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01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page i MASONRY INSTANT ANSWERS This page intentionally left blank. 01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page iii MASONRY INSTANT ANSWERS Rochelle C. Jaffe McGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto ebook_copyright 6x9.qxd 10/7/03 3:31 PM Page 1 Copyright ©2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143340-6 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-139515-6 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 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DOI: 10.1036/0071433406 01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page v To Bob, who makes it all possible. v 01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR: ROCHELLE C. JAFFE Ms. Jaffe is a licensed architect and a licensed structural engineer. She is also certified as a construction specifier (by the Construction Specification Institute) and as a special inspector of structural masonry (by the International Conference of Building Officials). As a Senior Project Consultant with NTH Consultants, Ltd., in Farming- ton Hills, Michigan, Ms. Jaffe specializes in investigation, evaluation, and rehabilitation of existing, deteriorated, and damaged masonry structures, and has over 20 years’ experience in this field. Ms. Jaffe is a member of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). As an active member of The Masonry Society (TMS), she is a former member of the Board of Directors and former editor of the Journal, serves on the Design Practices Committee, and is current chairperson of the Architectural Practices Committee. Her active participation in the ACI/ASCE/TMS Masonry Standards Joint Committee, the group that authors the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402) and the Specification for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602), includes serving as a for- mer chair of the Stone Cladding Subcommittee. Ms. Jaffe has authored or co-authored magazine articles and texts, as well as numerous technical reports related to investigations of masonry structures with material and architectural or structural deficiencies. She has spoken at a variety of seminars and other tech- nical functions. vi 01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page vii For more information about this title, click here. CONTENTS Introduction xi Acknowledgments xiii List of Tables xv List of Figures xxi PART I: MATERIALS AND TESTING Chapter 1: Masonry Units....................................................1 Clay Units......................................................................................1 Clay Bricks ................................................................................2 Glazed Bricks ............................................................................7 Clay Pavers................................................................................9 Clay Unit Testing ....................................................................13 Concrete Units ............................................................................16 Concrete Bricks........................................................................16 Concrete Blocks ......................................................................18 Prefaced Concrete Units..........................................................22 Concrete Pavers......................................................................23 Concrete Unit Testing..............................................................26 Stone Masonry Units....................................................................28 Stone Types............................................................................28 Stone Testing..........................................................................31 Chapter 2: Mortar and Grout ............................................35 Mortar and Grout Component Materials......................................37 Cementitious Materials............................................................37 Aggregates..............................................................................40 Admixtures..............................................................................45 Mortar ........................................................................................50 Grout ..........................................................................................59 vii Copyright 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. 01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page viii viii Masonry Instant Answers Chapter 3: Reinforcement..................................................65 Steel Reinforcing Bars ..................................................................65 Welded Wire Fabric......................................................................72 Joint Reinforcement......................................................................77 Chapter 4: The Masonry Assembly....................................83 Compressive Strength..................................................................87 Bond Strength..............................................................................92 ASTM C 952............................................................................92 ASTM C 1072..........................................................................94 ASTM C 1357..........................................................................95 ASTM E 518............................................................................96 Water Permeance ........................................................................97 Quality Assurance......................................................................102 PART II: CONSTRUCTION Chapter 5: Installation of Masonry Units ......................107 Planning....................................................................................107 Unit Preparation ........................................................................116 Masonry Unit Bonding ..............................................................119 Movement Joints........................................................................128 Tolerances..................................................................................133 Chapter 6: Mortar and Grout Installation......................139 Mortar Placement in New Construction Head Joints and Bed Joints........................................................................140 Mortar Placement in Existing Construction Head Joints and Bed Joints........................................................................147 Collar Joint Mortaring................................................................152 Grout Placement........................................................................154 Chapter 7: Placement of Reinforcement, Ties/Anchors, and Flashing ..................................................................163 Steel Reinforcing Bars ................................................................164 Maximum Reinforcent Bar Size..............................................164 01 10/7/03 9:55 AM Page ix Contents ix Reinforcing Bar Splice and Hook Requirements......................167 Reinforcing Bar Spacing and Cover ......................................174 Tolerances ............................................................................176 Placement of Joint Reinforcement..............................................179 Flashing ....................................................................................186 Ties and Anchors........................................................................201 Masonry Ties ........................................................................202 Veneer Anchors ....................................................................203 Anchor Bolts..........................................................................206 Chapter 8: Masonry Construction During Weather Extremes........................................................................211 Masonry Construction During Hot Weather ..............................211 Masonry Construction During Cold Weather ............................216 Chapter 9: Temporary Bracing of Masonry Walls Under Construction ......................................................223 General Bracing Requirements ..................................................224 Initial Period of Construction......................................................225 Intermediate Period....................................................................229 Bracing Systems ........................................................................237 Glossary ............................................................................243 Acronyms ..........................................................................251 ASTM Standards Referenced in This Book......................253 Index..................................................................................257
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