Manual of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing PDF
Preview Manual of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Manual of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Manual of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Manual of antimicrobial susceptibility testing / authors, Stephen J. Cavalieri ... [et al.]. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 1-55581-349-6 (soft cover) 1. Drug resistance in microorganisms—Handbooks, manuals, etc. [DNLM: 1. Microbial Sensitivity Tests—methods—Laboratory Manuals. 2. Anti-Bacterial Agents—pharmacology—Laboratory Manuals. 3. Drug Resis- tance, Bacterial—Laboratory Manuals. QW 25.5 M6 M2945 2005] I. Cavalieri, Stephen J. II. American Society for Microbiology. QR177.M37 2005 616.9'201—dc22 2005014435 Contents Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii I MODES AND MECHANISMS 1 Antimicrobial Modes of Action 3 Yvette S. McCarter 2 Beta-Lactamases 15 Susan E. Sharp II TEST METHODS 3 A Guide to Using the NCCLS Documents 25 José H. Ortez 4 Disk Diffusion Testing 39 José H. Ortez 5 MIC Testing 53 Ivonne D. Rankin 6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) 63 Ivonne D. Rankin 7 Commercial Systems 91 Ivonne D. Rankin III GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISMS 8 Staphylococci 101 Stephen J. Cavalieri 9 Enterococci 117 Robert L. Sautter v vi Contents 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae 133 Stephen J. Cavalieri 11 Streptococcus 141 Robert L. Sautter IV GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS 12 Enterobacteriaceae 151 Ronald J. Harbeck 13 Non-Enterobacteriaceae 167 Carol A. Spiegel 14 Haemophilus 179 Ronald J. Harbeck & Carol A. Spiegel 15 Neisseria/Moraxella 187 Ronald J. Harbeck 16 Anaerobes 197 Carol A. Spiegel ANSWERS Answers and Comments for Self-Assessment Questions in All Chapters . . . 205 APPENDIX Basic Biosafety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Preparation of a 0.5 McFarland Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 …from NCCLS M100-S14 (M7): Suggestions for Verification of Unusual Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Disk Diffusion Susceptiblity Test: Troubleshooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 José H. Ortez GLOSSARY 225 INDEX 231 Coordinating Editor Marie B. Coyle Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 Authors Stephen J. Cavalieri Ivonne D. Rankin Department of Pathology Clinical Microbiology Department Creighton University Medical Center Mount Sinai Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska 68131 New York, New York 10029 Ronald J. Harbeck Robert L. Sautter Clinical Reference Laboratories and Departments of Microbiology and Department of Medicine Point of Care National Jewish Medical and Pinnacle Health System Research Center Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17101 Denver, Colorado 80206 Yvette S. McCarter Susan E. Sharp Department of Pathology Department of Pathology University of Florida Kaiser Permanente – NW Jacksonville, Florida 32209 Portland, Oregon 97230 José H. Ortez Carol A. Spiegel Bacteriology Department, Department of Pathology and Microbiology Services Laboratory Medicine Kaiser Permanente Regional University of Wisconsin and Reference Laboratories University of Wisconsin Hospital & North Hollywood, California 91605 Clinics Madison, Wisconsin 53792 Contributors Luis Actis Jorge Matheu Álvarez Department of Microbiology Bacteriology Department Miami University National Laboratory of Health Oxford, Ohio 45056 Ministry of Health Barcenas Villa Nueva, Guatemala María Isabel Arias Bustamante Bacteriology Carlos Mejía National Institute of Health Infectious Diseases Division Lima, Peru Roosevelt Hospital Guatemala City, Guatemala Lúcia Helena Berto CGLAB/FUNASA Lai King Ng Secretariat of Health National Laboratory for Enteric Brasilia – DF, Brazil Pathogens Health Canada Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canada viii Contributors Teresa Camou María Soledad Prat Miranda Department of Public General Bacteriology Section Health Laboratories Institute of Public Health Bacteriology Unit Santiago, Chile Ministry of Public Health Montevideo, Uruguay Esteban Riera Fanego Public Health Center Laboratory Elena Campos Chacón Secretariat of Health and Social Welfare National Reference Center of EDAS/ Asunción, Paraguay Cholera Costa Rican Institute of Nutrition and Rosa Sacsaquispe Contreras Health Investigation and Education Bacteriology Division Cartago , Costa Rica Special Bacteriology Laboratory National Institute of Health Alejandra Corso Lima, Perú National Institute of Infectious Diseases Doctor Carlos G. Malbrán Institute Roxane Salvatierra González Buenos Aires, Argentina Unit of Transmissible Diseases Panamerican Health Organization/World José Ramiro Cruz Health Organization Pan American Health Organization Washington, DC. USA Washington, D.C. 20037 Damarys Sánchez Cándida de Dantas Souza Bacteriology Department CGLAB/FUNASA Management of Diagnosis and Secretariat of Health Epidemiology Brasilia – DF, Brazil “Rafael Rangel” National Institute of Hygiene Silvia Figueiredo Costa Caracas, Venezuela Division of Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases Gabriel Schmunis PAHO-WHO. Control of Transmissible Diseases Unit Brasília, Brazil Panamerican Health Organization/ World Health Organization Jean-Marc Gabastou Washington, DC. USA Unit of Essential Drugs, Vaccines and Technology Lily Schuermann Pan American Health Organization American Society for Microbiology Washington, D.C. 20037 Washington, D.C. 20036 Marcelo Galas Kimberly Smith National Institute of Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control Doctor Carlos G. Malbrán Institute and Prevention Buenos Aires, Argentina Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Remei Gordillo Daniel Sordelli Microbiology Section Department of Microbiology Roosevelt Hospital University Buenos Aires School Guatemala City, Guatemala of Medicine Buenos Aires, Argentina 1121 Contributors ix Janet Fick Hindler Aníbal Sosa Centers for Disease Control and International Program Prevention Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Boston, MA, USA University of California Los Angeles, California 90095 Fred C. Tenover Centers for Disease Control Blanca Huapaya Cabrera and Prevention Bacteriology Atlanta, Georgia 30333 National Institute of Health Lima, Peru Gilda Tolari Clinical Microbiology Department Sandra E. Jiménez de Fuentes Doctor Defilló National Public Health Doctor Max Bloch Bacteriology Central Laboratory Laboratory Secretariat of Health and Social Welfare Ministry of Health Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic San Salvador, El Salvador Christian Trigoso Steve Lerner National Health Laboratories Institute Infectious Diseases Division Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Wayne State University School INLASA of Medicine La Paz, Bolivia Detroit, Michigan 48201 Ezequiel Tuduri Franco National Institute of Infectious Diseases Daniel Lissit Doctor Carlos G. Malbrán Institute American Society for Microbiology Buenos Aires, Argentina Washington, D.C. 20036 María Luz Zamudio Rojas Alina Llop Hernández Bacteriology National Laboratory of Reference National Institute of Health Microbiology Lima, Peru. Pedro Kouri, Tropical Medicine Institute Secretariat of Health Jeannette Zurita La Habana, Cuba Microbiology Laboratory Vozandes Hospital Sergio R. López Cruz Quito, Ecuador Bacteriology Department National Reference Center of Diagnosis Ministry of Health Managua, Nicaragua Octavio V. Martinez Department of Orthopedics University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida 33101
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