Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression

1289 Pages·2007·15.96 MB·English

by  Frederick K. Goodwin

Manic-Depressive Illness
Collaborators
S.Nassir Ghaemi,M.D.,M.P.H. Francis M.Mondimore,M.D.
Associate Professor ofPsychiatry and Public Health Assistant Professor ofPsychiatry
Emory University The Johns Hopkins University School ofMedicine
Constance Hammen,Ph.D. James B.Potash,M.D.,M.P.H.
Professor ofPsychology and Psychiatry Associate Professor ofPsychiatry
University ofCalifornia,Los Angeles The Johns Hopkins University School ofMedicine
Terence A.Ketter,M.D. Harold A.Sackeim,Ph.D.
Professor ofPsychiatry Professor ofPsychiatry and Radiology
Stanford University School ofMedicine College ofPhysicians and Surgeons ofColumbia University
Husseini K.Manji,M.D.,FRCPC Myrna M.Weissman,Ph.D.
Director,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program Professor ofEpidemiology in Psychiatry
National Institute ofMental Health College ofPhysicians and Surgeons ofColumbia University
and
Hagop S.Akiskal,M.D. Jan Fawcett,M.D.
Professor ofPsychiatry Professor ofPsychiatry
University ofCalifornia,San Diego University ofNew Mexico School ofMedicine
Gabrielle A.Carlson,M.D. Daniel Z.Lieberman,M.D.
Professor ofPsychiatry and Pediatrics Associate Professor ofPsychiatry
Stony Brook University School ofMedicine The George Washington University Medical Center
Miriam Davis,Ph.D. Teodor T.Postolache,M.D.
Adjunct Assistant Professor ofEpidemiology Associate Professor ofPsychiatry
and Biostatistics (as of2006) University ofMaryland School ofMedicine
The George Washington University School ofPublic Health
and Health Services
J.Raymond DePaulo,Jr.,M.D.
Professor ofPsychiatry
The Johns Hopkins University School ofMedicine
Second Edition
Manic-Depressive Illness
Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression
Frederick K.Goodwin,M.D. Kay Redfield Jamison,Ph.D.
Professor ofPsychiatry Professor ofPsychiatry
The George Washington University Medical Center The Johns Hopkins University School ofMedicine
1
2007
1
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Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Goodwin,Frederick K.,1936–
Manic-depressive illness : bipolar disorders and recurrent depression / Frederick
K.Goodwin,Kay Redfield Jamison ; with Nassir Ghaemi...[et al.].—
2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978-0-19-513579-4
1. Manic-depressive illness. I. Jamison,Kay R. II. Ghaemi,S.
Nassir. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Bipolar Disorder. WM 207G656m2007]
RC516.G66 2007
616.89'5—dc22 2006026791
Please visit this volume’s companion Web site at
www.oup.com/us/manicdepressiveillness2e
Citation to this volume should be given in the following way:Goodwin,F.K.,and Jamison,
K.R.(2007).Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression,
2nd edition.New York:Oxford University Press.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
on acid-free paper
This book is dedicated to the memory of
John Cade and Mogens Schou,
whose pioneering work saved
the lives ofhundreds ofthousands ofpatients
and to our colleagues,
whose work will save the lives ofcountless more.
—F.K.G.and K.R.J.
and
Also dedicated to my wife and colleague
Rosemary P.Goodwin,M.S.W.
—F.K.G.
In memory of
Richard Wyatt,M.D.,
husband and colleague
—K.R.J.
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Foreword
The original version ofthis book,published in 1990,was a that it will satisfy the most discriminating readers, from
unique contribution to the literature on manic-depressive those who simply want to acquaint themselves with a sin-
illness.For a long time,certainly since Bleuler and Schnei- gle aspect of the illness and its many manifestations to
der developed broad criteria for schizophrenia, manic- those who wish to use this text as the basis for a compre-
depressive illness had been neglected both as a clinical hensive understanding ofthe subject.
