Mary Denault 2011 CTEBVI Abbrev and Typeforms

21 Pages·2011·0.48 MB·English

Nemeth Abbreviations
And Typeform Indicators

Abbreviations

Identifying Abbreviations
 There is usually a different typeface on variables than abbreviations. Variables
are usually italicized. Before beginning transcription, take a close look at the
typeface used in the text.
 Abbreviations may be followed by periods or spaced away from the surrounding
text. This isn’t always the case.
 Look for a definition in the surrounding text. Many times, an abbreviation is
defined in the text before the first occurrence.
 Check for a section in the back of the textbook that lists abbreviations.
 Letters are sometimes used as a temporary placeholder for an actual value.
Examples: A = Area, L = Length, W = Width. The values change depending on
the problem. These are not abbreviations.
 If you are still not sure if an item is an abbreviation or not, Section 49b of the
Nemeth code tells us to treat it as if it were not an abbreviation. Stay consistent
throughout the text once you have made a decision.

What do you notice about the typeface in the problem below?

Mary Denault Nemeth Abbreviations and Typeform Indicators CTEBVI 2011  Page 1
This is an example of a listing of abbreviations in a physics book:

Rules for abbreviations can be found in Nemeth Code Sections 49-54.
Rules for abbreviations:
 Abbreviations are punctuated in literary mode.
 Abbreviations are spaced away from operation signs.
 No space should be left between an abbreviation and its period, a slash line or
any symbol of grouping, indicator, punctuation, fraction line, termination,
superscript or subscript which applies to the abbreviation. A space must be left
in all other cases.
 If no space appears between two components of an abbreviation, no space
should be left in braille. Example: sq.ft.
 When abbreviations have a superscript or subscript, the punctuation indicator is
required.
 The contraction for "in." or "in" must never be used for inches.
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 The English letter indicator must be used before an abbreviation which consists of one
letter or a combination of letters corresponding to a short form word if the abbreviation is
not followed by a period that applies to it.

Example of spacing with signs of operation:

ImzfjbqzP=Im=Kh=@O]GPKR=`j=HO]GSKT=`j=
==Im=Kh=@TKM=`j=HNPKQ=`j=
==Im=Kh=@OMKQ=`j=
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 The problem number below was treated this way for the whole text. There were
numbers followed by a period all through the textbook with these mixed in. It was
important to have the circled numbers stand out from the others.
AQ.
 The shape indicator for squares is used in the problem below
 Abbreviations are unspaced from the fraction line.

EOF=Itofqb=b^G=o^qb=v=cKa=V=ILbm=@N=V=
==pfjmibL=ZjQ=
====\O=`jLAQ=jj@=Kh=\AQ=`jLAQ=jj@=
====\P=`jLAQ=jj@=Kh=\AQ=`jLAQ=jj@=
====\Q=`jLAQ=jj@=Kh=\AQ=`jLAQ=jj@=
=
 Which abbreviations in the example below require a letter indicator?
 Always remember to check that the abbreviation for centimeter (cm) doesn’t have
a letter indicator. Some braille programs will insert the letter indicator for cm. A
quick search will find these.

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 The section number below is a cell 5 heading.
 A blank line is required between directions and a cell 5 heading.
 A space is required in problem 10 between mm and the multiplication dot.

====@UJQ=IPszqH=Ijbqof`=Irkfqp=EILraRq=
====Iqbuq_llh=mmQ=@PSQJPSTF=
=
====IPszqQ=
@NM|Q=@S=jj=G\N=`jLNM=jj@=Kh=JJJJ=`j=
@NN|Q=@MKUT=XIi=G\NIMMM=jIiLN=XIi@=
==Kh=JJJJ=jIi=
@NO|Q=@U=Xj=Kh=JJJJ=`j=
@NP|Q=@NO=hd=Kh=JJJJ=Xd=
@NQ|Q=@OIMMM=jIi=Kh=JJJJ=XIi=
=
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Proofreading Practice

==IZ=^ii=ob`q^kdibpN=>=[b^=`=O=cKa=
MjriqfmivH=>=iRd\=M>=tfa\Q=I>=Zjri^=Z>=
[b^=E^=ob`q^kdib=fp=I^=Kh=Xi=]G=XtQ=

I>=slirjb=fp=@NPIOQS=fk{PQ=

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 The letter indicator is required for the abbreviation for meter below. The period
does not apply to the abbreviation, it ends a sentence. See Section 51 in the
Code book.
 In a) and c), the abbreviation has a superscript. The punctuation indicator is
required.

@PM|Q=I>=[b^=E^=i[db=sbdbq^@=d[aR=V=^=
====mzplkDp=v[a=j^v=O=
==X^F=@OMM=Xj{O|Q=
==X_F=@MKR=e^Q=
==X`F=@MKMO=hj{O|Q=

 When it is doubtful whether the period applies to the abbreviation, the period
should be considered as applying to the abbreviation. In the example below, the
textbook wasn’t consistent in using punctuation, so this falls into the doubtful
category. Notice that the letter indicator isn't used on m. below.

@NT|Q=I^k=bnrfi^qz^i=qof^kdibO=?l=pfab=
==fp=@PNKQ=jQ=
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 In the example below, the Greek symbol for Sigma is used. It is helpful to look
at the back of the textbook for Greek letters. Fonts are not always the same from
book to book and not always the same as the Code book.
 Italicized typeface is used for variables. Abbreviations (newton, kilogram, meter
and second) are not italicized.
 Abbreviations are unspaced from the fraction line, slash and closing fraction
indicator.

^Xu=Kh=\KIpIcXu?Lj@=
==Kh=\UKT=XIkLMKPM=hd@=Kh=@OV=Xj|LXp{O=

 Greek symbols from the back of the book:

In the example below, the abbreviation is unspaced from the slash.
22 ft./sec
@OO=cqQ|Lpb`Q=
=
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 This is another example of an abbreviation that is used in a fraction. The Greek
symbol for upsilon is used below. Notice that m/s is spaced away from the
closing parentheses that come before it, but not the slash that they are attached
to in print. The abbreviation is also unspaced from the fraction line. In this case,
it is runover to the next line, but is still considered unspaced.
 This is a complex fraction because of the m/s.
 Because the fraction is divided at the plus, it must be divided at the fraction line
and every equals.
 This is a linked expression.

==KIplirXk=I>=^sz^db=pmbA=E>=?mf`ibp=fp=
>=prj=E>=pmbAp=afsfaA=M>=qlq^i=krj_z=E=
?mf`ibpP=
==KrW=
====Kh=I\ERKMMHUKMMHNOKMHNOKMHNOKMHNQKM=
======HNQKMHNTKMHOMKMF=Xj|LXp=
======ILVI@=
====Kh=@NOKT=Xj|LXp=

Find the errors in the example below

Is=Kh=@Q=`jG=P=`j=Kh=@NO=`j{P=
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 Which of the following are abbreviations? Do they require the letter sign? Which
letters are variables, which do not require the letter sign?

 The example below is an abbreviation which requires the punctuation indicator.
Notice that 19 cm is punctuated in literary mode, the superscript in 114 cm
makes the punctuation indicator necessary in the second abbreviation.
 The number 114 is moved down to the next line, a number and its abbreviation
must be on the same line.

@PM|Q=I>=_^pb=fp=@NV=`jN=C>=[b^=fp=
==@NNQ=`j{O|Q=IcVa=>=ebfYqQ=

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