Math into TeX: A Simple Introduction to AMS-LaTex

324 Pages·1993·7.83 MB·English

by  George Grätzer (auth.)

MATH INTO
A SIMPLE INTRODUCTION TO
GEORGE GRATZER
lEX
MATH INTO
A SIMPLE INTRODUCTION TO
Springer Science+B usiness Media, LLC
George Gratzer
Department of Mathematics and Astronomy
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada R3T 2 N2
Library of Congress Cataloging In-Publication Data
Gratzer, George A.
Math into TeX : a simple introduction to AMS-LaTeX /
George Gratzer.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
(alk. paper)
1. AMS-LaTeX. 2. Mathematics printing--Computer programs.
3. Computerized typesetting--Computer programs. I. Title.
Z253.4.A65G7 1992 92-6320
686.2'2544536--dc20 CIP
Printed on acid-free paper
Birkhiiuser
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1993
Originally published by Birkhauser Boston in 1993.
Copyright is not claimed for works of U.S. Government employees.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy
ing, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by
Birkhauser Boston for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance
Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $6.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid
directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, U.S.A. Special requests should
be addressed directly to Birkhauser Boston, 675 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA
02139, U.S.A.
ISBN 978-0-8176-3637-1 ISBN 978-1-4899-6757-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-6757-2
Typeset by the Author in AMS-lf.1EX
9 8 7 6 5 432 1
Introduction xi
1. What is 'JEX and AMS-D'JEX? xi
2. Is this the book for you? xiii
3. For the novice xiii
4. For the experienced user xiv
5. Some more advanced topics xv
6. Acknowledgments xvi
Sample article xvii
PART I
A SHORT COURSE
Chapter 1. The structure of AMS-D'JEX 3
1-1. Basic information 3
1-2. AMS-D'JEX and your computer 4
1-3. Setting up AMS-D'JEX on a PC 5
1-3.1. Installation 5
1-3.2. Adjustments 8
1-3.3. Format file 8
1-3.4. Testing 10
1-3.5. Files 12
1-3.6. Interactive AW-lb1};X 12
1-3.7. Discussion 12
IV CONTENTS
1-4. Setting up AMS-I¥IEX on a Mac 13
1-4.1. Installation 14
1-4.2. Format file 14
1-4.3. Testing 16
1-4.4. Interactive ANfS-IbTEX 18
1-4.5. Files 18
1-5. Version numbers and creation dates 18
Chapter 2. Typing your first article 19
2-1. Outline 19
2-2. Typing a note 20
2-2.1. The keyboard 20
2-2.2. The first note 20
2-2.3. Lines too wide 22
2-2.4. Some more text features 23
2-3. Typing math 24
2-3.1. The keyboard 24
2-3.2. A note with math 25
2-3.3. Some building blocks of a formula 28
2-3.4. Building a formula step-by-step 31
2-4. Formula gallery 34
2-5. Typing equations and displayed formulas 39
2-5.1. Equations 40
2-5.2. Aligned formulas 41
2-6. The anatomy of an article 43
2-6.1. The Preamble 43
2-6.2. The Topmatter and the Body 43
2-6.3. The Bibliography 44
2-7. Setting up your article template 44
2-8. Typing your first AMS-Ib1EX article 50
2-8.1. Sectioning 50
2-8.2. Invoking declarations 51
2-8.3. Inserting references 52
2-9. More on AMS-D1EX error messages 53
2-10. Article design 56
2-11. What's next? 58
v
CONTENTS
PART II
A LEISURELY COURSE
Chapter 3. Typing text 63
3-1. The keyboard 63
3-1.1. The basic keys 63
3-1.2. Special keys 64
3-1.3. Prohibited keys 64
3-2. Words, sentences, and paragraphs 64
3-2.1. The period 66
3-3. Instructing AMS-I¥IEX: commands and environments 67
3-3.1. Scope 69
3-4. Symbols not on the keyboard 71
