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Master the boards step 2 CK PDF

1150 Pages·2019·7.91 MB·English
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~APLA~ MEDICAL Step 2 Cl< Fi h EdiUon Bo I KAPLAN MEDICA L.COM/ MT1B I s Master the Boards USMLE® Step 2 CK Fifth Edition Other Titles by Conrad Fischer Master the Boards USMLE® Step 3 Other Titles from Kaplan Medical USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes Dr. Pestana’s Surgery Notes Master the Boards USMLE® Step 2 CK Fifth Edition USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), which neither sponsor nor endorse this product. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher. © 2019, 2017, 2015, 2013, 2011 by Conrad Fischer, MD The authors of the following sections have granted Conrad Fischer, MD, and Kaplan Publishing exclusive use of their work: Victoria Hastings, DO, MPH, MS: Part 8, Obstetrics, and Part 9, Gynecology Niket Sonpal, MD: Part 4, Surgery; Part 7, Pediatrics; and Part 16, Patient Safety Alina Gonzales-Mayo, MD, and Mena Mirhom, MD: Part 12, Psychiatry Philip J. Koehler III, DO, MS: Part 5, Sports Medicine Published by Kaplan Publishing, a division of Kaplan, Inc. 750 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 All rights reserved. The text and illustrations of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-1-5062-3595-0 PART 1: Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Chapter 10: Chapter 11: Chapter 12: PART 2: Table of Contents About the Authors Acknowledgments Introduction Author’s Note Internal Medicine Gastroenterology Endocrinology Cardiology Pulmonology Infectious Diseases Fungal, Tropical, and Animal-Borne Diseases Allergy and Immunology Rheumatology Hematology Neurology Nephrology Oncology Preventive Medicine PART 3: PART 4: PART 5: PART 6: PART 7: PART 8: PART 9: PART 10: PART 11: PART 12: PART 13: PART 14: PART 15: PART 16: Dermatology Surgery Sports Medicine Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Pediatrics Obstetrics Gynecology Radiology Ophthalmology Psychiatry Emergency Medicine Ethics Biostatistics and Epidemiology Patient Safety Index For Test Changes or Late-Breaking Developments kaptest.com/publishing The material in this book is up-to-date at the time of publication. However, the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) may have instituted changes in the test after this book was published. Be sure to carefully read the materials you receive when you register for the test. If there are any important late-breaking developments—or any changes or corrections to the Kaplan test preparation materials in this book—we will post that information online at kaptest.com/publishing. About the Authors Conrad Fischer, MD, is director of the Internal Medicine residency program at Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center in New York City and associate professor of physiology, pharmacology, and medicine at Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York City. He teaches USMLE Steps 1, 2, and 3; Internal Medicine Board Review and Attending Recertification; and USMLE Step 1 Physiology. Section Authors Niket Sonpal, MD, is assistant program director of internal medicine residency at Brookdale Hospital Medical Center in Brooklyn and associate professor at Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York City. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, a practicing gastroenterologist and hepatologist focusing on men’s health and women’s health, and co-author of the best-selling books Master the Boards: USMLE Step 2 CK and Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3. Dr. Sonpal teaches USMLE, COMLEX, and American Board of Internal Medicine review. Victoria Hastings, DO, MPH, MS, is a resident physician in obstetrics and gynecology at New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital. She received her master of public health degree in biostatistics and epidemiology from Saint Louis University and her doctorate in osteopathic medicine with a master of science from NYIT College of Medicine. She is section editor of the obstetrics and gynecology chapters in Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3. She teaches obstetrics, gynecology, and biostatistics for USMLE Steps 1, 2, and 3. Mena Mirhom, MD, teaches live lectures in psychiatry for Kaplan Medical. He is an adjunct professor at several medical schools and is in training at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai’s clinical affiliate in New York City. Philip J. Koehler III, DO, MS, is a resident in physical medicine and rehabilitation. He completed an Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) teaching fellowship at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Previous contributions by Alina Gonzalez-Mayo, MD, and Elizabeth August, MD. Additional resources available at www.kaptest.com/usmlebookresources Acknowledgments Niket Sonpal wishes to acknowledge Mr. Navin Sonpal, Mahendra Patel, Raj Patel, and Dr. Mukul Arya for their unwavering support, hope, and