diagnosis and as a topic for research.The influence ofpsy- A number of key differences between this and the first
choanalysis and Meyer’s psychobiology exacerbated this edition of the book deserve to be highlighted.The discus-
neglect. Meaningful attention to the illness began to in- sion ofthe spectrum diagnoses has been greatly expanded
crease with the discovery oflithium as a surprisingly effec- and informed by an increase in empirical work on the
tive treatment for mania (this book is very appropriately topic:diagnoses such as bipolar-II were not as commonly
dedicated to John Cade and Mogens Schou). But it was accepted prior to the publication of the Diagnostic and
Goodwin and Jamison’s work, coming at a time when Statistical Manual,4th edition (DSM-IV) in 1994,and the
manic-depressive illness remained curiously marginalized previously underappreciated topic of mixed states, espe-
in the scientific literature,that gave the subject the treatment cially depressive mixed states, is now properly included.
it deserved. Remarkably, their text was lengthy enough to Phenomenological studies of manic-depressive illness in
allow detailed accounts and comprehensive summaries of children,women,and the elderly are now examined.The
all the available literature while at the same time being ac- chapter on course of illness incorporates some major new
cessible in style and presentation,with an authentic conti- outcome studies that began in the 1990s and have since
nuity in the voice ofits two authors. expanded. The treatment chapters are, inevitably, greatly
Kay Jamison and Fred Goodwin are, of course, giants expanded to review the literature on benchmark therapies
in this field,and their contribution seemed even then a re- such as electroconvulsive therapy and lithium,as well as to
markable one:Jamison for her profound clinical and psy- accommodate the new literature on atypical antipsychotics,
chological understanding,and Goodwin for his immense novel anticonvulsants,antidepressants,and structured psy-
pharmacological and biological knowledge. To attempt a chosocial interventions. These chapters are also preceded
repeat of their efforts in anew edition was an enormous by a discussion of the research methods now needed to
challenge, especially since the rapid expansion of scien- evaluate increasingly complex clinical trials.Studies ofmo-
tific and clinical information that has occurred in the last lecular genetics,second messenger and intracellular mech-
20 years has made the single- or dual-author textbook an anisms,and functional imaging were just starting two de-
increasingly endangered species.The authors’solution for cades ago, but are quite central now. Even the historical
this new edition of Manic-Depressive Illness is an innova- assessment of how the illness was understood in previous
tive one that works exceedingly well:by enlisting the help of eras is being revised on the basis ofnew evidence discussed
close colleagues with various specialized interests and pro- in this edition.
ducing an interpretive synthesis ofthose views through the The title ofthe second edition remains Manic-Depressive
filter oftheir own unparalleled expertise,they have avoided Illness,with the addition ofa subtitle,Bipolar Disorders and
creating a compilation ofchapters written by individual au- Recurrent Depression.As in the first edition,the main em-
thors and preserved the unity and structure ofthe original phasis is on the inclusive Kraepelinian concept of manic-
work. depressive illness, a perspective too easily lost within the
The book is divided into five parts covering the diagnosis, post–DSM-III nosology of mood disorders. This second
clinical characteristics, psychology, pathophysiology, and edition underlines how Kraepelin’s “central insight—that
treatment of manic-depressive illness. It is an exceptional all ofthe recurrent major mood disorders (in today’s terms)
record ofthe current state ofthe art,and we are confident belonged together under the rubric of manic-depressive
viii Foreword
illness—still provides the best model for what we know to can help us all in an important additional task:to promote
date,as well as for understanding emerging clinical,phar- awareness and investment of both time and money in this
macological,and genetic data.” major illness by the best and brightest around the world.
We have no doubt that this second edition of Manic- As Kraepelin said,“What goal could be more sacred than
Depressive Illness,like the first,will have an immense im- that ofcaring for a brother in distress,especially when the
pact on the field; it will be a great resource for research, affliction stems from his very humanity...and when it
and it will help improve diagnosis and treatment of those cannot be halted by reason,rank or riches?”1
who suffer from the illness.While the volume ofnew work
it describes is encouraging,however,manic-depressive ill- Guy Goodwin,M.D.
ness remains a much lower public health priority than Oxford
schizophrenia and depression,not to mention many phys-
ical conditions,as evidenced by the relative paucity of re- Athanasios Koukopoulos,M.D.
search funds devoted to its study.Hence this second edition Rome
1Emil Kraepelin,quoting Anton Mueller,in Hundert Jahre Psychiatrie(Berlin:Verlag von Julius Springer,1918),p.112.
