Measuring Research PDF
Preview Measuring Research
MEASURING RESEARCH WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW® MEASURING RESEARCH WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW® CASSIDY R. SUGIMOTO AND VINCENT LARIVIÈRE 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. “What Everyone Needs to Know” is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–064012–5 (pbk.) ISBN 978– 0– 19– 064011– 8 (hbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Paperback Printed by Printed by WebCom, Inc., Canada Hardback Printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America This book is dedicated to Noah, Zoé, Anastasia, and Madeleine— who are extraordinary beyond measure. CONTENTS 1. The Basics 1 What is this book about? 1 Why measure research? 3 Who is this book for? 5 What are the historical foundations for measuring research? 7 What are the theoretical foundations of measuring research? 10 What is an indicator? 14 What are the data sources for measuring research? 16 2. The Data 22 What is a citation index? 22 What is the Web of Science? 25 What is Scopus? 30 What is Google Scholar Citations? 32 What are the differences among the main citation indices? 35 What are the cultural biases of data sources? 38 How are disciplines defined? 45 viii Contents 3. The Indicators 50 How is authorship defined and measured? 50 How is research production defined and measured? 53 How is collaboration defined and measured? 57 How is interdisciplinarity defined and measured? 62 How is impact defined and measured? 64 What is the difference between references and citations? 66 Why is research cited? 67 How do citation rates vary by time and discipline? 69 What is not cited? 76 How concentrated are citations? 79 How are citations counted? 81 What are self- citations? 86 How is obsolescence measured? 90 What is the journal impact factor? 93 What is the Eigenfactor Score? 96 What is Source Normalized Impact per paper? 98 What is the SCImago journal rank? 99 What is CiteScore? 99 What is the h-i ndex? 100 What are altmetrics? 102 How is research funding measured? 110 What are indicators for applied research? 112 What is the relationship between science indicators and peer review? 116 4. The Big Picture 119 Who controls research measurement? 119 What are the responsibilities of stakeholders? 122 Contents ix What are the adverse effects of measurement? 126 What is the future of measuring research? 129 FURTHER READING 135 INDEX 143
The list of books you might like