3-4.1. Quotes 71
3-4.2. Dashes 72
3-4.3. Blue space 72
3-4.4. Special keys 72
3-4.5. Ligatures 73
3-4.6. Accents and symbols 73
3-4.7. Special strings and numbers 74
3-4.8. Hyphenation 74
3-5. Commenting out 75
3-6. Special styles 77
3-6.1. Emphasizing 77
3-6.2. Style changes 78
3-6.3. Size changes 79
3-6.4. Boxed text 79
3-7. Lines, paragraphs, and pages 79
3-7.1. Lines 79
3-7.2. Paragraphs 82
3-7.3. Pages 83
3-8. Spaces 84
3-8.1. Horizontal spaces 84
3-8.2. Vertical spaces 85
3-8.3. Relative spaces 86
3-8.4. Expanding spaces 86
VI CONTENTS
3-9. Boxes 87
3-9.1. Line box 87
3-9.2. Paragraph box 88
3-9.3. Marginal comment 88
3-9.4. Solid box 88
3-9.5. Fine-tuning boxes 89
3-10. Footnotes 89
3-10.1. Fragile commands 90
3-11. Splitting up the file 90
3-11.1. Input 90
3-11.2. Include 90
Chapter 4. 1)rping math 93
4-1. Math environments 93
4-2. The equation environment 95
4-2.1. Equations 95
4-2.2. Tagging 96
4-3. Text in math 97
4-4. Spacing 97
4-4.1. The spacing rules 97
4-4.2. Adjustments 98
4-5. Basic constructs 100
4-5.1. Arithmetic 100
4-5.2. Fraction refinements 101
4-5.3. Roots 102
4-5.4. Binomials 102
4-5.5. Integrals 102
4-5.6. Ellipses 103
4-6. Delimiters 104
4-6.1. Fixed sized delimiters 104
4-6.2. Delimiters that stretch 105
4-6.3. Delimiters as symbols and binary relations 106
4-7. Operators 106
4-7.1. Congruences 108
4-8. Math accents 108
4-9. Sums and products 109
4-9.1. Subscript and superscript environments 109
CONTENTS VII
4-10. Lines that stretch 110
4-10.1. Arrows 110
4-10.2. Horizontal braces 110
4-10.3. Over- and underlining 111
4-11. Building symbols 111
4-11.1. Stacking symbols 112
4-11.2. Declaring the type 113
4-12. Vertical spacing 113
4-13. Special styles 114
4-13.1. Font changes 114
4-13.2. Style changes 114
4-13.3. Size changes 115
4-13.4. Boxed formulas 116
Chapter 5. The Preamble and the Topmatter 117
5-1. Preamble: Style section 118
5-2. Preamble: Declaration section 119
5-2.1. The three styles 119
5-2.2. Setting up a declaration 120
5-2.3. Invoking declarations 122
5-3. Preamble: Command section 123
5-4. Topmatter 124
5-4.1. Article info 124
5-4.2. Author info 125
5-4.3. Ao\;¢' info 127
5-4.4. Multiple authors 128
5-4.5. Examples 128
Chapter 6. The Body of the article 133
6-1. Abstract 133
6-2. Sectioning 134
6-2.1. Section 134
6-2.2. Other sectioning commands 134
6-2.3. Appendix 135
6-2.4. Equations 135
6-3. Cross-referencing 136
6-3.1. Page-referencing 137
6-4. Table of Contents and Index 137
6-4.1. Table of Contents 137
6-4.2. Index 138
VIII CONTENTS
6-5. Tables and figures 140
Chapter 7. The Bibliography 143
7-1. Bibliography in the article 143
7-2. The database document 148
7-2.1. Entry types 148
7-2.2. Article 149
7-2.3. Book 150
7-2.4. Conference proceedings and collections 151
7-2.5. Thesis 153
7-2.6. Technical report 154
7-2.7. Manuscript 154
7-2.8. Others 155
7-2.9. Abbreviations 155
7-3. Using Bib1EX 156
7-3.1. The setup 157
7-3.2. The steps 158
7-3.3. The files of BIB18X 158
7-3.4. BibTljX rules and messages 160
7-3.5. Editing the bib file 163
Chapter 8. Multiline math displays 165
8-1. Aligned columns 166
8-1.1. Simple align 166
8-1.2. Multiple align 167
8-1.3. Double align 169
8-2. Enhancing math environments 170
8-2.1. Split 172
8-2.2. Intertext 173
8-3. Centered columns 174
8-3.1. Gather 175
8-3.2. Matrices 176
8-3.3. Arrays 179
8-3.4. Cases 181
8-4. Multiline formulas 181
8-5. Commutative diagrams 182
8-6. Pagebreak 184
Chapter 9. Displayed text 185
9-1. Style and size environments 185
9-1.1. Some general rules 186