MatLab GUI Tutorial

500 Pages·2015·6.26 MB·English

®
MATLAB
Creating Graphical User Interfaces
R2015a
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MATLAB® Creating Graphical User Interfaces
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Revision History
November 2000 Online Only New for MATLAB 6.0 (Release 12)
June 2001 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 6.1 (Release 12.1)
July 2002 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 6.6 (Release 13)
June 2004 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.0 (Release 14)
October 2004 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.0.1 (Release 14SP1)
March 2005 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.0.4 (Release 14SP2)
September 2005 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.1 (Release 14SP3)
March 2006 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.2 (Release 2006a)
May 2006 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.2
September 2006 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.3 (Release 2006b)
March 2007 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.4 (Release 2007a)
September 2007 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.5 (Release 2007b)
March 2008 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.6 (Release 2008a)
October 2008 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.7 (Release 2008b)
March 2009 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.8 (Release 2009a)
September 2009 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.9 (Release 2009b)
March 2010 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.10 (Release 2010a)
September 2010 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.11 (Release 2010b)
April 2011 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.12 (Release 2011a)
September 2011 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.13 (Release 2011b)
March 2012 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.14 (Release 2012a)
September 2012 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.0 (Release 2012b)
March 2013 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.1 (Release 2013a)
September 2013 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.2 (Release 2013b)
March 2014 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.3 (Release 2014a)
October 2014 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.4 (Release 2014b)
March 2015 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.5 (Release 2015a)

Contents
Introduction to Creating UIs
About UIs in MATLAB Software
1
What Is a UI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
How Does a UI Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Ways to Build MATLAB UIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
How to Create a UI with GUIDE
2
Create a Simple UI Using GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Open a New UI in the GUIDE Layout Editor . . . . . . . . 2-2
Set the Window Size in GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Layout the Simple GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Code the Behavior of the Simple GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . 2-16
Open and Run the Simple GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Files Generated by GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Code Files and FIG-Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
UI Code File Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Adding Callback Templates to an Existing UI Code File 2-25
About GUIDE-Generated Callbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
v
A Simple Programmatic UI
3
Create a Simple UI Programmatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Create a Code File for the Simple Programmatic UI . . . 3-3
Create a Figure for the Simple Programmatic UI . . . . . 3-3
Add Components to the Simple Programmatic UI . . . . . 3-4
Code the Simple Programmatic UI Behavior . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Verify Code and Run the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Create UIs with GUIDE
What Is GUIDE?
4
GUIDE: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
UI Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
UI Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
GUIDE Tools Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
GUIDE Preferences and Options
5
GUIDE Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Set Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Confirmation Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Backward Compatibility Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
All Other Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
GUIDE Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
The GUI Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Resize Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Command-Line Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
vi Contents
Generate FIG-File and MATLAB File . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Generate FIG-File Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Lay Out a UI Using GUIDE
6
GUIDE Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Access the Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Template Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Set the UI Window Size in GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Prevent Existing Objects from Resizing with the
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Set the Window Position or Size to an Exact Value . . . 6-12
Maximize the Layout Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
GUIDE Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Add Components to the GUIDE Layout Area . . . . . . . . 6-17
Place Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
User Interface Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Panels and Button Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44
Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-50
Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-54
ActiveX Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-65
Resize GUIDE UI Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-67
Copy, Paste, and Arrange Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-70
Select Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-70
Copy, Cut, and Clear Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-71
Paste and Duplicate Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-71
Front-to-Back Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-72
Locate and Move Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-74
Use Coordinate Readouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-74
Drag Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-75
Use Arrow Keys to Move Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-76
Set the Component's Position Property . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-76
vii
Align GUIDE UI Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-79
Align Objects Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-79
Property Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82
Grid and Rulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85
Guide Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-86
Customize Tabbing Behavior in a GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . 6-88
Create Menus for GUIDE UIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-91
Menus for the Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-91
Context Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-101
Create Toolbars for GUIDE UIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-108
Toolbar and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-108
Editing Tool Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
View the GUIDE Object Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-119
Design Cross-Platform UIs in GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-120
Default System Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-120
Standard Background Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-121
Cross-Platform Compatible Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-121
UI Design References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-123
Save and Run a GUIDE UI
7
Save a GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Save a UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Create a Backward Compatible GUIDE Fig-File . . . . . . 7-2
Append New Callbacks to an Existing GUIDE Code
File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Create Programmatic Files from GUIDE Files . . . . . . . 7-4
Rename GUIDE UIs and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
viii Contents
Programming a GUIDE UI
8
Write Callbacks Using the GUIDE Workflow . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Callbacks for Different User Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
GUIDE-Generated Callback Functions and Property
Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
GUIDE Callback Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Renaming and Removing GUIDE-Generated Callbacks . 8-5
Initialize UIs Created Using GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Opening Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Output Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Callbacks for Specific Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
How to Use the Example Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Push Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Toggle Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Radio Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Check Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Edit Text Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
List Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Pop-Up Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Button Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Menu Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Examples of GUIDE UIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Examples of GUIDE UIs
9
Modal Dialog Box in GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Set Up the Close Confirmation Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Set Up a UI with a Close Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
ix
Run the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
How Close Confirmation Dialogs Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
UI That Uses Persistent Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Calling Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
MAT-file Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
UI Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Overall UI Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
UI That Accepts Parameters and Generates Plots . . . . 9-20
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
UI Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Validate Input as Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
Plot Push Button Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Synchronized Data Presentations in a GUIDE UI . . . . 9-30
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30
Recreate the UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-32
Interactive List Box in a GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
Implement the List Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-47
Plot Workspace Variables in a GUIDE UI . . . . . . . . . . . 9-52
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-52
Read Workspace Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-53
Read Selections from List Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-54
UI for Setting Simulink Model Parameters . . . . . . . . . 9-57
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57
How to Use the UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-58
Run the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59
Program the Slider and Edit Text Components . . . . . . 9-60
Run the Simulation from the UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-62
Remove Results from List Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64
Plot Results Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64
The Help Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-66
Close the UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-66
The List Box Callback and Create Function . . . . . . . . 9-67
Animation with Slider Controls in GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . 9-68
About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-68
x Contents