Mapping, Connectivity and the Making of European Empires Global Epistemics In partnership with the Centre for Global Knowledge Studies (gloknos) Founding Editor: Inanna Hamati-Ataya (University of Cambridge) Editorial Assistants: Felix Anderl and Matthew Holmes (University of Cambridge) Editorial Review Board: Rigas Arvanitis (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) | Jana Bacevic (University of Cambridge) | Patrick Baert (University of Cambridge) | Shadi Bartsch-Zimmer (University of Chicago) | Maria Birnbaum (University of Bern) | Avital Bloch (Universidad de Colima) | Jenny Boulboullé (Utrecht University) | Jordan Branch (Brown University) | Sonja Brentjes (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) | Karine Chemla (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Paris) | David Christian (Macquarie University) | James H. Collier (Virginia Tech) | Steven Connor (University of Cambridge) | Helen Anne Curry (University of Cambridge) | Shinjini Das (University of East Anglia) | Sven Dupré (Utrecht University) | David Edgerton (King’s College London) | Juan Manuel Garrido Wainer (Universidad Alberto Hurtado) | Simon Goldhill (University of Cambridge) | Anna Grasskamp (Hong Kong Baptist University) | Clare Griffin (Nazarbayev University) | Marieke Hendriksen (Utrecht University) | Dag Herbjørnsrud (Senter for global og komparativ idéhistorie) | Noboru Ishikawa (Kyoto University) | Christian Jacob (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales) | Martin Jones (University of Cambridge) | Katarzyna Kaczmarska (University of Edinburgh) | Isaac A. Kamola (Trinity College, Connecticut) | Alexandre Klein (Université Laval) | Tuba Kocaturk (Deakin University) | Pablo Kreimer (Universidad Nacional de Quilmes) | Michèle Lamont (Harvard University) | Helen Lauer (University of Dar es Salaam) | G.E.R. Lloyd (University of Cambridge) | Carlos López-Beltrán (National Autonomous University of Mexico) | Eric Lybeck (University of Manchester) | Christos Lynteris (University of St Andrews) | Amanda Machin (Witten-Herdecke University) | Tara Mahfoud (King’s College London) | Maximilian Mayer (University of Nottingham Ningbo) | Willard McCarty (King’s College London) | Atsuro Morita (Osaka University) | Iwan Morus (Aberystwyth University) | David Nally (University of Cambridge) | John Naughton (University of Cambridge) | Helga Nowotny (ETH Zurich) | Johan Östling (Lund University) | Ingrid Paoletti (Politecnico di Milano) | V. Spike Peterson (University of Arizona) | Helle Porsdam (University of Copenhagen) | David Pretel (The College of Mexico) | Dhruv Raina (Jawaharlal Nehru University) | Amanda Rees (University of York) | Hans-Jörg Rheinberger (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) | Sarah de Rijcke (Leiden University) | Francesca Rochberg (University of California at Berkeley) | Alexander Ruser (University of Agder) | Anne Salmond (University of Auckland) | Karen Sayer (Leeds Trinity University) | James C. Scott (Yale University) | Elisabeth Simbürger (Universidad de Valparaíso) | Daniel Lord Smail (Harvard University) | Fred Spier (University of Amsterdam) | Swen Steinberg (Queen’s University) | Tereza Stöckelová (Czech Academy of Sciences) | Jomo Sundaram (Khazanah Research Institute) | Liba Taub (University of Cambridge) | Daniel Trambaiolo (University of Hong Kong) | Corinna Unger (European University Institute) | Matteo Valleriani (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) | Stéphane Van Damme (European University Institute) | Andrés Vélez Posada (Universidad EAFIT) | Aparecida Vilaça (National Museum, Brazil) | Simon Werrett (University College London) | Helen Yitah (University of Ghana) | Longxi Zhang (City University of Hong Kong) tinyurl.com/GlobalEpistemics | tinyurl.com/RLIgloknos Titles in the Series: Imaginaries of Connectivity: The Creation of Novel Spaces of Governance Edited by Luis Lobo-Guerrero, Suvi Alt and Maarten Meijer Mapping, Connectivity and the Making of European Empires Edited by Luis Lobo-Guerrero, Laura Lo Presti and Filipe dos Reis Mapping, Connectivity and the Making of European Empires Edited by Luis Lobo-Guerrero, Laura Lo Presti and Filipe dos Reis ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Copyright © 2021 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-1-5381-4639-2 (cloth) ISBN: 978-1-5381-4641-5 (electronic) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992. Contents List of Figures ix Series Editor’s Note xiii Preface: Poseidonians and the Tragedy of Mapping European Empires xv Luis Lobo-Guerrero 1 Mapping and the Making of Imperial European Connectivity 1 Luis Lobo-Guerrero, Laura Lo Presti and Filipe dos Reis 2 Mapping the Invention of the Early ‘Spanish’ Empire 19 Luis Lobo-Guerrero 3 Freezing Cartographic Imaginaries: Mapping the Rediscovery of Greenland and the Restoring of the Danish Monarchy 51 Jeppe Strandsbjerg 4 Surveying in British North America: A Homology of Property and Territory 77 Kerry Goettlich 5 Empires of Science, Science of Empires: Mapping, Centres of Calculation and the Making of Imperial Spaces in Nineteenth-Century Germany 105 Filipe dos Reis 6 Representing France’s Syrian ‘Colony without a Flag’: Imperial Cartographic Strategies at the Margin of the Peace Conference 139 Louis Le Douarin vii viii Contents 7 The Cartographic Lives of the Italian Fascist Empire 175 Laura Lo Presti Index 201 About the Editors and Contributors 213 Figures 1.1 René Magritte, La Condition Humaine, 1933, c/o Pictoright Amsterdam 2020. 4 2.1 Carta de Juan de la Cosa, 1500. Original at the Museo Naval de Madrid. Courtesy of the Centro Virtual Cervantes, Museo Naval de Madrid. 27 2.2 World Map by Diego Ribeiro, 1529 (The Second Borgian Map). From a facsimile by W. Griggs, 1886. Original in the Museum of Propaganda in Rome. 37 2.3 America’s Map by Diego Gutiérrez, Antwerp, 1562 (Americae Sive Qvatae Orbis Partis Nova et Exatissima Descritptio). Courtesy of Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. 41 3.1 ‘The Kinge Christianus His Forde: Names of rodestes, havens, and soundes within this ford’. With permission by Hakluyt Society. 53 3.2 ‘The Coast of Groineland: With the lattitudes of the havens and harbors as I fovnde them’. With permission by Hakluyt Society. 54 3.3 Swart’s first map – the older one – adding Northern Scandinavia and Greenland to the Ptolemaic Map. The original from ca. 1424 is unknown but a copy from 1427 exists in a later edition. Bibliotheque municipale Nancy Manuscrit 441. By courtesy of the Danish Royal Library. 63 3.4 Section of Mercator’s 1606 map of the Arctic. Image in Public Domain. 64 4.1 A Map of Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, and the Three Delaware Counties (Evans and Hebert, 1749) 78 ix