Acknowledgments
Without the sustained commitment and clinical and scien- Athanasios Koukopoulos,Andreas Marneros,Roger Meyer,
tific expertise ofour collaborators,whose names appear op- Gary Sachs,Mauricio Tohen,Eduardo Vieta,Jeremy Walet-
posite the title page, there would be no second edition of zky,and Peter Whybrow.
Manic-Depressive Illness. We are immensely indebted to Dr. Goodwin’s two research assistants, Mark Goldstein
them for their time and scholarship.The collaborators’in- and Jaclyn Saggese Fleming,worked full time on this book
dividual contributions ranged from a slight to substantial and were essential to its production,Mr.Goldstein during
updating of a first-edition chapter (retaining the original the critical first two years of the project and Mrs.Fleming
organization and most ofthe original material) to,in a few during the final three.Not only were they responsible for
instances, the drafting of an entirely new chapter; most many of the literature searches and the preparation of ta-
contributions fell somewhere in between. They followed bles and figures,they also often went beyond that,prepar-
general guidelines formulated by us,including our specifi- ing summaries ofcritical areas ofresearch.During the final
cations about the conceptualization and usage ofthe terms two years in particular,Mrs.Fleming was the indispensable
manic-depressive illness and bipolar disorder, the critical hub ofthe whole operation,coordinating the work ofboth
need for rigorous and impartial review,and the shared goal the authors,the input from all ofour collaborators,the work
of contributing to a book that would maintain the unified of our chief medical editor,and the editorial and produc-
authorship voice ofthe first edition.There was extensive in- tion staffat Oxford University Press.She did this with a rare
teraction between us and our collaborators throughout, combination of intelligence,care and thoroughness,orga-
with many drafts ofeach chapter going back and forth. nization, blinding speed, and good humor. The ability of
In each case the last draft provided to us by a collabora- Mr.Goldstein and Mrs.Fleming to perform at such a high
tor was revised and updated,usually extensively,by one or level is consistent with their career trajectories—Mr.Gold-
both ofus.When our judgment about a specific clinical or stein is already in medical school and Mrs.Fleming is in a
scientific point differed from that of a collaborator,which post-baccalaureate biology program.
was not infrequently the case,we carefully considered the Dr.Goodwin is further indebted to his executive assis-
collaborator’s point ofview before making a final decision. tant,Joanne Davis,for facilitating his work on this book by
In the end,the two authors take responsibility for the con- skillfully keeping other aspects of his professional life on
tents ofthe book. track.Dr.Goodwin would also like to acknowledge his first
The collaborators would like to acknowledge the contri- mentor, William E. Bunney, Jr., M.D., and his long-term
butions of Po Wang and John Brooks (Dr. Ketter); Susan colleague Dennis Murphy,M.D.,who together contributed
Bachus, Lisa Catapano, Guang Chen, Jing Du, Holly A. so much to the emergence ofmanic-depressive illness as a
Giesen,Fatemi Hosein,Libby Jolkovsky,Celia Knobelsdorf, major focus ofresearch at the National Institute ofMental
Phillip Kronstein,Rodrigo Machado-Vieira,Andrew New- Health.He would also like to thank the George Washing-
berg, Jennifer Payne, Jorge Quiroz, Giacomo Salvadore, ton University Medical Center’s Department of Psychiatry
Peter J. Schmidt, Jaskaran Singh, and Carlos A. Zarate, Jr. and Behavioral Sciences and its chairman,Jeffrey Akman,
(Dr.Manji);Al Lewy,Joseph Soriano,John Stiller,Leonardo M.D., for support. Finally, the unceasing encouragement
Tonelli,and Thomas Wehr (Dr.Postolache);Gregory Fuller and support of Rosemary Goodwin,M.S.W.,has been,as
(Dr.Potash);Rice Fuller (Dr.Sackeim);and Helena Verdeli always,a mainstay.
(Dr.Weissman).Drs.Goodwin and Jamison would like to Dr. Jamison would like to acknowledge the invaluable
acknowledge additional colleagues who reviewed chapters contributions of Silas Jones, William Collins, and Ioline
or otherwise provided input:Jules Angst,Ross Baldessarini, Henter.It has been a delight to work with them and it would
Robert Belmaker, Charles Bowden, Joseph Calabrese, Kiki have been impossible to complete this book without their
Chang, Guy Goodwin, Heinz Grunze, Dean Jamison, help. She would also like to acknowledge the support of