Manual of First and Second Fixing Carpentry

303 Pages·2018·33.05 MB·English

by  Goring

Manual of First and
Second Fixing Carpentry
Les Goring is a member of the Chartered Institute of Building and a former Senior Lecturer in Wood Trades
at Hastings College of Arts & Technology. In addition to being a Member of the Institute of Wood Science,
he is also a Fellow of the Institute of Carpenters and a Licentiate of the City & Guilds Institute. All drawings
in Les Goring’s books were drawn by the author.
To Mary, Penny, Jon and Jenny, and other Gorings
of whom there are many
Books by the same author:
First-Fixing Carpentry Manual
Manual of Purpose-Made Woodworking Joinery
Manual of First and
Second Fixing Carpentry
Fourth Edition
Les Goring
Fourth edition published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 Les Goring
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
First edition published by Edward Arnold Publishers 1998
Third edition published by Butterworth-Heinemann 2010
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Goring, L. J., author.
Title: Manual of first and second fixing carpentry / Les Goring.
Other titles: Manual of first & second fixing carpentry
Description: Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Revised edition of: Manual of first & second fixing
carpentry / Les Goring. 2007. | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017045944| ISBN 9781138295995 (pbk) | ISBN 9781138296008 (hbk) | ISBN 9781315099804 (ebk) |
ISBN 9781351584203 (Adobe Reader) | ISBN 97813515841997 (ePub) | ISBN 9781351584180 (Mobipocket)
Subjects: LCSH: Carpentry--Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Finish carpentry--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Classification: LCC TH5608 .G6142 2018 | DDC 694/.6--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045944
ISBN: 978-1-138-29600-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-29599-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-09980-4 (ebk)
Typeset in Adobe Caslon and Futura
by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xii
Health and Safety Awareness xiii
Abbreviations xiv
Technical Data xv
1 Reading Construction Drawings 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Orthographic Projection 3
1.3 Oblique Projections 5
2 Tools Required: their Care and Proper Use 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Marking and Measuring 8
2.3 Handsaws 12
2.4 Hammers 15
2.5 Screwdrivers 16
2.6 Marking Gauges 16
2.7 Chisels 17
2.8 Oilstones and Diamond Whetstones 17
2.9 Hand Planes 19
2.10 Ratchet Brace 20
2.11 Bits and Drills 20
2.12 Individual Handtools 22
2.13 Portable Powered and Cordless Circular Saws 24
2.14 Powered and Cordless Drills and Screwdrivers 25
2.15 Powered and Cordless Planers 26
2.16 Powered and Cordless Jigsaws 27
2.17 Powered and Cordless SDS Rotary Hammer Drills 28
2.18 Powered (Portable) Routers 28
vi Contents
2.19 Jigs 29
2.20 Nailing Guns 30
3 Carpentry Fixing-Devices 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Nails and Pins 33
3.3 Screws and Plugs 35
3.4 Cavity Fixings 39
4 Making and Fixing Shelving Arrangements 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Shelf Material 40
4.3 Beams or Joists Likened to Shelves 40
4.4 Understanding Basic Mechanics 40
4.5 Shelf Supports 41
4.6 Loads on Shelves Likened to Loads on Floor Joists 43
4.7 Blockboard or Plywood as Shelves 44
4.8 Mid-area Shelf-supports 45
4.9 Ladder-frame Shelf Unit 45
5 Making Site-Equipment Items 50
5.1 Saw Stool 50
5.2 Hop-ups 58
5.3 Board-and-stand 59
5.4 Straightedges, Concrete-levelling Boards and Plumb Rules 61
6 Fixing Doorframes, Linings and Doorsets 63
6.1 Introduction 63
6.2 Fixing Doorframes 65
6.3 Frame Details 67
6.4 Fixing Door Linings 68
6.5 Setting Up Internal Frames Prior to Building Block-partitions 71
6.6 Storey Frames 72
6.7 Subframes 72
6.8 Built-up Linings 73
6.9 Moisture Effect from Wet Plastering 73
6.10 Doorsets 74
6.11 Fire-resisting Doorsets 75
