prokic-Cvetkovic Chapter 11 Study on Thixotropic Plastic Forming of Magnesium Matrix Composites 253 Hong Yan Chapter 12 Development of a Winding Mechanism for Amorphous Ribbon Used in Transformer Cores 277 Marcelo Ruben Pagnola and Rodrigo Ezequiel Katabian Chapter 13 Free Vibration Analysis of Centrifugally Stiffened Non Uniform Timoshenko Beams 291 Diana V. Bambill, Daniel H. Felix, Raúl E. Rossi and Alejandro R. Ratazzi Chapter 14 Vibration-Based Diagnostics of Steam Turbines 315 Tomasz Gałka Chapter 15 On the Mechanical Compliance of Technical Systems 341 Lena Zentner and Valter Böhm Part 3 Thermo-Fluid Systems 353 Chapter 16 Waste Heat Recycling for Fuel Reforming 355 Rong-Fang Horng and Ming-Pin Lai Chapter 17 Steam Turbines Under Abnormal Frequency Conditions in Distributed Generation Systems 381 Fabrício A. M. Moura, José R. Camacho, Geraldo C. Guimarães and Marcelo L. R. Chaves Chapter 18 Aeronautical Engineering 401 Časlav Mitrović, Aleksandar Bengin, Nebojša Petrović and Jovan Janković Chapter 19 Numerical Modeling of Wet Steam Flow in Steam Turbine Channel 443 Hasril Hasini, Mohd. Zamri Yusoff and Norhazwani Abd. Malek Chapter 20 Experimental Study on Generation of Single Cavitation Bubble Collapse Behavior by a High Speed Camera Record 463 Sheng-Hsueh Yang, Shenq-Yuh Jaw and Keh-Chia Yeh Contents VII Chapter 21 Noise Reduction in Butterfly Valve Cavitation by Semicircular Fins and Visualization of Cavitation Flow 483 Kazuhiko Ogawa Part 4 Simulations and Computer Applications 501 Chapter 22 Computer Simulation of Involute Tooth Generation 203 Cuneyt Fetvaci Chapter 23 Applications of Computer Vision in Micro/Nano Observation 527 Yangjie Wei, Chengdong Wu and Zaili Dong Chapter 24 Advanced Free Form Manufacturing by Computer Aided Systems – Cax 555 Adriano Fagali De Souza and Sabrina Bodziak Part 5 New Approaches for Mechanical Engineering Education and Organization Systems 587 Chapter 25 Modern Methods of Education, Research and Design Used in Mechanical Engineering 589 Borza Sorin-Ioan, Brindasu Paul Dan and Beju Livia Dana Chapter 26 Mechanical Engineering Education: Preschool to Graduate School 615 Emily M. Hunt, Pamela Lockwood-Cooke and Michelle L. Pantoya Chapter 27 Use of Discounted Cash Flow Methods for Evaluation of Engineering Projects 631 Igor Pšunder Chapter 28 Configuration Logic of Standard Business Processes for Inter-Company Order Management 647 Carsten Schmidt and Stefan Cuber Preface Mechanical engineering is one of the largest engineering disciplines that present tangible solutions for whole humanity’s prosperity and the quality of life. Rapidly increasing demands have been increasing its importance more and more. The many areas within the scope of mechanical engineering include transportation, power generation, energy conversion, machine design, manufacturing and automation, the control of system. The purpose of the Mechanical Engineering book is to present to the engineers in industrial areas and to the academic environments the state-of-to-art information on the most important topics of modern mechanical engineering. This Mechanical Engineering book is organized into the following five parts: I Power Transmission Systems II Manufacturing Processes and System Analysis III Thermo-Fluid Systems IV Simulations and Computer Applications V New Approaches in Mechanical Engineering Education and Organization Systems The first part of this book starts with a collection of articles on the power transmission systems. This section introduces modeling of transmission parameter, the performance and simulation, and dynamics analysis of gearboxes. Section two collects articles about the manufacturing processes and system analysis such as welding, plastic forming, investigation of mechanical properties, and vibration analysis. The third section presents the studies related to thermo-fluid science and it includes topics such as fuel reforming, steam turbines used distributed power production, numerical modeling of wet steam flow, collapse behavior of cavitation bubble, and visualization of cavitation flow. The subsequent fourth part provides a platform to share knowledge about the simulation and computer applications in mechanical engineering. Lastly, section five is a collection of articles that investigate modern education methods and engineering projects in mechanical engineering. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all of the authors for their contributions. The successful completion of the book Mechanical Engineering has been X Preface the result of the cooperation of many people. I would like to thank the Publishing Process Manager Ms. Leda Bace for her support during the publishing process, as well as Mr. Metin Ertufan for inviting me to be the editor of this book. Dr. Murat Gökçek PhD, Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey