Masquerading symptoms : uncovering physical illnesses that present as psychological problems PDF
Preview Masquerading symptoms : uncovering physical illnesses that present as psychological problems
Masquerading Symptoms Masquerading Symptoms Uncovering Physical Illnesses That Present as Psychological Problems B S arBara childkrout Cover image: © Beau Lark, Fancy/Jupiter Images Cover design: Andrew Liefer This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permis- sion of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. 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Medicine, Psychosomatic. 2. Psychological manifestations of general diseases. 3. Sick—Psychology. 4. Consultation-liaison psychiatry. I. Title. RC49.S3354 2013 616.08—dc23 2013017805 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Introduction xi List of Diseases by Organ System or Disease Process xxv I Signs and Symptoms 1 part State of Consciousness 3 Delirium 7 Attention and Concentration 8 Mood, Affect, and Emotion 12 Thought Form 19 Thought Content and Experience of Reality 23 Delusional Thought Content 28 Hallucinations 31 Change in Personality or Behavior 34 Judgment 41 Insight 44 Dementia 46 Orientation 47 Memory 51 Speech and Language 55 OTHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS 64 Constructional Ability: Drawing, Copying, Visuospatial Tasks 64 Fund of Knowledge 65 Calculation 66 Abstract Thinking 67 Executive Functions 69 v vvii contents General Physical Appearance 72 Motor Behavior 81 VEGETATIVE SYMPTOMS 97 Disturbances of Sleep 98 Disturbances of Energy Level 106 Disturbances of Eating Behavior and Weight 108 Disturbances of Sexual Functioning 112 Notable Physical Symptoms and Possible Associated Diseases 114 II: The Diseases 119 part Disease #1: Acromegaly 121 Disease #2: Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Porphyria Variegata 127 Disease #3: Addison’s Disease 133 Disease #4: Alzheimer’s Disease 138 Disease #5: Arsenic Poisoning 145 Disease #6: Brain Tumors 150 Disease #7: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 157 Exposure to High Levels of Carbon Monoxide 157 Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Carbon Monoxide 157 Late-Appearing Neuropsychological Symptoms 157 Long-Term Disabilities from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 157 Disease #8: Charles Bonnet Syndrome 166 Disease #9: Chronic Subdural Hematoma 167 Disease #10: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy 171 Disease #11: Circadian Rhythm Disorders 172 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome 172 Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome 172 Irregular Sleep/Wake Pattern (Free Running) 172 Non-24-Hour Sleep/Wake Disorder 172 Disease #12: Corticobasal Degeneration 177 Disease #13: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 178 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies 178 Disease #14: Cushing’s Syndrome 184 Disease #15: Dementia with Lewy Bodies 189 contents vii Disease #16: Frontotemporal Dementia 195 Pick’s Disease 195 Semantic Dementia 195 Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia 195 Frontotemporal Dementia with Motor Neuron Disease 195 Disease #17: Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy 202 Disease #18: Hepatic Encephalopathy 204 Disease #19: HIV/AIDS (Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 210 Disease #20: Huntington’s Disease 216 Disease #21: Hyperparathyroidism, Primary (Including Hypercalcemia) 225 Disease #22: Hypersomnia, Idiopathic 229 Disease #23: Hypersomnia, Recurrent 232 Kleine-Levin Syndrome 232 Menstruation-Related Hypersomnia 232 Disease #24: Hyperthyroidism 237 Disease #25: Hyperventilation Syndrome 244 Disease #26: Hypoglycemia 249 Disease #27: Hypoparathyroidism (Hypocalcemia) 255 Disease #28: Hypothyroidism 259 Disease #29: Hypoxia (Insufficient Oxygen Supply to the Brain) 265 Hypoxic Brain Damage 265 Altitude Sickness 265 Disease #30: Lead Poisoning 270 Acute, High-Dose Exposure 270 Low-Level, Chronic Exposure 270 Subclinical Lead Poisoning 270 Disease #31: Limbic Encephalitis 277 Viral Encephalitis 277 Paraneoplastic Syndrome 277 Autoimmune Encephalitis 277 Disease #32: Lyme Disease 281 Disease #33: Manganese Toxicity 288 Disease #34: Mercury Poisoning 291 viii contents Acute, High-Dose Exposure 291 Chronic, Low-Dose Exposure 291 Disease #35: Migraine 296 Headache 296 Cluster Headaches 296 Disease #36: Mitochondrial Disorders 304 Specific Syndromes: MELAS, MERRF, LHON, MNGIE, KSS, NARP, Leigh Syndrome 304 Disease #37: Multiple Sclerosis 311 Disease #38: Multiple System Atrophy 318 Disease #39: Myasthenia Gravis 319 Disease #40: Narcolepsy 323 Narcolepsy with Cataplexy 323 Narcolepsy without Cataplexy 323 Secondary Narcolepsy 323 Disease #41: Neuro-BehÇet’s Syndrome 331 Disease #42: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 338 Disease #43: Nocturnal Eating: Night-Eating Syndrome (NES) 343 Disease #44: Nocturnal Eating: Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (SRED) 348 Disease #45: Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus 354 Disease #46: Pancreatic Cancer 362 Disease #47: Parasomnias: Sleepwalking and Night Terrors 366 Disease #48: Parkinson’s Disease 371 Disease #49: Partial Seizures 377 Disease #50: Pellagra 387 Nicotinic Acid Deficiency or Niacin Deficiency 387 Disease #51: Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep 392 Disease #52: Pheochromocytoma 395 Disease #53: Postconcussion Syndrome 400 Disease #54: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Premenstrual Syndrome 404 Disease #55: Primary Progressive Aphasia 409 Disease #56: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 410 Disease #57: REM Sleep Behavior Disorder 411 Disease #58: Restless Legs Syndrome 415 Disease #59: Sleep Apnea 418
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