7 Fixing Wooden and uPVC Windows 77
7.1 Introduction 77
7.2 Casement Windows 77
Contents vii
7.3 Glazing 78
7.4 Window Boards 80
7.5 Boxframe Windows 81
7.6 Fixing uPVC Casement Windows into Existing Wooden Boxframes 83
8 Fixing Traditional and Modern Floor Joists and Flooring 86
8.1 Introduction 86
8.2 Ground Floors 87
8.3 Laying T&G Timber Boarding 90
8.4 Floating Floor (with Continuous Support) 91
8.5 Floating Floor (with Discontinuous Support) 91
8.6 Fillet or Battened Floors 92
8.7 Beam-and-Block Floors 93
8.8 Engineered-Timber Floors 93
8.9 Upper Floors 94
8.10 Strutting 97
8.11 Fitting and Fixing Timber Joists 100
8.12 Fixing Flooring Panels on Joists 100
8.13 Fitting and Fixing Engineered Joists 101
8.14 Posi-Joist™ Steel-Web System 105
8.15 Overlay Flooring 107
8.16 Notching and Drilling Traditional Floor/Ceiling Joists 109
9 Fixing Interior and Exterior Timber Grounds 111
9.1 Introduction 111
9.2 Skirting Grounds 111
9.3 Architrave Grounds 112
9.4 Apron-lining Grounds 112
9.5 Wall-panelling Grounds 112
9.6 Framed Grounds 113
9.7 External Grounds 113
10 Fixing Stairs and Balustrades 114
10.1 Introduction 114
10.2 Installation Procedure 115
10.3 Fixing Tapered Steps 123
10.4 Fixing Balustrades 125
11 Stair Regulations Guide to Design and Construction 129
11.1 The Building Regulations 2010 129
viii Contents
12 Making and Fixing Formwork for In Situ Concrete Stairs 139
12.1 Introduction 139
12.2 Details of Design 139
12.3 Designing Stairs 140
12.4 Formwork for a Half-turn Stair 143
13 Constructing Traditional and Modern Roofs 151
13.1 Introduction 151
13.2 Basic Roof Designs 152
13.3 Roof Components and Terminology 152
13.4 Basic Setting-out Terms 158
13.5 Geometrical Setting-out of a Hipped Roof 160
13.6 Roofing Ready Reckoner 161
13.7 Metric Rafter Square 163
13.8 Alternative Method for the Use of the Metric Rafter Square 164
13.9 Bevel-formulas for the Roofing Square 166
13.10 Roofmaster Square 167
13.11 Setting Out a Common (Pattern) Rafter 170
13.12 Setting Out a Crown (or Pin) Rafter 171
13.13 Setting Out a Hip Rafter 172
13.14 Setting Out Jack Rafters 175
13.15 Pitching Details and Sequence 176
13.16 Pitching a Hipped Roof (Double-ended) 179
13.17 Flat Roofs 180
13.18 Dormer Windows and Skylights 184
13.19 Skylights (Roof Windows) 188
13.20 Eyebrow Windows 188
13.21 Lean-to Roofs 194
13.22 Chimney-trimming and Back Gutters 194
13.23 Trussed Rafters 195
13.24 Erection Details and Sequence for Gable Roofs 197
13.25 Hipped Roofs Under 6m Span 197
13.26 Hipped Roofs Over 6m Span 198
13.27 Alternative Hipped Roof up to 11m Span 198
13.28 Valley Junctions 199
13.29 Gable Ladders 199
13.30 Roof-trap Hatch 200
13.31 Chimney Trimming 200
13.32 Water-tank Supports 201
13.33 Work at Height Regulations 2005 (Amended April 2007) 202
Contents ix
14 Erecting Timber-stud and Metal-stud Partitions 203
14.1 Introduction 203
14.2 Traditional Braced Partition 203
14.3 Traditional Trussed Partition 203
14.4 Modern Timber-stud Partitions 204
14.5 Door-stud and Door-head Joints 206
14.6 Stud Joints to Sill or Head Plate 207
14.7 Door-stud and Sill-plate Joints 208
14.8 Corner and Doorway Junctions 209
14.9 Floor and Ceiling Junctions 210
14.10 Erecting Metal-stud Partitions 212
15 Geometry for Arch Shapes 218
15.1 Introduction 218
15.2 Basic Definitions 218
15.3 Basic Techniques 219
15.4 True Semi-elliptical Arches 221
15.5 Approximate Semi-elliptical Arches 223
15.6 Gothic Arches 224
15.7 Tudor Arches 224
15.8 Parabolic Arches 226
15.9 Hyperbolic Arch 226
16 Making and Fixing Arch Centres 228
16.1 Introduction 228
16.2 Solid Turning Piece (Single-rib) 228
16.3 Single-rib Centres 229
16.4 Twin-rib Centres 230
16.5 Four-rib Centres 231
16.6 Multi-rib Centres 233
17 Fixing Architraves, Skirting, Dado and Picture Rails 235
17.1 Architraves 235
17.2 Skirting 240
17.3 Dado Rails and Picture Rails 242
18 Fitting and Hanging Doors 243
18.1 Introduction 243
18.2 Fitting Procedure 243
18.3 Hanging Procedure 248