stance by me through thick and thin. Without them my path to becoming a physician would not have been possible. The authors wish to acknowledge the expert attention to detail of Dr. Ana Franceschi and Dr. Gabriel Vílchez Molina. Elizabeth August wishes to acknowledge Professor Edward C. August, Mrs. Donna M. August, and Eric D. August for their love, generosity, and unwavering support. Without them, my dreams would not be a reality. Peer Reviewers/Section Editors The authors also wish to recognize the contributions of the following peer reviewers: GASTROENTEROLOGY: Niket Sonpal ENDOCRINOLOGY: Chris Paras CARDIOLOGY: Yury Malyshev PULMONOLOGY: Chris Paras, Ehizode Udevbulu INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Richard Cofsky FUNGAL, TROPICAL, AND ANIMAL BORNE-DISEASES: Richard Cofsky RHEUMATOLOGY: Nanette Thomas HEMATOLOGY: Hamza Minhas NEPHROLOGY: Muhammad Bakhtyar Khan ONCOLOGY: Hamza Minhas PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: Herman Lebovitch DERMATOLOGY: Niket Sonpal SURGERY: Ravi Kothuru SPORTS MEDICINE: Philip Koehler PEDIATRICS: Fernanda Kupferman OBSTETRICS: Victoria Hastings GYNECOLOGY: Victoria Hastings RADIOLOGY: Niket Sonpal PSYCHIATRY: Mena Mirhom EMERGENCY MEDICINE: Sandra Scott • • • Introduction Congratulations! By studying for your Step 2 CK exam, you are well on your way to becoming a doctor. This book contains information to help you perform well on the test and target areas of study. Master the Boards USMLE Step 2 CK offers a complete outline for Step 2 CK preparation in a convenient, colorful format. For many medical students, this book may be all the review you need, since your concurrent medical training offers hands-on learning opportunities to reinforce the medical principles and best practices tested on the USMLE. Depending on how well you recall the topics in any given section of this book, you will be able to customize your study appropriately. For example, if you find yourself not recalling some major topics in the cardiology section, go back and review your primary texts, and consider supplementing with question banks and practice questions. Some students like to use a Master the Boards book before taking an in-depth live course, or to recap the content after the course concludes. This book contains exam-style questions and it offers the opportunity to test your knowledge as you review. The answer explanations are another way to reinforce knowledge. Therefore, this book can be used in tandem with question banks or any other case studies program. The Master the Boards series is arranged by medical specialty. Each section contains: Tips for recognizing incorrect answers Mini cases with detailed answer explanations to reinforce learning Full-color images of relevant items from the text About the USMLE Step 2 CK The USMLE Step 2 CK (Clinical Knowledge) is typically taken as the second test in a series of three national certifying examinations that are necessary to obtain a license to practice medicine in the United States. Step 2 CK is usually taken between the end of the third year of medical school and the end of the fourth year. How is Step 2 CK different from Step 1? Generally speaking, Step 2 CK is more clinically based than Step 1. Although there is no requirement to take Step 1 before Step 2 CK, this is the typical sequence for U.S. graduates. According to the test maker, the questions on Step 2 CK measure the ability to apply medical knowledge, skills, and understanding of clinical science as they pertain to patient care (under supervision), with emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Clinical Knowledge is one of two components of Step 2; the other, Clinical Skills (CS), uses model patients to test the ability to perform in a real clinical setting. Step 2 CK provides the foundation for the safe and effective practice of medicine by future medical doctors. Results of the USMLE are reported to medical licensing authorities in the United States and its territories for use in granting the initial license to practice medicine. The sponsors of the USMLE are the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). About the USMLE Step 2 CK: Exam Blueprint USMLE Step 2 CK is a computer-based test that will not exceed questions taken over a 9-hour period. The test is divided into 8 blocks, each of which lasts 60 minutes. Once you have completed a block or your 60 minutes has run out, you will not be able to go back and review or change any of your work on that block. You will have 45 minutes of break time, which is used to transition between blocks and for longer breaks that require you to leave your seat (i.e., authorized breaks). The computer keeps track of your break time. You must be sure not to exceed the 45 minutes or you will be penalized by having any overage break time taken from the 60 minutes allotted for the last block of the test. Structure of Step 2 CK Questions The majority of Step 2 CK questions are single best answer (multiple-choice)

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