Masters and Commanders: How Four Titans Won the War in the West, 1941-1945

735 Pages·2009·11.73 MB·English

by  Andrew Roberts

MASTERS

A N D
COMMANDERS
HOW FOUR TITANS WON THE WAR
IN THE WEST, 1941–1945
ANDREW ROBERTS
Formywife,Susan
Contents
ListofIllustrations vii
ListofMaps xi
Acknowledgements xxvii
Preface xxxi
Introduction 1
part i
Enchantment
1 FirstEncounters:1880–June1940 9
2 CollectingAllies:June1940–December1941 41
3 EgosinArcadia:December1941–February1942 66
4 BrookeandMarshallEstablishDominance:
February–March1942 102
5 GymnastFalls,BoleroRetuned:February–April1942 116
part ii
Engagement
6 Marshall’sMissiontoLondon:April1942 137
7 TheCommandersatArgonaut:April–June1942 167
Photographic Insert
8 TheMastersatArgonaut:June1942 197
9 TorchReignited:July1942 219
iii
contents
10 TheMostPerilousMomentoftheWar:
July–November1942 260
11 TheMediterraneanGardenPath:
November1942–January1943 295
12 TheCasablancaConference:January1943 316
13 TheHardUnderbellyofEurope:January–June1943 346
14 TheOverlordshipofOverlord:June–August1943 381
part iii
Estrangement
15 FromtheStLawrencetothePyramids:
August–November1943 401
16 Eureka!atTeheran:November–December1943 429
17 Anzio,AnvilandCulverin:December1943–May1944 455
18 D-DayandDragoon:May–August1944 485
19 OctagonandTolstoy:August–December1944 509
20 AutumnMist:December1944–February1945 533
21 YaltaRequiem:February–May1945 548
Conclusion:TheRiddlesoftheWar 573
AppendixA:TheMajorWartimeConferences 585
AppendixB:GlossaryofCodenames 586
AppendixC:TheSelectionofCodenames 588
Notes 589
Bibliography 615
Index 625
AbouttheAuthor
OtherBooksbyAndrewRoberts
Credits
Cover
Copyright
AboutthePublisher
iv
SketchofChurchillbyGeneralBrookeonNo.10writingpaper,madeduring
aWarCabinetmeetinginMarch1942
.
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece:AsketchofChurchillbyAlanBrooke(Trusteesofthe
LiddellHartCentreforMilitaryArchives,King’sCollege,London–
Ref:Alanbrooke6/4/1–5.ReproducedbykindpermissionofThe
ViscountAlanbrooke)
Preface:ApagefromLawrenceBurgis’accountoftheWarCabinet
meetingof10December1941(ChurchillArchivesCentre,Papersof
LaurenceBurgis,BRGS 2/10,10December1941)
1. TheMastersandCommandersattheCasablancaConference,
January1943(reproducedbykindpermissionofMrsJoanBright
Astley)
2. PershingandMarshall,1919(courtesyoftheGeorgeC.Marshall
ResearchLibrary,Lexington,Virginia)
3. AlanBrookeintheuniformoftheRoyalHorseArtillery,1910
(TrusteesoftheLiddellHartCentreforMilitaryArchives,King’s
College,London–Ref:Alanbrooke13/1)
4. ChurchillarrivingatDowningStreet,15May1940(GettyImages)
5. RooseveltaddressingCongress,8December1941(GettyImages)
6. ChurchillandRooseveltonboardUSS Augusta,9August1941
(Topfoto)
7. ChurchillandRooseveltonboardHMS PrinceofWales,14
August1941(AP/PA Photos)
8. Marshall,ChurchillandHenryL.Stimson,24June1942(Getty
Images)
vii
list of illustrations
9. AlanBrooke’slunchforMarshallattheSavoyHotel,July1942
(DavidE.Scherman/Time&LifePictures/GettyImages)
10. HarryHopkins,MarkClark,RooseveltandEisenhowerinNorth
Africa,31January1943(Bettmann/Corbis)
11. EisenhowerandMarshallinAlgiers,3June1943(Corbis)
12. ChurchillrecuperatinginCarthage,ChristmasDay1943
(Bettmann/Corbis)
13. Patton,BradleyandMontgomeryinFrance(Corbis)
14. TheCombinedChiefsofStaffatCasablanca,January1943(US
ArmyMilitaryHistoryInstitute)
15. Churchill,EdenandothersatAlliedHQ inNorthAfrica,8June
1943(GettyImages)
16. CombinedChiefsofStaffmeetingattheFirstQuebecConference,
August1943(US ArmyMilitaryHistoryInstitute)
17. SecondQuebecConference,September1944(reproducedbykind
permissionofMrsJoanBrightAstley)
18. ChurchillandRooseveltattheSecondQuebecConference,
September1944(reproducedbykindpermissionofMrsJoanBright
Astley)
19. JohnDill,AndrewCunningham,AlanBrooke,CharlesPortaland
HastingsIsmayatQuebec,1944(reproducedbykindpermissionof
MrsJoanBrightAstley)
20. BritishJointPlanningStaff,SecondQuebecConference,
September1944(reproducedbykindpermissionofMrsJoanBright
Astley)
21. AllenTupperBrown(courtesyofGeorgeMarshallResearch
Library,Lexington,Virginia)
22. AlanBrookeandBarneyCharlesworth,October1941(Trusteesof
theLiddellHartCentreforMilitaryArchives,King’sCollege,London
–Ref:Alanbrooke13/3)
23. ChurchillandJanSmutsinCairo,August1942(Bettmann/Corbis)
24. HastingsIsmay,1942(GeorgeKarger/Time&LifePictures/Getty
Images)
viii